BILL ANALYSIS Ó
SB 776
Page 1
Date of Hearing: June 30, 2015
Counsel: Gabriel Caswell
ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
Bill Quirk, Chair
SB
776 (Block) - As Amended May 19, 2015
SUMMARY: Specifies a minimum fine upon offenders who engage in
prostitution and directs that money to be spent on services for
commercially exploited persons in the county in which they are
collected. Specifically, this bill:
1)Specifies a fine imposed in prostitution cases, where the
defendant offered money in exchange for a lewd act, shall be a
fine of not less than $500 ($2,120 with assessments), and not
more than $2,000 ($8,270 with assessments).
2)Includes an "ability to pay" provision for the fine and
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permits courts to depart downward from the minimum specified
if the court determines that the defendant is unable to pay
the fine, and the court shall impose a fine that the defendant
is able to pay.
3)Requires that 75% of the moneys collected from that fine be
retained by the county and used to fund shelter, counseling,
and other direct services and exit programs for victims of
commercial sexual exploitation and sexual abuse.
EXISTING LAW:
1)Defines "unlawful sexual intercourse" as an act of sexual
intercourse accomplished with a person under the age of 18
years, when no other aggravating elements - such as force or
duress - are present. (Pen. Code § 261.5, subd. (a).)
2)Provides the following penalties for unlawful sexual
intercourse:
a) Where the defendant is not more than three years older
or three years younger than the minor, the offense is a
misdemeanor;
b) Where the defendant is more than three years older than
the minor, the offense is an alternate felony-misdemeanor,
punishable by a jail term of up to one year, a fine of up
to $1,000, or both, or by a prison term of 16 months, two
years or three years and a fine of up $10,000; or,
c) Where the defendant is at least 21 years of age and the
minor is under the age of 16, the offense is an alternate
felony-misdemeanor, punishable by a jail term of up to one
year, a fine of up to $1,000, or both, or by a prison term
of 16 months, two years or three years and a fine of up
$10,000. (Pen. Code § 261.5, subd (b)-(d).)
3)Provides that in the absence of aggravating elements each
crime of sodomy, oral copulation or penetration with a foreign
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or unknown object with a minor is punishable as follows:
a) Where the defendant is over 21 and the minor under 16
years of age, the offense is a felony, with a prison term
of 16 months, 2 years or 3 years.
b) In other cases sodomy with a minor is a wobbler, with a
felony prison term of 16 months, 2 years or 3 years. (Pen.
Code §§ 286, subd. (b), 288a, subd. (b), 289, subd. (h).)
4)Provides that where each crime of sodomy, oral copulation or
penetration with a foreign or unknown object with a minor who
is under 14 and the perpetrator is more than 10 years older
than the minor, the offense is a felony, punishable by a
prison term of 3, 6 or 8 years. (Pen. Code §§ 286, subd.
(c)(1), 288a, subd. (c)(1), 289, subd. (j).)
5)Provides that any person who engages in lewd conduct - any
sexually motivated touching or a defined sex act - with a
child under the age of 14 is guilty of a felony, punishable by
a prison term of 3, 6 or 8 years. Where the offense involves
force or coercion, the prison term is 5, 8 or 10 years. (Pen.
Code § 288, subd. (b).)
6)Provides that where any person who engages in lewd conduct
with a child who is 14 or 15 years old, and the person is at
least 10 years older than the child, the person is guilty of
an alternate felony-misdemeanor, punishable by a jail term of
up to one year, a fine of up to $1,000, or both, or by a
prison term of 16 months, two years or three years and a fine
of up $10,000. (Pen. Code § 288, subd. (c)(1).)
7)Includes numerous crimes concerning sexual exploitation of
minors for commercial purposes. These crimes include:
a) Pimping: Deriving income from the earnings of a
prostitute, deriving income from a place of prostitution,
or receiving compensation for soliciting a prostitute.
Where the victim is a minor under the age of 16, the crime
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is punishable by a prison term of three, six or eight
years. (Pen. Code § 266h, subds. (a)-(b);
b) Pandering: Procuring another for prostitution, inducing
another to become a prostitute, procuring another person to
be placed in a house of prostitution, persuading a person
to remain in a house of prostitution, procuring another for
prostitution by fraud, duress or abuse of authority, and
commercial exchange for procurement. (Pen. Code § 266i,
subd. (a).);
c) Procurement: Transporting or providing a child under 16
to another person for purposes of any lewd or lascivious
act. The crime is punishable by a prison term of three,
six, or eight years, and by a fine not to exceed $15,000.
(Pen. Code § 266j.)
d) Taking a minor from her or his parents or guardian for
purposes of prostitution. This is a felony punishable by a
prison term of 16 months, two years, or three years and a
fine of up to $2,000. (Pen. Code § 267.); and,
8)Provides that where a person is convicted of pimping or
pandering involving a minor the court may order the defendant
to pay an additional fine of up to $5,000. In setting the
fine, the court shall consider the seriousness and
circumstances of the offense, the illicit gain realized by the
defendant and the harm suffered by the victim. The proceeds
of this fine shall be deposited in the Victim-Witness
Assistance Fund and made available to fund programs for
prevention of child sexual abuse and treatment of victims.
(Pen. Code § 266k, subd. (a).)
9)Provides that where a defendant is convicted of taking a minor
under the age 16 from his or her parents to provide to others
for prostitution (Pen. Code § 267) or transporting or
providing a child under the age of 16 for purposes of any lewd
or lascivious act (Pen. Code § 266j), the court may impose an
additional fine of up to $20,000. (Pen. Code § 266k, subd.
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(b).)
10)Provides that where a defendant is convicted under the Penal
Code of taking a minor (under the age of 18) from his or her
parents for purposes of prostitution (Pen. Code § 267), or
transporting or providing a child under the age of 16 for
purposes of any lewd or lascivious act (266j), the court, if
it decides to impose a specified additional fine, the fine
must be no less than $5,000, but no more than $20,000. (Pen.
Code § 266k, subd. (b).)
11)Provides that any person who solicits, agrees to engage in,
or engages in an act of prostitution is guilty of a
misdemeanor. The crime does not occur unless the person
specifically intends to engage in an act of prostitution and
some act is done in furtherance of agreed upon act.
Prostitution includes any lewd act between persons for money
or other consideration. (Pen. Code § 647, subd. (b).)
12)Provides that if the defendant agreed to engage in an act of
prostitution, the person soliciting the act of prostitution
need not specifically intend to engage in an act or
prostitution. (Pen. Code § 647, subd. (b).)
13)Provides that where any person is convicted of a second
prostitution offense, the person shall serve a sentence of at
least 45 days, no part of which can be suspended or reduced by
the court regardless of whether or not the court grants
probation. (Pen. Code § 647, subd. (k).)
14)Provides that where any person is convicted for a third
prostitution offense, the person shall serve a sentence of at
least 90 days, no part of which can be suspended or reduced by
the court regardless of whether or not the court grants
probation. (Pen. Code § 647, subd. (k).)
15)Provides if the person who was solicited was a minor at the
time of the offense, and if the defendant knew or should have
known that the person who was solicited was a minor at the
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time of the offense, the violation is punishable by
imprisonment in a county jail for not less than two days and
not more than one year, or by a fine not exceeding ten
thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both that fine and
imprisonment. (Pen. Code, §, 647, subd. (m).)
FISCAL EFFECT: Unknown
COMMENTS:
1)Author's Statement: According to the author, "SB 776 directly
targets sex buyers by establishing a base fine of not less
than $500 and not more than $2,000 upon conviction for
soliciting prostitution. The measure directs 75% of the
collected fines to counties to fund shelters, counseling, and
other services for victims of commercial sexual exploitation
and sexual abuse.
"Demand for prostitution continues to drive sexual
exploitation and the commercial sex industry. The most
efficient approach in stopping this abuse is to focus on the
sex buyers: When they stop buying, the entire system of
degradation collapses.
"Current penalties for soliciting prostitution have done
little or nothing to curtail the demand for sexual
exploitation. Under current law, an individual convicted of
soliciting prostitution is guilty of a misdemeanor with jail
time of not more than 6 months in county jail, a fine of not
more than $1,000, or both. These penalties have not served as
effective deterrents.
"The demand in the commercial sex industry is driven primarily
by buyers. And while they are the driving force behind this
heinous industry, they are arrested and prosecuted at a
significantly lower rate than the exploited individual.
According to the Attorney General, between 2003 and 2012,
124,140 prostitution arrests were made in California. Only
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one-third of those arrests were for solicitation; two-thirds
of the arrests were prostituted females.
"A great unmet need exists for funding community-based
agencies that provide services to sex trafficking victims and
commercially sexually exploited persons. Counties are
overwhelmed by the entire commercial sex industry which
strains already scarce public safety resources. Very little
funding is available for intervention and services for
exploited victims at the local level.
"SB 776 will target the demand for sexual exploitation
directly and provide essential resources to victims of these
heinous crimes."
2)Prostitution and Human Trafficking, Though Related, are not
Always the Same Thing: A growing number of policy discussions
are equating prostitution offenses with human trafficking
offenses. There is no doubt that the crimes are related,
however, they are not the same crime. A number of proposals
seek to treat all prostitution offenses more severely because
of the grave threat and nature of human trafficking. Human
trafficking is a very serious crime, involving forced
servitude, with very serious penalties. Most prostitution
offenses between a person who is soliciting a prostitute and
the prostitute themselves are misdemeanor crimes, which are
unrelated to human trafficking. Additionally, pimps and
panderers generally are treated more severely by the law, with
much more serious consequences than the prostitute or the
"john." Unlike the crimes of pimping and pandering, human
trafficking is a crime that generally involves some form of
force or coercion.
California has existing strict laws for the treatment of pimps
and panderers, as well as human traffickers. However, those
crimes are not the same and should not be treated the same.
Furthermore, not every person who solicits a prostitute is
engaged in the crime of human trafficking. In fact, the vast
majority are not purchasing a commercial sex act with a person
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who is being forced to engage in the activity through the
auspices of human trafficking. Categorizing all "johns" as
human traffickers, or all pimps and panderers as human
traffickers, is unproductive in setting criminal justice
policy. Blurring the lines between the less severe crimes
related to prostitution, and the more severe crimes related to
human trafficking, weakens the severity of human trafficking
offenses. For instance, this committee has approved bills to
add human trafficking to the list of serious felonies.
However, if we continue to expand the definition of human
trafficking to include more minor prostitution-related
offenses the committee would have to re-evaluate in the future
whether it would still consider human trafficking a serious
felony.
According to the Polaris Project, "Human trafficking is a form
of modern-day slavery where people profit from the control and
exploitation of others. As defined under U.S. federal law,
victims of human trafficking include children involved in the
sex trade, adults age 18 or over who are coerced or deceived
into commercial sex acts, and anyone forced into different
forms of 'labor or services,' such as domestic workers held in
a home, or farm-workers forced to labor against their will.
The factors that each of these situations have in common are
elements of force, fraud, or coercion that are used to control
people."
(< http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/overview >.)
Pimping under California law means receiving compensation from
the solicitation of a known prostitute. (Pen. Code, § 266h.)
Whereas pandering means procuring another person for the
purpose of prostitution by intentionally encouraging or
persuading that person to become or continue being a
prostitute. (Pen. Code, § 266i.) Oftentimes, pimps use
mental, emotional, and physical abuse to keep their
prostitutes generating money. Consequently, there has been a
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paradigm shift where pimping and pandering is now viewed as
possible human trafficking.
This new approach has been criticized by some because it blurs
the line between human trafficking and prostitution. Sex
workers say it discounts their ability to willingly work in
the sex industry. (See Nevada Movement Draws the Line on
Human Trafficking by Tom Ragan, Las Vegas Review Journal, May
26, 2013, <
http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/las-vegas/nevada-movement-dra
ws-line-human-trafficking >.)
a) Prostitution Generally: The basic crime of prostitution
is a misdemeanor offense. (Pen. Code § 647(b).)
Prostitution can be generally defined as "soliciting or
agreeing to engage in a lewd act between persons for money
or other consideration." Lewd acts include touching the
genitals, buttocks, or female breast of either the
prostitute or customer with some part of the other person's
body for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification of
either person.
To implicate a person for prostitution themselves, the
prosecutor must prove that the defendant "solicited" or
"agreed" to "engage" in prostitution. A person agrees to
engage in prostitution when the person accepts an offer to
commit prostitution with specific intent to accept the
offer, whether or not the offerer has the same intent.
For the crime of "soliciting a prostitute" the prosecutors
must prove that the defendant requested that another person
engage in an act of prostitution, and that the defendant
intended to engage in an act of prostitution with the other
person, and the other person received the communication
containing the request. The defendant must do something
more than just agree to engage in prostitution. The
defendant must do some act in furtherance of the agreement
to be convicted. Words alone may be sufficient to prove
the act in furtherance of the agreement to commit
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prostitution
Violation of Pen. Code § 647(b) is a misdemeanor. For a
first offense conviction of prostitution the defendant
faces up to 180 days in jail. If a defendant has one prior
conviction of prostitution he or she must receive a county
jail sentence of not less than 45 days. If the defendant
has two or more prior convictions, the minimum sentence is
90 days in the county jail.
In addition to the punishment described above, if the
defendant has a conviction of prostitution, he or she faces
fines, probation, possible professional licensing
restrictions or revocations, possible immigration
consequences, possible asset forfeiture, and possible
driving license restrictions.
Closely associated crimes to prostitution include:
abduction of a minor for prostitution (Pen. Code 267);
seduction for prostitution (Pen. Code 266); keeping a house
of prostitution (Pen. Code 315); leasing a house for
prostitution (Pen. Code 318); sending a minor to a house of
prostitution (Pen. Code 273e); taking a person against that
person's will for prostitution (Pen. Code 266a); compelling
a person to live in an illicit relationship (Pen. Code
266b); placing or leaving one's wife in a house of
prostitution (Pen. Code 266g); loitering for prostitution
(Pen. Code 653.22 subd. (a) ); pimping ( Pen. Code 266h) ;
or, pandering ( Pen. Code 266i) . Most of these crimes are
punished much more severely than the underlying
prostitution offense, particularly the crimes of pimping,
pandering, and procurement.
b) Human Trafficking Generally: Human trafficking involves
the recruitment, transportation or sale of people for
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forced labor. Through violence, threats and coercion,
victims are forced to work in, among other things, the sex
trade, domestic labor, factories, hotels and agriculture.
According to the January 2005 United States Department of
State's Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center report,
"Fact Sheet: Distinctions Between Human Smuggling and
Human Trafficking", there is an estimated 600,000 to
800,000 men, women and children trafficked across
international borders each year. Of these, approximately
80% are women and girls and up to 50% are minors. A recent
report by the Human Rights Center at the University of
California, Berkeley cited 57 cases of forced labor in
California between 1998 and 2003, with over 500 victims.
The report, "Freedom Denied", notes most of the victims in
California were from Thailand, Mexico, and Russia and had
been forced to work as prostitutes, domestic slaves, farm
laborers or sweatshop employees. [University of
California, Berkeley Human Rights Center, "Freedom Denied:
Forced Labor in California" (February, 2005).] According
to the author:
"While the clandestine nature of human trafficking makes it
enormously difficult to accurately track how many people
are affected, the United States government estimates that
about 17,000 to 20,000 women, men and children are
trafficked into the United States each year, meaning there
may be as many as 100,000 to 200,000 people in the United
States working as modern slaves in homes, sweatshops,
brothels, agricultural fields, construction projects and
restaurants."
In 2012, Californians voted to pass Proposition 35, which
modified many provisions of California's already tough
human trafficking laws. The proposition increased criminal
penalties for human trafficking, including prison sentences
up to 15-years-to-life and fines up to $1,500,000.
Additionally, the proposition specified that the fines
collected are to be used for victim services and law
enforcement. Proposition 35 requires persons convicted of
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trafficking to register as sex offenders. Proposition 35
prohibits evidence that victim engaged in sexual conduct
from being used against victims in court proceedings.
Additionally, the proposition lowered the evidential
requirements for showing of force in cases of minors.
i) Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (22 USC
Sections 7101 et seq.): In October 2000, the Trafficking
Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) was enacted and is
comprehensive, addressing the various ways of combating
trafficking, including prevention, protection and
prosecution. The prevention measures include the
authorization of educational and public awareness
programs. Protection and assistance for victims of
trafficking include making housing, educational,
health-care, job training and other federally funded
social service programs available to assist victims in
rebuilding their lives. Finally, the TVPA provides law
enforcement with tools to strengthen the prosecution and
punishment of traffickers, making human trafficking a
federal crime.
ii) Recent Update to Human Trafficking Laws: In 2012,
Californians voted to pass Proposition 35, which modified
many provisions of California's already tough human
trafficking laws. Specifically, Proposition 35 increased
criminal penalties for human trafficking offenses,
including prison sentences up to 15-years-to-life and
fines up to $1.5 million. The proposition specified that
the fines collected are to be used for victim services
and law enforcement. In criminal trials, the proposition
prohibits the use of evidence that a person was involved
in criminal sexual conduct (such as prostitution) to
prosecute that person for that crime if the conduct was a
result of being a victim of human trafficking, and makes
evidence of sexual conduct by a victim of human
trafficking inadmissible for the purposes of attacking
the victim's credibility or character in court. The
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proposition lowered the evidentiary requirements for
showing of force in cases of minors.
Proposition 35 also requires persons convicted of human
trafficking to register as sex offenders and expanded
registration requirements by requiring registered sex
offenders to provide the names of their internet
providers and identifiers, such as e-mail addresses, user
names, and screen names, to local police or sheriff's
departments. After passage of Proposition 35, plaintiffs
American Civil Liberties Union and Electronic Frontier
Foundation filed a law suit claiming that these
provisions unconstitutionally restricts the First
Amendment rights of registered sex offenders in the
states. A United States District Court judge granted a
preliminary injunction prohibiting the implementation or
enforcement of Proposition 35's provisions that require
registered sex offenders to provide certain information
concerning their Internet use to law enforcement. [Doe
v. Harris (N.D. Cal., Jan. 11, 2013, No. C12-5713) 2013
LEXIS 5428.]
iii)California Attorney General's Report on Human
Trafficking: The California Attorney General's Human
Trafficking in California 2012 report stated that human
trafficking investigations and prosecutions have become
more comprehensive and organized. There are nine human
trafficking task forces in California, composed of local,
state and federal law enforcement and prosecutors.
Data on human trafficking has improved, although the data
still does not reflect the actual extent and range of
human trafficking. Data from 2010 through 2012 collected
by the California task forces are set out in the
following chart:
California Human Trafficking Task Forces Data
2010-2012
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---------------------------------------------------------
|Investigations |2,552 |
| | |
| | |
|--------------------------------+------------------------|
|Victims Identified |1,277 |
| | |
| | |
|--------------------------------+------------------------|
|Arrests Made |1,798 |
| | |
| | |
---------------------------------------------------------
Trafficking by Category
----------------------------------------------------------
|Sex Trafficking |56% |
| | |
| | |
|--------------------------------+-------------------------|
|Labor Trafficking |23% |
| | |
| | |
|--------------------------------+-------------------------|
|Unclassified or Insufficient |21% |
|Information | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
----------------------------------------------------------
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3)Sexual Acts with Minors Regardless of the Payment of
Compensation Constitutes a Sex Crime: Sexual conduct with a
minor constitutes a felony in most instances, regardless of
whether anything of value was offered or exchanged for the
sexual acts. If the minor involved in commercial sex of was
under the age of 14, the defendant has committed the felony of
lewd conduct, with a prison term of three, six or eight years,
or five, eight or 10 years if coercion is involved (Pen. Code
§ 288, subds. (a) & (b).) Soliciting an act of prostitution
from a minor under the age of 14 could likely be prosecuted as
attempted lewd conduct. The prison or jail term for an
attempt is generally one-half the punishment for the completed
crime. Where the defendant solicited or employed a minor who
was 14 or 15 years old, and the defendant was at least 10
years older than the minor, the defendant has committed an
alternate felony-misdemeanor.
Any defined sex act - sodomy, sexual penetration, oral
copulation or sexual intercourse - with a minor is a crime.
The penalties depend on the relative ages of the defendant and
the minor and whether the crime involved some form of force,
coercion or improper advantage. A defendant charged with a
prostitution-related offense involving a minor could also be
charged and convicted of a sex crime in the same case.
Generally, because the defined sex crime and the sexual
commerce offense would involve a single transaction or act,
the defendant could only be punished for one offense - the
offense carrying the greatest penalty. (Pen. Code § 654.)
4)Minimum Specified Fines Remove Judicial Discretion and are
Subject to Penalties and Assessments: Judges are in the best
position to determine the appropriate sentence in a particular
case. The judge presiding over a particular case is an
independent arbiter of the facts and circumstances presented.
The Legislature should pause before removing this discretion
from judges, and tie their hands in particular matters. For
this reason, minimum specified fines have been generally
disfavored as a form of punishment.
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Setting the penalty, or range of penalties, for a crime is an
inherently legislative function. The Legislature does have
the power to require a minimum term or other specific
sentence. (Keeler v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 619,
631.) Sentencing, however, is solely a judicial power.
(People v. Tenorio (1970) 3 Cal.3d 89, 90-93; People v.
Superior Court (Fellman) (1976) 59 Cal.App.3d 270, 275.)
California law effectively directs judges to impose an
individualized sentence that fits the crime and the
defendant's background, attitude, and record. (Cal. Rules of
Court, rules 4.401-4.425.) This bill limits judicial
discretion and requires a minimum fine of $500 to be imposed
in each case, regardless of the facts of the case and the
defendant's record.
Also, there are penalty assessments and fees assessed on the
base fine for a crime. Assuming a defendant was fined $2,000
for engaging in prostitution as the maximum fine, the
following penalty assessments would be imposed pursuant to the
Penal Code and the California Government Code:
Base Fine:
$ 2,000
Penal Code 1464 assessment:
$ 2,000 ($10 for
every $10)
Penal Code 1465.7 surcharge:
400
(20% surcharge)
Penal Code 1465.8 assessment:
40 ($40 fee per offense)
Government Code 70372 assessment:
1,000 ($5 for every $10)
Government Code 70373 assessment:
30 ($30 for felony or misd.)
Government Code 76000 assessment:
1,400 ($7 for every $10)
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Government Code 76000.5 assessment:
400 ($2 for every $10)
Government Code 76104.6 assessment:
200 ($1 for every $10)
Government Code 76104.7 assessment:
800 ($4 for every $10)
Total Additional Fine with Assessments: $
8,270
Based on the same calculations, the total minimum fine of $500
would be $ 2,120
5)Argument in Support: According to the San Diego District
Attorney's Office, "Our office sees first-hand the impact of
prostitution in our community. We recognize there is not
enough funding to address the needs of sex trafficking
victims. We believe SB 776will go a long ways to target this
issue. Current penalties for soliciting prostitution have
done little or nothing to curtail the demand for sexual
exploitation. Under current law, an individual convicted of
soliciting prostitution is guilty of a misdemeanor with jail
time of not more than 6 months in the county jail, a fine of
not more than $1,000, or both.
"The demand in the commercial sex industry is driven primarily
by buyers. And while they are the driving force behind this
black-market industry, they are arrested and prosecuted at a
significantly lower rate than the exploited individual.
Between 2003 and 2012, nearly 125 thousand prostitution
arrests were made in California. Only one-third of those
arrests were for solicitation; two-thirds of the arrests were
prostituted females.
"a great unmet need exists for funding community-based
agencies that provide services to sex trafficking victims and
commercially sexually exploited persons. Counties are
overwhelmed by the entire commercial sex industry which
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strains already scarce public safety resources. Very little
funding is available for intervention and services for
exploited victims at the local level."
6)Argument in Opposition: According to the California Public
Defenders Association, "This bill will amend Penal Code
section 647 to require a mandatory minimum $500 fine for any
adult convicted of solicitation of prostitution. The money
would be used to fund shelters, counseling programs, and exit
programs for victims of commercial sexual exploitation and
abuse.
"Although clearly seeking a solution to a long standing
problem, SB 776 is not likely to serve as a deterrent. More
than doubling the mandatory minimum misdemeanor fine is not
warranted. With the addition of the court costs which will
double the base fine to $1,000 and the maximum fine up to
$4,000. Human trafficking is a significant problem that
deserves study and a comprehensive approach to addressing.
Simply raising fines is unlikely to make a significant
impact."
7)Prior Legislation: SB 1388 (Lieu), Statutes of 2014, Chapter
714, imposed fines for solicitation of a minor. Provisions
that would have redefined the crime of prostitution, imposed a
mandatory minimum jail sentence for a first-offense, and
imposed mandatory minimum fines for prostitution were amended
out of the bill in the Assembly Public Safety Committee.
REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION:
Support
A21 Campaign
After Hours
Bridge Network
Burning Bush Moments
California Against Slavery
California District Attorneys Association
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California Police Chiefs Association
California Statewide Law Enforcement Association
Care 18 LA
Domestic Violence Center of Santa Clara County
Free for Life
Generate Hope
Mary Magdalene Project
Miraculous Ones
Redeeming Love
San Diego District Attorney's Office
Saving Innocence
Soroptimist International of Vista, CA
Survivors for Solutions
Two Wings
World Impact
3 private individuals
Opposition
California Public Defenders Association
Analysis Prepared by:Gabriel Caswell / PUB. S. / (916)
319-3744