BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY, UTILITIES AND COMMUNICATIONS
                               Senator Ben Hueso, Chair
                                 2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:          SB 1028           Hearing Date:    4/5/2016
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          |Author:    |Hill                                                 |
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          |Version:   |3/17/2016    As Amended                              |
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          |Urgency:   |No                     |Fiscal:      |Yes             |
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          |Consultant:|Nidia Bautista                                       |
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          SUBJECT: Electrical corporations:  local publicly owned electric  
          utilities:  electrical cooperatives:  wildfire mitigation plans

            DIGEST:    This bill would require CPUC-regulated utilities to  
          file wildfire mitigation plans and requires the CPUC to vote to  
          approve and audit those plans. The bill also requires  
          publicly-owned utilities to file wildfire mitigation plans with  
          their governing boards.

          ANALYSIS:
          
          Existing law:

          1.Provides that the CPUC has regulatory authority over public  
            utilities, including electric corporations.  (California  
            Constitution, Article 3 and 4)

          2.Requires the CPUC to develop formal procedures to incorporate  
            safety in a rate case application by an electrical corporation  
            or gas corporations.  (Public Utilities Code §750)


          This bill:

           1.  Establishes a new chapter in the Public Utilities Code to  
              address wildfire mitigation and requires each electrical  
              corporation to construct, maintain and operate its electrical  
              lines and equipment in a manner that will minimize the risk of  
              catastrophic wildfire posed by electrical lines and equipment.  









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           2.  Requires electrical corporations to annually prepare a  
              wildfire mitigation plan for the upcoming compliance period,  
              which would begin roughly at the start of the fall fire  
              season.



           3.  Requires the wildfire mitigation plan to include specified  
              information, including: accounting of responsible persons for  
              executing the plan, a description of the preventive strategies  
              and programs to be adopted by the electrical corporation to  
              minimize the risk of its electric systems causing catastrophic  
              wildfires, the metrics that will be used to evaluate the  
              plan's performance, how it will monitor and audit the plan,  
              and any other information required by the CPUC. 



           4.  Requires the CPUC to accept, accept provisionally, or reject  
              the electrical corporation's wildfire mitigation plan as  
              expeditiously as possible, but no later than 30 days before  
              the start of the compliance period.





           5.  Requires the CPUC when it provisionally accepts a plan to  
              include any limitations or conditions, the timespan the  
              provisional acceptance will be in force, and other  
              requirements.





           6.  Requires the CPUC when rejecting an electrical corporation's  
              plan to allow them to resubmit a plan within 30 days.











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           7.  Authorizes the CPUC to determine the contents of the  
              electrical corporation's plan if the CPUC determines they will  
              not be able to prepare an acceptable plan.





           8.  Requires the CPUC to conduct audits to determine if the  
              electrical corporation is satisfactorily complying with its  
              plan.





           9.  Authorizes the CPUC to contract with a third-party to conduct  
              the audits, evaluate the plans or conduct inspections, and to  
              require the electrical corporation to reimburse for any  
              related expenses.





           10. Requires each publicly-owned electric utility and electrical  
              cooperative to construct, maintain, and operate is electrical  
              lines and equipment in a manner that will minimize the risk of  
              catastrophic wildfire posed by those electrical lines and  
              equipment. 



           11. Requires the governing board of the local publicly owned  
              electric utility or electrical cooperative to determine, in  
              consultation with fire department(s) or relevant agencies,  
              whether any portion of the geographical area where the  
              utility's overhead lines and equipment are located poses a  
              significant risk of catastrophic wildfire from electrical  
              lines and equipment. 













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           12. Requires the electric utility to annually present to the  
              board for its approval wildfire mitigation measures that the  
              utility will undertake should it determine that a portion of  
              its area is at risk of catastrophic wildfire.

          Background

          California wildfire and electric systems.  In October of 2007, a  
          series of large wildfires ignited and burned hundreds of thousands  
          of acres in several counties in Southern California.  The fires  
          displaced nearly one million residents, destroyed thousands of  
          homes, and took the lives of ten people and an additional seven  
          who died from efforts to evacuate or from other fire-related  
          causes.  Among the fires was the Witch Fire, one of the nation's  
          most damaging, which was ignited by power lines.  More recently,  
          the September 2015 Butte Fire - which burned over 70,000 acres in  
          Amador and Calaveras Counties, destroyed 818 structures, and  
          caused two fatalities - may have been caused by contact between an  
          electric overhead line and a tree.  According to CAL FIRE's, power  
          lines were the second-leading cause of wildfires in 2013.  
          Electrical equipment can act as an ignition source, including  
          downed power lines, arcing, and conductor contact with trees.  
          Although electric systems do not routinely cause catastrophic  
          fires, they are known to cause hundreds of small fires every year.  
           Risks for wildfires have also increased with the extended drought  
          and bark beetle infestation that has increased tree mortalities  
          and, as a result, increased the risk and fuel for wildfires.

          CPUC efforts to address wildfires.  After the 2007 fires ravaged  
          several areas of the state, in 2008, the CPUC initiated rulemaking  
          proceeding to address fires related to utility poles.  The CPUC's  
          efforts have resulted in additional requirements on utilities to  
          reduce the likelihood of fires started by or threatening utility  
          facilities, including improved vegetation management, as well as,  
          requiring the utilities to develop electric utility fire  
          prevention plans.  The first phase also adopted fire hazard maps  
          of high-risk areas in Southern California.  In May 2015, the CPUC  
          open a new rulemaking proceeding to develop and adopt fire-threat  
          maps and fire-safety regulations (R. 15-05-006). The CPUC tasked  
          CAL FIRE to oversee and select outside experts to develop a more  
          refined statewide fire hazard map.  As noted in the Scoping Memo,  
          the fire-threat map will be based on approximately 150 terabytes  
          of fire-weather data, which will be used to run millions of fire  
          simulations to build a high resolution, statewide fire-treat map.   
          The CPUC and CAL FIRE have conducted workshops to solicit feedback  








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          on the draft map.  After a couple of delays, a final map was  
          issued on February 12, 2016. Additionally, the CPUC has announced  
          a safety en banc related to utility pole safety to occur on April  
          28, 2016 in Los Angeles.  The agenda for the en banc includes  
          representatives from CAL FIRE, electric utilities, communications  
          utilities and providers and other stakeholders. 

          Performance-based rules vs. prescriptive rules.  As noted, the  
          CPUC's rulemaking efforts to address wildfires and electric  
          systems have been active since 2008, with several phases, in two  
          separate proceedings.  As the author notes, these efforts have  
          resulted in the adoption of over 70 proposed rule changes with  
          often prescriptive standards - such as dictating clearances  
          between power lines and trees. The author advocates for the need  
          to establish performance or risk-based safety rules that focus on  
          the identification of hazards and set goals, providing the  
          utilities flexibility in achieving the goals.  This approach would  
          be akin to the CPUC efforts to address pipeline safety after the  
          PG&E San Bruno fatal explosion.  A performance-based approach,  
          according to the author, would stand in contrast to the length of  
          time used in assessing individual measures with the prescriptive  
          approach.  However, it would seem reasonable that the two  
          approaches do not need to be mutual exclusive.  The  
          recommendations in this bill to require electrical corporations to  
          develop mitigation plans and have them appropriately evaluated can  
          both compliment and be informed by the efforts to establish  
          prescriptive measures.

          Prior/Related Legislation
          
          SB 1463 (Moorlach) would require the CPUC, in consultation with  
          the CAL FIRE, to use specified criteria in determining areas that  
          are at high risk from wildfires and require undergrounding of any  
          replacement, relocation or construction of transmission,  
          subtransmission, and distribution systems in those areas. The bill  
          is scheduled to be heard in this committee.

          FISCAL EFFECT:                 Appropriation:  No    Fiscal Com.:   
                            Yes          Local:          Yes


            SUPPORT:  

          Rural County Representatives of California









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          OPPOSITION:

          None received

          ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT:  The author comments that the CPUC opened a  
          proceeding meant to address wildfire prevention more than seven  
          years ago.  In the proceeding the electric and telecommunications  
          utilities have continued to be allowed to postpone discussion of  
          increased construction standards in high wildfire risk areas.  
          contrast the slowness of the CPUC's regulatory proceeding with  
          that of the electric safety regulator in the Australian state of  
          Victoria in response to catastrophic "Black Saturday" bush fires  
          of 2009.  California's electric utilities currently file annual  
          fire prevention plans with the CPUC, but these plans are of  
          varying quality, have never been evaluated to determine their  
          adequacy, and they have never been audited.

          

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