Amended in Senate March 30, 2016

Senate Bill No. 1043

Introduced by Senator Allen

(Principal coauthor: Assembly Member Williams)

February 12, 2016

An act to amend Section 25420 of, and to add Section 39735 to, the Health and Safety Code, begin insert and to amend Section 40106 of the Public Resources Code, end insert relating to biogas.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGEST

SB 1043, as amended, Allen. Renewable gas: biogas and biomethane.

(1) The California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 establishes the State Air Resources Board as the state agency responsible for monitoring and regulating sources emitting greenhouse gases. The act requires the state board to adopt regulations to require the reporting and verification of statewide greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor and enforce compliance with this program. The act requires the state board to adopt a statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit, as defined, to be achieved by 2020 equivalent to the statewide greenhouse gas emissions level in 1990. Existing law requires the state board to complete a comprehensive strategy to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants, as defined, in the state.

This bill would require the state board to consider and adopt policies to significantly increase the sustainable production and use of renewable gas, as defined, and, in so doing, would require the state board, among other things, to ensure the production and use of renewable gas provides direct environmental benefits and identify barriers to the rapid development and use of renewable gas and potential sources of funding. begin insert The bill would require the state board to develop and adopt a lifecycle accounting method for greenhouse gas and emissions of short-lived climate pollutants associated with biogas produced from forest biomass, as specified. end insert

(2) Existing law requires the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, in consultation with the state board, the Department of Toxic Substances Control, the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, and the California Environmental Protection Agency, to compile a list of constituents of concern that could pose risks to human health and that are found in biogas, as defined, at concentrations that significantly exceed the concentrations of those constituents in natural gas. Existing law requires the office to determine the health protective levels for that list, as specified, and requires the state board to identify realistic exposure scenarios and the health risks associated with those scenarios, as specified.

Existing law requires the Public Utilities Commission to adopt, by rule or order, standards for biomethane, as defined, that specify the concentrations of constituents of concern that are reasonably necessary to protect public health and ensure pipeline integrity and safety, as specified, and requirements for monitoring, testing, reporting, and recordkeeping, as specified. Existing law requires a gas corporation to comply with those standards and requirements and requires the commission to require gas corporation tariffs to condition access to common carrier pipelines on the applicable customer meeting those standards and requirements.

This bill would revise the definitions of biogas and biomethane for these purposes.

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(3) Existing law defines “biomass conversion” for purposes of the waste management laws to mean the production of heat, fuels, or electricity by the controlled combustion of, or the use of other noncombustion thermal conversion technologies on, certain listed materials.

end insert begin insert

This bill would revise that definition to add to those listed materials byproducts or residue from composting.

end insert begin insert

Existing law specifies that “biomass conversion” does not include the controlled combustion of, among other things, materials that contain sewage sludge.

end insert begin insert

This bill would delete from that exclusion the controlled combustion of materials that contain sewage sludge.

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Vote: majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal committee: yes. State-mandated local program: no.

The people of the State of California do enact as follows:

SECTION 1.  

The Legislature finds and declares all of the
following:

(a) California has enacted numerous policies to reduce emissions
of greenhouse gases and to increase the use of renewable energy
resources and renewable fuels, including the California Global
Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Division 25.5 (commencing with
Section 38500) of the Health and Safety Code), the California
Renewables Portfolio Standard Program (Article 16 (commencing
with Section 399.11) of Chapter 2.3 of Part 1 of Division 1 of the
Public Utilities Code), the Low Carbon Fuel Standard regulation
(Executive Order S-01-07 (January 19, 2007), Sections 95480 to
95490, inclusive, of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations),
an energy storage portfolio requirement (Chapter 469 of the
Statutes of 2010), emissions goals for 2030 and 2050 (Executive
Order B-30-15), and the state’s comprehensive strategy to reduce
emissions of short-lived climate pollutants (Section 39730 of the
Health and Safety Code).

(b) Natural gas, which is used for a wide variety of purposes,
including the generation of electricity, heating, cooling, industrial,
commercial, residential, and transportation fuel, causes more than
one-quarter of all emissions of greenhouse gases in California.
Methane emissions from a variety of sources, including wastewater
treatment facilities, landfills, dairies, agricultural production, and
oil and gas, represent up to 15 percent of California’s total climate
change emissions. Wildfires cause two-thirds of all black carbon
emissions, which accounts for approximately 10 percent of
begin delete California's’s end delete begin insert California’s end insert total climate change emissions.

(c) Reducing emissions of methane, black carbon, and other
short-lived climate pollutants is the most effective way to
immediately slow global warming and reduce the impacts of
climate change. Capturing and using methane (renewable gas) can
significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil
fuel use, organic waste, begin delete wildfires, end delete and petroleum-based fertilizers.
Increasing the production and use of renewable gas could reduce
emissions of greenhouse gases by tens of millions of metric tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per year.

(d) Renewable gas generated from organic waste can be used
to produce the lowest carbon transportation begin delete fuel, end delete begin insert fuel. It can also
be used to produce end insert flexible generation begin delete of electricity from a
renewable resource, end delete begin insert renewable power, end insert energy storage, and a
low-carbon gas supply for heating, cooling, and other purposes.

(e) Using forest biomass collected as part of a sustainable
forestry plan can significantly reduce the risks and impacts of
catastrophic wildfires, including black carbon emissions and air
pollution, impacts on water supply and quality, impacts on utility
and other infrastructure, threats to public safety and communities,
impacts on fisheries and wildlife, and effects on precipitation.

(f) Increasing the use of renewable gas in heavy-duty vehicles
in California can help protect disadvantaged communities in the
state by reducing toxic air contaminants and smog-forming
emissions.

(g) Renewable gas can provide significant economic benefits
to California, including job creation, an in-state source of gas,
increased energy security, revenue and energy for public agencies,
and revenue for dairies, farms, rural forest communities, and other
areas.

(h) Increasing the use of renewable gas will diversify and
decarbonize California’s gas supply.

(i) Increasing the use of renewable gas can help California to
meet the waste diversion requirements of Section 41781.3, Article
1 (commencing with Section 41780) of Chapter 6 of Part 2 of, and
Chapter 12.9 (commencing with Section 42649.8) of Part 3 of,
Division 30 of, the Public Resources Code, and the Short-Lived
Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy being developed by the State
Air Resources Board pursuant to Section 39730 of the Health and
Safety Code by using diverted organic waste to produce renewable
gas.

SEC. 2.  

Section 25420 of the Health and Safety Code is
amended to read:

25420.  

For purposes of this chapter, the following definitions
apply:

(a) “Biogas” means gas that is produced from organic waste
through anaerobic digestion or eligible conversion technologies,
consistent with Section 40106 of the Public Resources Code.

(b) “Biomethane” means the methane derived from biogas.

(c) “Board” means the State Air Resources Board.

(d) “CalRecycle” means the Department of Resources Recycling
and Recovery.

(e) “Commission” means the Public Utilities Commission.

(f) “Common carrier pipeline” means a gas conveyance pipeline
located in California that is owned or operated by a utility or gas
corporation, excluding a dedicated pipeline.

(g) “Dedicated pipeline” means a conveyance of biogas or
biomethane that is not part of a common carrier pipeline system
and that conveys biogas from a biogas producer to a conditioning
facility or an electrical generation facility.

(h) “Department” means the Department of Toxic Substances
Control.

(i) “Gas corporation” has the same meaning as defined in Section
222 of the Public Utilities Code and is subject to rate regulation
by the commission.

(j) “Hazardous waste landfill” means a landfill that is a
hazardous waste facility, as defined in Section 25117.1.

(k) “Office” means the Office of Environmental Health Hazard
Assessment.

(l) “Organic waste” means waste of biological origins, including
organic waste, as defined in Section 42649.8 of the Public
Resources Code; biomass feedstock, consistent with Section 40106
of the Public Resources Code; and livestock waste.

(m) “Person” means an individual, trust, firm, joint stock
company, partnership, association, business concern, limited
liability company, or corporation. “Person” also includes any city,
county, district, and the state or any department or agency thereof,
or the federal government or any department or agency thereof to
the extent permitted by law.

SEC. 3.  

Section 39735 is added to the Health and Safety Code,
to read:

39735.  

(a) For purposes of this section, the following terms
have the following meanings:

(1) “Biogas” has the same meaning as defined in Section 25420,
except that it does not include gas produced from forest biomass
unless begin delete is end delete it begin insert is end insert produced from forest waste remaining after all other
reasonable forest products have been produced and begin delete harvested end delete begin insert it
meets one or more of the following conditions: end insert

begin insert (A) end insert begin insert   end insert begin insert The waste was generated end insert pursuant to the Governor’s state
of emergency proclamation issued on October 30, begin delete 2015, or a
subsequent emergency order related to forests, end delete begin insert 2015. end insert

begin insert (B) end insert begin insert   end insert begin insert The waste was generated as a result of activities necessary
to clear end insert defensible space within begin delete 150 end delete begin insert 300 end insert feet of a legally permitted

begin delete structure, or a harvesting operation that advances the establishment
of a well-distributed mature forest on the site. end delete begin insert structure. end insert

begin insert

(C) The waste was produced pursuant to an approved timber
harvest plan, nonindustrial timber management plan, or working
forest management plan that will increase the average stand
diameter of residual crop trees, and the biogas produced from the
waste will provide long-term reductions in greenhouse gas and
emissions of short-lived climate pollutants pursuant to the lifecycle
accounting method specified in subdivision (c).

end insert begin insert

(D) The waste was generated from fuel reduction or ecological
forest restoration thinning activities on national forest land that
increase stand heterogeneity, create openings of less than one
acre, and increase the average stand diameter of residual trees.

end insert

(2) “Renewable gas” means biogas or synthetic gas generated
by an eligible renewable energy resource meeting the requirements
of the California Renewables Portfolio Standard Program (Article
16 (commencing with Section 399.11) of Chapter 2.3 of Part 1 of
Division 1 of the Public Utilities Code). begin insert For purposes of this
paragraph, “eligible renewable energy resource” does not include
organic waste, as defined in subdivision (l) of Section 25420. end insert

(3) “Short-lived climate pollutant” has the same meaning as
defined in Section 39730.

(b) In order to meet the state’s climate change, low-carbon fuel,
renewable energy, landfill diversion, and wildfire reduction goals,
the state board shall consider and adopt policies to significantly
increase the sustainable production and use of renewable gas. In
doing so, the state board shall do all the following:

(1) Consider adopting a low-carbon gas standard, a renewable
gas portfolio standard, public utility purchase requirements,
purchase requirements by end-use sectors, including transportation,
electrical generation, fuels refining, and public utility purchasing,
and other policies to increase the production and use of renewable
gas and to reduce the carbon intensity of the state’s gas supply.

(2) Ensure that any policy is coordinated and consistent with
existing state policies begin delete to: end delete begin insert to accomplish the following: end insert

(A) Promote renewable fuels and eligible renewable energy
resources, as defined in the California Renewables Portfolio
Standard Program (Article 16 (commencing with Section 399.11)
of Chapter 2.3 of Part 1 of Division 1 of the Public Utilities Code).

(B) Reduce life-cycle emissions of greenhouse gases and
short-lived climate pollutants and increase carbon sequestration.

(C) Divert organic waste from landfills, consistent with Section
39730 and other state policies.

(D) Reduce air and water pollution.

(E) Reduce wildfires.

(F) Promote resilient and sustainable forests.

begin insert

(G) Protect the environmental quality of natural and working
lands through sustainable cultivation, use, and application of
biological materials.

end insert begin insert

(3) Ensure, in consultation with the Department of Resources
Recycling and Recovery, that any policy recognizes that the amount
of landfill gas will decline in the future due to increased organic
waste diversion to meet the targets of the state board’s strategy
to reduce emissions of short-lived climate pollutants and other
state organic waste reduction efforts.

end insert begin delete

(3)

end delete

begin insert (4) end insert  Ensure that the production and use of renewable gas provides
direct benefits to the state’s environment by avoiding or reducing
the emission of criteria pollutants, avoiding or reducing emissions
of short-lived climate pollutants and greenhouse begin delete gases, end delete begin insert gases within
the state, end insert avoiding or reducing emissions that adversely affect the
waters of the state, avoiding or reducing nuisances associated with
the emission of odors, or helping the state to meet its landfill
diversion requirements.

begin delete

(4)

end delete

begin insert (5) end insert  Identify barriers to the rapid development and use of
renewable gas and make specific recommendations to remove
those barriers.

begin delete

(5)

end delete

begin insert (6) end insert  Coordinate with the Public Utilities Commission, the State
Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission,
publicly owned utilities, the Department of Resources Recycling
and Recovery, and the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

begin delete

(6)

end delete

begin insert (7) end insert  Identify potential sources of funding to provide incentives
for renewable gas production and use.

begin insert

(c) The state board shall develop and adopt a life cycle
accounting method for greenhouse gas and emissions of short-lived
climate pollutants associated with biogas produced from forest
biomass that meets the requirements specified in paragraph (1)
of subdivision (a). The method shall include upstream accounting
of forest carbon and shall avoid double counting of emission
reductions.

end insert

begin insert

begin insert SEC. 4. end insert   

end insert

begin insert Section 40106 of the end insert begin insert Public Resources Code end insert begin insert is
amended to read: end insert

40106.  

(a) “Biomass conversion” means the production of
heat, fuels, or electricity by the controlled combustion of, or the
use of other noncombustion thermal conversion technologies on,
the following materials, when separated from other solid waste:

(1) Agricultural crop residues.

(2) Bark, lawn, yard, and garden clippings.

(3) Leaves, silvicultural residue, and tree and brush pruning.

(4) Wood, wood chips, and wood waste.

(5) Nonrecyclable pulp or nonrecyclable paper materials.

begin insert

(6) Byproducts or residue from composting.

end insert

(b) “Biomass conversion” does not include the controlled
combustion of recyclable pulp or recyclable paper materials, or
materials that contain begin delete sewage sludge, end delete industrial sludge, medical
waste, hazardous waste, or either high-level or low-level
radioactive waste.

(c) For purposes of this section, “nonrecyclable pulp or
nonrecyclable paper materials” means either of the following, as
determined by the department:

(1) Paper products or fibrous materials that cannot be
technically, feasibly, or legally recycled because of the manner in
which the product or material has been manufactured, treated,
coated, or constructed.

(2) Paper products or fibrous materials that have become soiled
or contaminated and as a result cannot be technically, feasibly, or
legally recycled.