BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



          SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                              Senator Carol Liu, Chair
                                2015 - 2016  Regular 

          Bill No:             SB 1123            
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          |Author:    |Leyva                                                |
          |-----------+-----------------------------------------------------|
          |Version:   |February 17, 2016                       Hearing      |
          |           |Date:    March 30, 2016                              |
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          |Urgency:   |No                     |Fiscal:    |No              |
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          |Consultant:|Lynn Lorber                                          |
          |           |                                                     |
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          Subject:  Pupil instruction:  high school graduation  
          requirements


            SUMMARY
          
          This bill extends the sunset on the option for students to  
          fulfill a high school graduation requirement by successfully  
          completing a career technical education course for an additional  
          five years.

            BACKGROUND
          
          Existing law:

          1)   Requires a pupil to pass both the English language arts and  
               mathematics portions of the California High School Exit  
               Exam and complete the following courses as a condition of  
               graduating from high school:

               a)        Three years of English.

               b)        Two years of mathematics, one year of which must  
                    be Algebra I.

               c)        Two years of science, including biological and  
                    physical sciences.

               d)        Three years of social studies, including United  
                    States history and geography; world history, culture,  







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                    and geography; one semester of American government and  
                    civics, and one semester of economics.

               e)        One year of visual or performing arts, foreign  
                    language, or until July 1, 2017, career technical  
                    education.

               f)        Two years of physical education.  (Education Code  
                    § 60851, § 51225.3, and § 51224.5)

          2)   Authorizes school districts to impose additional coursework  
               requirements as a condition of graduation from high school.  
                (EC § 51225.3)

          3)   Defines "a course in career technical education" as a  
               course in a district-operated career technical education  
               program that is aligned to the career technical model  
               curriculum standards and framework adopted by the State  
               Board of Education, 


               including courses through a regional occupational center or  
               program operated by a county superintendent of schools or  
               pursuant to a joint powers agreement.  
               (EC § 51225.3)

          4)   Provides that a school or school district that currently  
               does not offer career technical education courses are not  
               required to start new career technical education programs.   
               (EC § 51225.3)

          5)   Requires the governing board of a school district or county  
               office of education that elects to allow a career technical  
               education course to satisfy a graduation requirement,  
               before offering that alternative to students, to notify  
               parents, teachers, students, and the public at a regularly  
               scheduled meeting of the all of the following:

               a)        The intent to offer career technical education  
                    courses to fulfill a graduation requirement.

               b)        The impact that offering career technical  
                    education courses will have on the availability of  
                    courses that meet the eligibility requirements for  








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                    admission to the California State University and the  
                    University of California, and whether the career  
                    technical education courses to be offered are approved  
                    to satisfy those eligibility requirements.

               c)        The distinction, if any, between the high school  
                    graduation requirements of the school district or  
                    county office of education, and the eligibility  
                    requirements for admission to the California State  
                    University or the University of California.  (EC §  
                    51225.3)

            ANALYSIS
          
          This bill extends the sunset on the option for students to  
          fulfill a high school graduation requirement by successfully  
          completing a career technical education course, from July 1,  
          2017, to July 1, 2022.

          STAFF COMMENTS
          
          1)   Need for the bill.  According to the author, "A 2006 study  
               entitled 'The Silent Epidemic: Perspectives of High School  
               Dropouts' found that students who were not interested or  
               engaged in their coursework accounted for 47% of high  
               school dropouts.  Under current law, students have the  
               option of taking a career technical education course to  
               fulfill the existing high school graduation requirement to  
               complete a course in visual or performing arts or foreign  
               language.  However, this option will expire on July 1, 2017  
               and negatively impact a student's ability to participate in  
               career technical education based courses at school.  This  
               alternative gives students another choice in their  
               education in order to help them stay engaged during high  
               school.  Research shows that students who complete both an  
               academic and a career technical education sequence of 


               courses in high school have a higher likelihood of being  
               enrolled in postsecondary education and being employed in  
               professional, managerial, or skilled jobs."

          2)   Arts, foreign language, or career technical education.   
               Successful completion of a course in visual or performing  








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               arts (VAPA) or foreign language has been a long standing  
               high school graduation requirement.  In 2011, legislation  
               was passed to authorize successful completion of a course  
               in career technical education as an alternative to VAPA or  
               foreign language, beginning with the 2012-13 school year.

          3)   Career technical education model curriculum standards.  The  
               career technical education model curriculum standards were  
               initially adopted in 2005.  The model curriculum standards  
               were then updated for alignment with the common core  
               standards and Next Generation Science Standards, and were  
               subsequently adopted by the State Board of Education in  
               2013.  The career technical education standards are  
               organized into California's 15 high-employing industry  
               sectors, and are designed to assist schools in developing  
               curriculum and measuring student achievement.  Existing law  
               requires a career technical education course, for purposes  
               of high school graduation requirements, to be aligned to  
               the career technical education model curriculum standards.   
                http://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/ct/sf/ctemcstandards.asp  

          4)   Pending report.  Existing law requires the California  
               Department of Education to submit a comprehensive report to  
               the Legislature, by July 1, 2017, on the addition of career  
               technical education courses to satisfy a graduation  
               requirement, including but not limited to the following  
               information:

               a)        A comparison of the student enrollment in career  
                    technical education courses, foreign language courses,  
                    and visual and performing arts (VAPA) courses for the  
                    2005-06 to 2011-12 school years to the student  
                    enrollment in career technical education courses,  
                    foreign language courses, and VAPA courses for the  
                    2012-13 to 2016-17 school years.

               b)        The reasons that students give for choosing to  
                    enroll in a career technical education course to  
                    satisfy a graduation requirement, as reported by  
                    school districts.

               c)        The type and number of career technical education  
                    courses that were conducted for the 2005-06 to 2011-12  
                    school years compared to the type and number of career  








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                    technical education courses that were conducted for  
                    the 2012-13 to 2016-17 school years.

               d)        The number of career technical education courses  
                    that satisfied the subject matter requirements for  
                    admission to the University of California or the  
                    California State University.

               e)        The extent to which the career technical  
                    education courses chosen by students are aligned with  
                    the California Career Technical Education 
                    Standards, and prepare students for employment,  
                    advanced training, and postsecondary education.  

               f)        The number of career technical education courses  
                    that also satisfy the VAPA requirement, and the number  
                    of career technical education courses that also  
                    satisfy the foreign language requirement.

               g)        Annual student dropout and graduation rates for  
                    the 2011-12 to 2014-15 school years.

               The pending report should provide the information necessary  
               to determine how the career technical education graduation  
               option was utilized, how it affected enrollment in visual  
               and performing arts (VAPA) courses, how it affected  
               eligibility for the California State University and the  
               University of California, and ultimately if this option  
               should continue.  This bill extends the sunset on the  
               career technical education graduation requirement option to  
               allow time for the report to be completed and contemplated  
               prior to either extending this option indefinitely or  
               eliminating it completely.

          5)   Fiscal impact.  This bill is flagged as being non-fiscal,  
               as schools are not required to offer career technical  
               education courses for the purpose of meeting a high school  
               graduation requirement.
          
          6)   Related legislation.  AB 1689 (Low) among other things,  
               requires students to complete at least one course with a  
               service learning component as a condition of graduation  
               from high school, beginning with the 2021-22 school year.   
               AB 1689 is scheduled to be heard by the Assembly Education  








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               Committee on April 6.

          7)   Prior legislation.  SB 253 (Wyland, 2010) added the option  
               for students to fulfill the VAPA high school graduation  
               requirement by successfully completing a career technical  
               education course.  SB 253 died on the Assembly Floor, as it  
               was never heard on Assembly Third Reading.

          AB 2446 (Furutani, 2010) added the option for students to  
               fulfill the VAPA high school graduation requirement by  
               successfully completing a career technical education  
               course.  AB 2446 was vetoed by Governor Schwarzenegger,  
               whose veto message read:

                    Improving and expanding Career Technical  
                    Education opportunities has been among my highest  
                    priorities.  While I am supportive of the  
                    author's intent to give career technical  
                    education a prominent place in high school  
                    graduation priorities, the final version of this  
                    bill omitted my Administration's proposed  
                    amendments that were intended to limit the new  
                    costs to school districts.  Therefore, I am  
                    concerned that this bill could be construed to  
                    impose higher costs without a fund source, which  
                    could also be interpreted as a state reimbursable  
                    mandate.  Given that school budgets are very  
                    constrained due to the recession, adding new  
                    costs at this time is not advisable.
               
               AB 554 (Furutani, 2009) increased the number of courses  
               required for high school graduation from 13 to 14 and  
               offered students a choice between a VAPA course, foreign  
               language, or career technical education to fulfill the  
               additional course requirement.  AB 554 was held on the  
               Assembly Appropriations Committee's suspense file.

               SB 672 (Torlakson, 2008) required high schools  
               participating in the California Enhanced Instructional Time  
               Program, as specified, to adopt a graduation policy  
               requiring students to complete two career technical  
               education courses.

            SUPPORT








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          Association of California School Administrators
          California Business Education Association
          California Federation of Teachers

            OPPOSITION
           
           None received.

                                      -- END --