BILL NUMBER: SB 1900 CHAPTERED BILL TEXT CHAPTER 926 FILED WITH SECRETARY OF STATE SEPTEMBER 28, 1998 APPROVED BY GOVERNOR SEPTEMBER 28, 1998 PASSED THE SENATE AUGUST 28, 1998 PASSED THE ASSEMBLY AUGUST 26, 1998 AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY AUGUST 24, 1998 AMENDED IN SENATE MAY 26, 1998 AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 14, 1998 INTRODUCED BY Senator Schiff (Coauthor: Senator Haynes) FEBRUARY 19, 1998 An act to amend Sections 1170, 1170.1, 1170.13, 1170.15, and 1170.95 of the Penal Code, relating to sentencing. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST SB 1900, Schiff. Sentencing. (1) Existing law limits the total of subordinate terms for offenses that are not violent felonies, including the offenses described in (2) below, to 5 years, except as otherwise provided by law. This bill would delete that limitation and make additional conforming changes. (2) Under existing law, if a person is convicted of a felony, and is also convicted of intimidation of a witness or victim, influencing testimony or information given to a law enforcement official, or a felony violation of soliciting the commission of certain offenses, that was committed with respect to the first felony, the subordinate term for each of these consecutive offenses shall consist of the full middle term of imprisonment for the felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall include the full term prescribed for any enhancements imposed pursuant to specified provisions for being armed with or using a deadly or dangerous weapon, or for inflicting great bodily injury. This bill would include, for purposes of this provision, the full term prescribed for any enhancements imposed pursuant to any provision for being armed with or using a deadly or dangerous weapon, or for inflicting great bodily injury. (3) This bill would incorporate additional changes in Section 1170 of the Penal Code proposed by SB 295, to be operative if SB 295 and this bill are both enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 1999, and this bill is enacted last. (4) This bill would incorporate additional changes in Section 1170.1 of the Penal Code proposed by AB 1290, to be operative if AB 1290 and this bill are both enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 1999, and this bill is enacted last. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. Section 1170 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170. (a) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that the purpose of imprisonment for crime is punishment. This purpose is best served by terms proportionate to the seriousness of the offense with provision for uniformity in the sentences of offenders committing the same offense under similar circumstances. The Legislature further finds and declares that the elimination of disparity and the provision of uniformity of sentences can best be achieved by determinate sentences fixed by statute in proportion to the seriousness of the offense as determined by the Legislature to be imposed by the court with specified discretion. (2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to preclude programs, including educational programs, that are designed to rehabilitate nonviolent, first-time felony offenders. The Legislature encourages the development of policies and programs designed to educate and rehabilitate nonviolent, first-time felony offenders consistent with the purpose of imprisonment. (3) In any case in which the punishment prescribed by statute for a person convicted of a public offense is a term of imprisonment in the state prison of any specification of three time periods, the court shall sentence the defendant to one of the terms of imprisonment specified unless the convicted person is given any other disposition provided by law, including a fine, jail, probation, or the suspension of imposition or execution of sentence or is sentenced pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1168 because he or she had committed his or her crime prior to July 1, 1977. In sentencing the convicted person, the court shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council. The court, unless it determines that there are circumstances in mitigation of the punishment prescribed, shall also impose any other term that it is required by law to impose as an additional term. Nothing in this article shall affect any provision of law that imposes the death penalty, that authorizes or restricts the granting of probation or suspending the execution or imposition of sentence, or expressly provides for imprisonment in the state prison for life. In any case in which the amount of preimprisonment credit under Section 2900.5 or any other provision of law is equal to or exceeds any sentence imposed pursuant to this chapter, the entire sentence, including any period of parole under Section 3000, shall be deemed to have been served and the defendant shall not be actually delivered to the custody of the Director of Corrections. However, that sentence shall be deemed a separate prior prison term under Section 667.5, and a copy of the judgment and other necessary documentation shall be forwarded to the Director of Corrections. (b) When a judgment of imprisonment is to be imposed and the statute specifies three possible terms, the court shall order imposition of the middle term, unless there are circumstances in aggravation or mitigation of the crime. At least four days prior to the time set for imposition of judgment, either party or the victim, or the family of the victim if the victim is deceased, may submit a statement in aggravation or mitigation to dispute facts in the record or the probation officer's report, or to present additional facts. In determining whether there are circumstances that justify imposition of the upper or lower term, the court may consider the record in the case, the probation officer's report, other reports including reports received pursuant to Section 1203.03 and statements in aggravation or mitigation submitted by the prosecution, the defendant, or the victim, or the family of the victim if the victim is deceased, and any further evidence introduced at the sentencing hearing. The court shall set forth on the record the facts and reasons for imposing the upper or lower term. The court may not impose an upper term by using the fact of any enhancement upon which sentence is imposed under any provision of law. A term of imprisonment shall not be specified if imposition of sentence is suspended. (c) The court shall state the reasons for its sentence choice on the record at the time of sentencing. The court shall also inform the defendant that as part of the sentence after expiration of the term he or she may be on parole for a period as provided in Section 3000. (d) When a defendant subject to this section or subdivision (b) of Section 1168 has been sentenced to be imprisoned in the state prison and has been committed to the custody of the Director of Corrections, the court may, within 120 days of the date of commitment on its own motion, or at any time upon the recommendation of the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms, recall the sentence and commitment previously ordered and resentence the defendant in the same manner as if he or she had not previously been sentenced, provided the new sentence, if any, is no greater than the initial sentence. The resentence under this subdivision shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council so as to eliminate disparity of sentences and to promote uniformity of sentencing. Credit shall be given for time served. (e) (1) Notwithstanding any other law and consistent with paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 1170, if the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms or both determine that a prisoner satisfies the criteria set forth in paragraph (2), the director or the board may recommend to the court that the prisoner's sentence be recalled. (2) The court shall have the discretion to resentence or recall if the court finds both of the following: (A) The prisoner is terminally ill with an incurable condition caused by an illness or disease that would produce death within six months, as determined by a physician employed by the department. (B) The conditions under which the prisoner would be released or receive treatment do not pose a threat to public safety. The Board of Prison Terms shall make findings pursuant to this subdivision before making a recommendation for resentence or recall to the court. This subdivision does not apply to a prisoner sentenced to death or a term of life without the possibility of parole. (3) Within 10 days of receipt of a positive recommendation by the director or the board, the court shall hold a hearing to consider whether the prisoner's sentence should be recalled. (4) The prisoner or his or her family member or designee may request consideration for recall and resentencing by contacting the chief medical officer at the prison or the Director of Corrections. Upon receipt of the request, if the director determines that the prisoner satisfies the criteria set forth in paragraph (2), the director or board may recommend to the court that the prisoner's sentence be recalled. The director shall submit a recommendation for release within 30 days in the case of inmates sentenced to determinate terms and, in the case of inmates sentenced to indeterminate terms, the director may make a recommendation to the Board of Prison Terms with respect to the inmates who have applied under this section. The board shall consider this information and make an independent judgment pursuant to paragraph (2) and make findings related thereto before rejecting the request or making a recommendation to the court. This action shall be taken at the next lawfully noticed board meeting. (5) Any recommendation for recall submitted to the court by the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms shall include one or more medical evaluations, a postrelease plan, and findings pursuant to paragraph (2). (6) If possible, the matter shall be heard before the same judge of the court who sentenced the prisoner. (f) Any sentence imposed under this article shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 3000 and 3057 and any other applicable provisions of law. (g) A sentence to state prison for a determinate term for which only one term is specified, is a sentence to state prison under this section. SEC. 1.5. Section 1170 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170. (a) (1) The Legislature finds and declares that the purpose of imprisonment for crime is punishment. This purpose is best served by terms proportionate to the seriousness of the offense with provision for uniformity in the sentences of offenders committing the same offense under similar circumstances. The Legislature further finds and declares that the elimination of disparity and the provision of uniformity of sentences can best be achieved by determinate sentences fixed by statute in proportion to the seriousness of the offense as determined by the Legislature to be imposed by the court with specified discretion. (2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to preclude programs, including educational programs, that are designed to rehabilitate nonviolent, first-time felony offenders. The Legislature encourages the development of policies and programs designed to educate and rehabilitate nonviolent, first-time felony offenders consistent with the purpose of imprisonment. (3) In any case in which the punishment prescribed by statute for a person convicted of a public offense is a term of imprisonment in the state prison of any specification of three time periods, the court shall sentence the defendant to one of the terms of imprisonment specified unless the convicted person is given any other disposition provided by law, including a fine, jail, probation, or the suspension of imposition or execution of sentence or is sentenced pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 1168 because he or she had committed his or her crime prior to July 1, 1977. In sentencing the convicted person, the court shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council. The court, unless it determines that there are circumstances in mitigation of the punishment prescribed, shall also impose any other term that it is required by law to impose as an additional term. Nothing in this article shall affect any provision of law that imposes the death penalty, that authorizes or restricts the granting of probation or suspending the execution or imposition of sentence, or expressly provides for imprisonment in the state prison for life. In any case in which the amount of preimprisonment credit under Section 2900.5 or any other provision of law is equal to or exceeds any sentence imposed pursuant to this chapter, the entire sentence shall be deemed to have been served and the defendant shall not be actually delivered to the custody of the Director of Corrections. The court shall advise the defendant that he or she shall serve a period of parole and order the defendant to report to the parole office closest to the defendant's last legal residence, unless the in-custody credits equal the total sentence, including both confinement time and the period of parole. The sentence shall be deemed a separate prior prison term under Section 667.5, and a copy of the judgment and other necessary documentation shall be forwarded to the Director of Corrections. (b) When a judgment of imprisonment is to be imposed and the statute specifies three possible terms, the court shall order imposition of the middle term, unless there are circumstances in aggravation or mitigation of the crime. At least four days prior to the time set for imposition of judgment, either party or the victim, or the family of the victim if the victim is deceased, may submit a statement in aggravation or mitigation to dispute facts in the record or the probation officer's report, or to present additional facts. In determining whether there are circumstances that justify imposition of the upper or lower term, the court may consider the record in the case, the probation officer's report, other reports including reports received pursuant to Section 1203.03 and statements in aggravation or mitigation submitted by the prosecution, the defendant, or the victim, or the family of the victim if the victim is deceased, and any further evidence introduced at the sentencing hearing. The court shall set forth on the record the facts and reasons for imposing the upper or lower term. The court may not impose an upper term by using the fact of any enhancement upon which sentence is imposed under any provision of law. A term of imprisonment shall not be specified if imposition of sentence is suspended. (c) The court shall state the reasons for its sentence choice on the record at the time of sentencing. The court shall also inform the defendant that as part of the sentence after expiration of the term he or she may be on parole for a period as provided in Section 3000. (d) When a defendant subject to this section or subdivision (b) of Section 1168 has been sentenced to be imprisoned in the state prison and has been committed to the custody of the Director of Corrections, the court may, within 120 days of the date of commitment on its own motion, or at any time upon the recommendation of the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms, recall the sentence and commitment previously ordered and resentence the defendant in the same manner as if he or she had not previously been sentenced, provided the new sentence, if any, is no greater than the initial sentence. The resentence under this subdivision shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council so as to eliminate disparity of sentences and to promote uniformity of sentencing. Credit shall be given for time served. (e) (1) Notwithstanding any other law and consistent with paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 1170, if the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms or both determine that a prisoner satisfies the criteria set forth in paragraph (2), the director or the board may recommend to the court that the prisoner's sentence be recalled. (2) The court shall have the discretion to resentence or recall if the court finds both of the following: (A) The prisoner is terminally ill with an incurable condition caused by an illness or disease that would produce death within six months, as determined by a physician employed by the department. (B) The conditions under which the prisoner would be released or receive treatment do not pose a threat to public safety. The Board of Prison Terms shall make findings pursuant to this subdivision before making a recommendation for resentence or recall to the court. This subdivision does not apply to a prisoner sentenced to death or a term of life without the possibility of parole. (3) Within 10 days of receipt of a positive recommendation by the director or the board, the court shall hold a hearing to consider whether the prisoner's sentence should be recalled. (4) The prisoner or his or her family member or designee may request consideration for recall and resentencing by contacting the chief medical officer at the prison or the Director of Corrections. Upon receipt of the request, if the director determines that the prisoner satisfies the criteria set forth in paragraph (2), the director or board may recommend to the court that the prisoner's sentence be recalled. The director shall submit a recommendation for release within 30 days in the case of inmates sentenced to determinate terms and, in the case of inmates sentenced to indeterminate terms, the director may make a recommendation to the Board of Prison Terms with respect to the inmates who have applied under this section. The board shall consider this information and make an independent judgment pursuant to paragraph (2) and make findings related thereto before rejecting the request or making a recommendation to the court. This action shall be taken at the next lawfully noticed board meeting. (5) Any recommendation for recall submitted to the court by the Director of Corrections or the Board of Prison Terms shall include one or more medical evaluations, a postrelease plan, and findings pursuant to paragraph (2). (6) If possible, the matter shall be heard before the same judge of the court who sentenced the prisoner. (f) Any sentence imposed under this article shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 3000 and 3057 and any other applicable provisions of law. (g) A sentence to state prison for a determinate term for which only one term is specified, is a sentence to state prison under this section. SEC. 2. Section 1170.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170.1. (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), and subject to Section 654, when any person is convicted of two or more felonies, whether in the same proceeding or court or in different proceedings or courts, and whether by judgment rendered by the same or by a different court, and a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed under Sections 669 and 1170, the aggregate term of imprisonment for all these convictions shall be the sum of the principal term, the subordinate term, and any additional term imposed for applicable enhancements for prior convictions, prior prison terms, and Section 12022.1. The principal term shall consist of the greatest term of imprisonment imposed by the court for any of the crimes, including any term imposed for applicable specific enhancements. The subordinate term for each consecutive offense which is not a "violent felony," as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall consist of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment prescribed for each other felony conviction for an offense that is not a violent felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall exclude any specific enhancements. The subordinate term for each consecutive offense which is a "violent felony," as defined in any paragraph of subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall consist of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment prescribed for each other felony conviction for an offense that is a violent felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall include one-third of the term imposed for any specific enhancements applicable to those subordinate offenses. (b) When a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed under Sections 669 and 1170 for two or more convictions for kidnapping, as defined in Section 207 or 208, involving separate victims, the aggregate term shall be calculated as provided in subdivision (a), except that the subordinate term for each subordinate kidnapping conviction shall consist of the full middle term for each kidnapping conviction for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed and shall include the full term imposed for specific enhancements applicable to those subordinate offenses. (c) In the case of any person convicted of one or more felonies committed while the person is confined in a state prison or is subject to reimprisonment for escape from custody and the law either requires the terms to be served consecutively or the court imposes consecutive terms, the term of imprisonment for all the convictions that the person is required to serve consecutively shall commence from the time the person would otherwise have been released from prison. If the new offenses are consecutive with each other, the principal and subordinate terms shall be calculated as provided in subdivision (a). This subdivision shall be applicable in cases of convictions of more than one offense in different proceedings, and convictions of more than one offense in the same or different proceedings. (d) When the court imposes a prison sentence for a felony pursuant to Section 1170, the court shall also impose the additional terms provided for any applicable enhancements. The court shall also impose any other additional term that the court determines in its discretion or as required by law shall run consecutive to the term imposed under Section 1170. In considering the imposition of the additional term, the court shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council. (e) All enhancements shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading and either admitted by the defendant in open court or found to be true by the trier of fact. (f) When two or more enhancements may be imposed for being armed with or using a dangerous or deadly weapon or a firearm in the commission of a single offense, only the greatest of those enhancements shall be imposed for that offense. This subdivision shall not limit the imposition of any other enhancements applicable to that offense, including an enhancement for the infliction of great bodily injury. (g) When two or more enhancements may be imposed for the infliction of great bodily injury in the commission of a single offense, only the greatest of those enhancements shall be imposed for that offense. This subdivision shall not limit the imposition of any other enhancements applicable to that offense, including an enhancement for being armed with or using a dangerous or deadly weapon or a firearm. (h) For any violation of paragraph (2), (3), or (6) of subdivision (a) of Section 261, paragraph (1) or (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 262, Section 264.1, subdivision (b) of Section 288, subdivision (a) of Section 289, or sodomy or oral copulation by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person as provided in Section 286 or 288a, the number of enhancements that may be imposed shall not be limited, regardless of whether the enhancements are pursuant to this section, Section 667.6, or some other section of law. Each of the enhancements shall be a full and separately served enhancement and shall not be merged with any term or with any other enhancement. SEC. 2.5. Section 1170.1 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170.1. (a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), and subject to Section 654, when any person is convicted of two or more felonies, whether in the same proceeding or court or in different proceedings or courts, and whether by judgment rendered by the same or by a different court, and a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed under Sections 669 and 1170, the aggregate term of imprisonment for all these convictions shall be the sum of the principal term, the subordinate term, and any additional term imposed for applicable enhancements for prior convictions, prior prison terms, and Section 12022.1. The principal term shall consist of the greatest term of imprisonment imposed by the court for any of the crimes, including any term imposed for applicable specific enhancements. The subordinate term for each consecutive offense which is not a "violent felony," as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall consist of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment prescribed for each other felony conviction for an offense that is not a violent felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall exclude any specific enhancements. The subordinate term for each consecutive offense which is a "violent felony," as defined in any paragraph of subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, shall consist of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment prescribed for each other felony conviction for an offense that is a violent felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall include one-third of the term imposed for any specific enhancements applicable to those subordinate offenses. (b) When a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed under Sections 669 and 1170 for two or more convictions for kidnapping, as defined in Section 207, involving separate victims, the aggregate term shall be calculated as provided in subdivision (a), except that the subordinate term for each subordinate kidnapping conviction shall consist of the full middle term for each kidnapping conviction for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed and shall include the full term imposed for specific enhancements applicable to those subordinate offenses. (c) In the case of any person convicted of one or more felonies committed while the person is confined in a state prison or is subject to reimprisonment for escape from custody and the law either requires the terms to be served consecutively or the court imposes consecutive terms, the term of imprisonment for all the convictions that the person is required to serve consecutively shall commence from the time the person would otherwise have been released from prison. If the new offenses are consecutive with each other, the principal and subordinate terms shall be calculated as provided in subdivision (a). This subdivision shall be applicable in cases of convictions of more than one offense in different proceedings, and convictions of more than one offense in the same or different proceedings. (d) When the court imposes a prison sentence for a felony pursuant to Section 1170, the court shall also impose the additional terms provided for any applicable enhancements. The court shall also impose any other additional term that the court determines in its discretion or as required by law shall run consecutive to the term imposed under Section 1170. In considering the imposition of the additional term, the court shall apply the sentencing rules of the Judicial Council. (e) All enhancements shall be alleged in the accusatory pleading and either admitted by the defendant in open court or found to be true by the trier of fact. (f) When two or more enhancements may be imposed for being armed with or using a dangerous or deadly weapon or a firearm in the commission of a single offense, only the greatest of those enhancements shall be imposed for that offense. This subdivision shall not limit the imposition of any other enhancements applicable to that offense, including an enhancement for the infliction of great bodily injury. (g) When two or more enhancements may be imposed for the infliction of great bodily injury in the commission of a single offense, only the greatest of those enhancements shall be imposed for that offense. This subdivision shall not limit the imposition of any other enhancements applicable to that offense, including an enhancement for being armed with or using a dangerous or deadly weapon or a firearm. (h) For any violation of paragraph (2), (3), or (6) of subdivision (a) of Section 261, paragraph (1) or (4) of subdivision (a) of Section 262, Section 264.1, subdivision (b) of Section 288, subdivision (a) of Section 289, or sodomy or oral copulation by force, violence, duress, menace, or fear of immediate and unlawful bodily injury on the victim or another person as provided in Section 286 or 288a, the number of enhancements that may be imposed shall not be limited, regardless of whether the enhancements are pursuant to this section, Section 667.6, or some other section of law. Each of the enhancements shall be a full and separately served enhancement and shall not be merged with any term or with any other enhancement. SEC. 3. Section 1170.13 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170.13. Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 1170.1 which provides for the imposition of a subordinate term for a consecutive offense of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment, if a person is convicted pursuant to subdivision (b) of Section 139, the subordinate term for each consecutive offense shall consist of the full middle term. SEC. 4. Section 1170.15 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170.15. Notwithstanding subdivision (a) of Section 1170.1 which provides for the imposition of a subordinate term for a consecutive offense of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment, if a person is convicted of a felony, and of an additional felony that is a violation of Section 136.1 or 137 and that was committed against the victim of, or a witness or potential witness with respect to, or a person who was about to give material information pertaining to, the first felony, or of a felony violation of Section 653f that was committed to dissuade a witness or potential witness to the first felony, the subordinate term for each consecutive offense that is a felony described in this section shall consist of the full middle term of imprisonment for the felony for which a consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed, and shall include the full term prescribed for any enhancements imposed for being armed with or using a dangerous or deadly weapon or a firearm, or for inflicting great bodily injury. SEC. 5. Section 1170.95 of the Penal Code is amended to read: 1170.95. When a subordinate consecutive term of imprisonment is imposed pursuant to Sections 669 and 1170 that involves one or more convictions for robbery where it is charged and found that in each of those robberies that the defendant personally used a deadly or dangerous weapon in the commission of that robbery, as provided in subdivision (b) of Section 12022, and each of those robberies is not a violent felony, as defined in subdivision (c) of Section 667.5, the aggregate term shall be calculated as provided in subdivision (a) of Section 1170.1, except that the subordinate term for each subordinate robbery conviction shall consist of one-third of the middle term of imprisonment and one-third of the enhancement provided in subdivision (b) of Section 12022. SEC. 6. Section 1.5 of this bill incorporates amendments to Section 1170 of the Penal Code proposed by both this bill and SB 295. It shall only become operative if (1) both bills are enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 1999, (2) each bill amends Section 1170 of the Penal Code, and (3) this bill is enacted after SB 295, in which case Section 1170 of the Penal Code as amended by SB 295, shall remain operative only until the operative date of this bill, at which time Section 1.5 of this bill shall become operative, and Section 1 of this bill shall not become operative. SEC. 7. Section 2.5 of this bill incorporates amendments to Section 1170.1 of the Penal Code proposed by both this bill and AB 1290. It shall only become operative if (1) both bills are enacted and become effective on or before January 1, 1999, (2) each bill amends Section 1170.1 of the Penal Code, and (3) this bill is enacted after AB 1290, in which case Section 2 of this bill shall not become operative.