BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







             SENATE COMMITTEE ON Public Safety
                   Senator John Vasconcellos, Chair   S
                      1999-2000 Regular Session       B

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SB 15 (Polanco)                                       
As Amended April 5, 1999 
Hearing date:  April 6, 1999
Penal Code
SH:br

                          FIREARMS  -  

             RESTRICTIONS ON "UNSAFE HANDGUNS"  


                          HISTORY

Source:   Author

Prior Legislation: SB 1500 (1998) - vetoed
             SB 500 (1997) - vetoed
             SB 933 (1996) - failed passage Assembly Public  
Safety
             SB 1118 (1995) - never heard in Senate  
Criminal Procedure
             AB 1848 (1992) - heard, no vote taken, Senate  
Judiciary

Support:  Handgun Control; Cities of Los Angeles, San Jose,  
     Thousand Oaks, San                 Clemente, Lake  
     Elsinore, San Luis Obispo, Buena Park, Palo Alto,  
     Santa                                                   
          Rosa, Oceanside, Lompoc, Merced; Alameda County  
     Board of Supervisors; City Council's of Berkeley; West  
     Hollywood, Walnut Creek,      Rohnert Park, Pismo  
     Beach, Lafayette, Los Gatos Town Council;               
          Lutheran Office of Public Policy; League of  




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     California Cities; California      Academy of Family  
     Physicians; Los Angeles County Bar Association;         
          California Organization of Police and Sheriffs;  
     Trauma Foundation;            California Police and  
     Sheriffs Association; Mayor, City of Burbank;           
     California Child, Youth and Family Coalition; Los  
     Angeles Unified          School District; Chief of  
     Police of the Town of Los Gatos and the City of         
     Monte Sereno; California Church IMPACT; Children's  
     AdvocacyInstitute; Los Angeles District Attorney's  
     Office; Older Women's              League; Chief of  
     Police of the City of Signal Hill; California Nurses    
          Association; Legal Community Against Violence;  
     Episcopal Diocese of          Los Angeles; Orange  
     County Citizens for the Prevention of Gun Violence


Opposition:                                  California  
Rifle and Pistol Association; National Rifle Association;  
California Shooting Sports Association; California  
Attorneys for Criminal                       Justice; Peace  
Officer Research Association of California; Outdoor     
Sportsmen's Coalition; Safari Club International;  
California Sportsman's                       Lobby;  
individual letters



                          KEY ISSUES
  
SHOULD THE MANUFACTURE, IMPORTATION, KEEPING FOR SALE,  
OFFERING OR EXPOSING FOR SALE, OR GIVING OR LENDING OF ANY  
"UNSAFE HANDGUN" - AS DEFINED - BE PROHIBITED IN  
CALIFORNIA, COMMENCING JULY 1, 2000?

SHOULD THE PENALTY FOR VIOLATING THAT PROHIBITION BE A  
MISDEMEANOR PUNISHABLE BY UP TO ONE YEAR IN A COUNTY JAIL?

SHOULD THOSE UNSAFE HANDGUNS BE DEFINED BY REFERENCE TO  
SPECIFIED CRITERIA INCLUDING A SAFETY DEVICE AND OTHER  




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FACTORS INCLUDING A FIRING TEST (FOR SAFETY) AND A "DROP  
SAFETY" TEST, AS SPECIFIED?

SHOULD EVERY MANUFACTURER OR IMPORTER OF HANDGUNS IN THIS  
STATE BE REQUIRED TO CERTIFY, UNDER PENALTY OF PERJURY AND  
ANY OTHER REMEDY PROVIDED AT LAW, THAT ANY HANDGUN  
MANUFACTURED OR IMPORTED IS NOT A PROHIBITED UNSAFE HANDGUN  
PURSUANT TO THIS BILL

SHOULD THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE (DOJ) BE REQUIRED TO  
CERTIFY, ON OR BEFORE JULY 1, 2000, LABORATORIES TO VERIFY  
COMPLIANCE WITH THIS BILL?

SHOULD THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BE REQUIRED TO PREPARE A  
ROSTER, ON AND AFTER JULY 1, 2000, OF ALL HANDGUNS WHICH  
ARE DETERMINED NOT TO BE UNSAFE HANDGUNS PURSUANT TO THIS  
BILL?

SHOULD TRANSFERS BETWEEN PRIVATE PARTIES - AND OTHER  
SPECIFIED TRANSFERS AND SPECIFIED FIREARMS - BE EXEMPTED  
FROM THE PROPOSED RESTRICTIONS ON "UNSAFE HANDGUNS"?

                                                 (CONTINUED)



SHOULD LEGISLATIVE INTENT BE ENACTED THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PURSUE AN  
INTERNAL LOAN FROM SPECIAL FUND REVENUES AVAILABLE TO THE DEPARTMENT TO COVER  
STARTUP COSTS FOR THE NEW UNSAFE HANDGUN PROGRAM AND REPAY ANY LOAN WITH THE  
PROCEEDS OF FEES COLLECTED UNDER THAT PROGRAM WITHIN 6 MONTHS?

SHOULD RELATED CHANGES BE MADE?


                          PURPOSE

The purpose of this bill is to enact restrictions on the  
manufacture, importation, or sale of "unsafe handguns" - as  
defined in this bill - in California commencing July 1,  
2000, as specified.




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  Under existing law  it is an alternate misdemeanor/felony  
("wobbler") to manufacture, import, sell, loan or possess  
specified disguised firearms and other deadly weapons,  
including plastic firearms, cane or wallet guns, flechette  
darts, multiburst trigger activators, nunchakus,  
short-barreled shotguns and rifles, leaded canes, zip guns,  
unconventional pistols, cane blackjacks and metal knuckles.  
 A violation is punishable by sixteen months, two or three  
years in prison, or up to one year in county jail.  (Penal  
Code section 12020)

  Existing law  generally requires that any sale, loan, or  
transfer of a firearm shall be made through a licensed  
firearms dealer or, in counties of fewer than 200,000  
persons, a sheriff's department that elects to provide such  
services.  (Penal Code sections 12071, 12072, 12082, 12084)

  Existing law  states it is the intention of the Legislature  
to occupy the whole field of
regulation of the registration or licensing of commercially  
manufactured firearms as encompassed by the provisions of  
the Penal Code, and such provisions shall be exclusive of  
all local regulations, relating to registration or  
licensing of commercially manufactured firearms, by any  
political subdivision, as defined.  (Government Code  
section 53071)

  This bill  would do the following:

 commencing July 1, 2000, make it a misdemeanor -  
  punishable by up to one year in a county jail - for any  
  person to manufacture or cause to be manufactured, import  
  into the state for sale, keep for sale, offer or expose  
  for sale, give, or lend any unsafe handgun, except as  
  specified.

 defines "unsafe handgun" to mean any pistol, revolver, or  
  other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person  
  which either (1) for revolvers: does not have a safety  




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  device to cause the hammer to retract from contact with  
  the primer, as specified; (2) for pistols (whether  
  semi-automatic or not): does not have a positive manually  
  operated safety device; (3) does not meet a specified  
  firing requirement; (4) does not meet a specified drop  
  safety requirement.

 requires every person licensed to manufacture firearms  
  pursuant to federal law who manufactures firearms in this  
  state and every person who imports into the state for  
  sale, keeps for sale, or offers or exposes for sale any  
  firearm to certify under penalty of perjury that every  
  model, kind, class, style, or type of pistol, revolver,  
  or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the  
  person that he or she manufactures or imports, keeps, or  
  exposes for sale is not a prohibited unsafe handgun.
 
 requires any pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable  
  of being concealed upon the person manufactured in this  
  state, imported into the state for sale, kept for sale,  
  or offered or exposed for sale, to be tested by an  
  independent laboratory certified by the Department of  
  Justice to determine whether that firearm meets or  
  exceeds specified standards defining unsafe handguns.

 requires the Department of Justice to certify  
  laboratories for this purpose on or before July 1, 2000.

 requires the Department of Justice, on and after July 1,  
  2000, to compile, publish, and thereafter maintain a  
  roster listing all of the pistols, revolvers, and other  
  firearms capable of being concealed upon the person that  
  are not unsafe handguns by the manufacturer, model  
  number, and model name; authorizes the department to  
  charge every person in this state who is licensed as a  
  manufacturer of firearms pursuant to federal law, and any  
  person in this state who manufactures or causes to be  
  manufactured, imports into the state for sale, keeps for  
  sale, or offers or exposes for sale any pistol, revolver,  
  or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the  




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  person in this state, an annual fee not exceeding the  
  costs of preparing, publishing, and maintaining the  
  roster.

 exempts from the limitations on such handguns (1)  
  prototypes which are to be tested by a laboratory to  
  determine whether the handgun is prohibited by this bill;  
  (2) law enforcement and others handling the weapon to  
  determine whether or not it is prohibited by this bill;  
  (3) firearms which are curios or relics pursuant to  
  federal regulations.

 exempts from the transfer limitations in this bill  
  transfers between private parties through dealers/law  
  enforcement agencies; transfers between parties otherwise  
  exempt from the requirement that transfer be made through  
  a dealer or law enforcement agency (limited duration  
  loans between known parties, loans for hunting season,  
  etc); and transfers pertaining to those handguns exempted  
  in new provisions added by this bill (such as delivery to  
  DOJ of weapons being tested).

 states the intent of the Legislature that the Department  
  of Justice pursue an internal loan from special fund  
  revenues available to the department to cover startup  
  costs for the unsafe handgun program established pursuant  
  to the bill and that the department is to repay any loan  
  with the proceeds of fees collected under that program  
  within six months.

 makes numerous related additions to law.

                          COMMENTS


1.   Need for This Bill  

The author submits that:

     Senate Bill 15 is a common sense, responsible gun law.  




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      It requires that weapons fire when they are supposed  
     to and that they not fire when dropped.  The drop test  
     is based on U.S. Department of Justice quality  
     standards for law enforcement weapons and the misfire  
     test is a slightly more lenient standard than  
     currently used by law enforcement agencies.  The tests  
     are fair and reasonable for weapons sold to members of  
     the public for self-protection.  If a weapon is not  
     reliable for self-defense, it has no business being  
     sold in California.

     SB 15 would require any handgun manufactured in  
     California, imported into the State of California for  
     sale, kept for sale or exposed for sale, given or  
     lent, meet these basic standards.  The Attorney  
     General's office would be required to certify  
     independent labs that would test weapons that  
     manufacturers wished to sell in California.  If they  
     failed to pass the test it would be a misdemeanor to  
     manufacture or sell the weapons in our state.

2.   Governor's Veto of SB 500 and SB 1500

  The Governor's veto message of SB 500 (9/26/97) included,  
in part, the following:
  
      SB 500 is a bill that purports to protect gun users  
     against shoddy guns.  It is essentially offered as  
     consumer protection.  But the vast majority of the  
     proponents of SB 500 who have urged me to sign it have  
     done so because of their passionate hope and belief  
     that it will instead protect potential victims against  
     whom the proscribed guns might otherwise be used.

     Common sense dictates that the best way to prevent gun  
     crimes is by first removing from society the criminals  
     who use guns in the commission of a
     crime. . . 

     . . . not only does SB 500 fail to keep guns out of  




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     the hands of criminals, it will deprive law-abiding,  
     legitimate gun users of the needed protection of  
     handguns--the same handguns used by thousands of peace  
     officers as regular service and back-up guns.  These  
     weapons would--in a private citizen's hands--be caught  
     in a net cast much too wide by SB 500.

     . . . I will not support a measure that fails the  
     basic test of protecting the innocent.  Ultimately,  
     the real test applied by the bill is whether or not  
     the weapon is readily concealable.  If so, it is  
     adjudged by SB 500 to be "non-sporting" and is  
     therefore prohibited.  By this definition and test,  
     all handguns--except, ironically, the largest and  
     deadliest--are included in the ban.  The clear if  
     unstated premise of this test is that handguns that  
     are concealable can have no sporting purpose and  
     therefore no valid purpose.  This flawed logic ignores  
     reality: it ignores the obvious fact that millions of  
     law-abiding Californians--including a growing number  
     of women--have felt the need to own concealable  
     weapons not for sport but to protect themselves, their  
     families, and their property.

     As much as I deplore the necessity, I cannot in good  
     conscience deny them that protection if they choose  
     it.

NOTE:  The author indicated concerning SB 1500 from 1998  
that:  "In response to the Governor's concerns [with SB  
500], . . . I have introduced Senate Bill 1500.  It casts a  
smaller net, it addresses the Governor's concerns and it  
seeks to ensure that those who choose to own a handgun for  
self protection have a handgun that is safe and reliable."  
  
The Governor's veto message of SB 1500 (9/27/98) includes  
the following:

  . . . This bill is the successor to SB 500, which I  
  vetoed last year.  SB 500 was seriously flawed.   




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  Commendably, the author has removed some of its more  
  egregious provisions. . . .

  . . . The bill gives the Department of Justice six months  
  to find and certify laboratories to perform safety tests.  
   Once laboratories are identified, handgun manufacturers  
  wishing to sell their products in California would be  
  required to submit three prototypes of each model for  
  testing.  Only handguns passing the test during the  
  following six months would be certified and placed on the  
  initial Department of Justice roster.  All other handguns  
  would be presumed unsafe subject to penalty under this  
  bill and remain so unless and until they were certified  
  to have passed the test.

  The author was advised that this Administration could  
  accept both the premise of safety testing and the  
  specific safety tests proposed, provided that the bill be  
  made prospective, impacting handguns manufactured, or  
  sold new, after January 1, 2000.  The author declined to  
  amend his bill, insisting that used handguns could be  
  sold through private transactions, but not by licensed  
  dealers.  Other than improving business for gun  
  manufacturers by increasing demand for new guns, it is  
  unclear how anyone would benefit by this arbitrary  
  standard. . .  

  SB 1500 would deny owners of used handguns access to a  
  dependable marketplace of licensed firearms dealers and  
  pawnbrokers for safe and legal sales and loans, while  
  threatening to delay market access to manufacturers and  
  purchasers of new guns. . . 

  But an even more fundamental question is whether consumer  
  safety is better achieved by a program that offers  
  manufacturers market incentives to have their products  
  tested, or a program that penalizes not only makers of  
  products that fail the test, but also those who through  
  no fault of theirs have been unable to get their guns  
  tested. . . .  




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  . . .There are few laboratories that perform this kind of  
  testing now.  With the manufacturers providing the cost  
  of testing, the number of laboratories and testing  
  capacity may increase.  But in the meantime, there are  
  hundreds, if not thousands, of makes and models of  
  handguns.  There is a very real possibility that  
  delay--for any number of reasons beyond the control of  
  gun maker--will lead to a large number of guns being  
  banned without any showing that they are unsafe.

  . . .While there have been isolated reports of firearms  
  which jam excessively and even a few reports of guns  
  which discharge accidentally, when dropped, or explode in  
  the shooter's hand, the number of makes of suspect guns  
  does not seem to justify a regulatory scheme that is  
  likely to have the unintended consequence of prohibiting,  
  or at least unreasonably holding up, sales of what  
  clearly appears to be the vast majority of perfectly  
  reliable weapons.

  . . .And there is no objection to weapons testing.  But  
  the procedure which SB 1500 would impose threatens to  
  unreasonably limit the right of law abiding citizens to  
  obtain previously lawful firearms.  It makes little sense  
  for the law to deny weapons to people who need them, on  
  the pretext that they are unsafe to the user until  
  testing proves them safe, when they are arguably in far  
  greater danger from certifiably unsafe thugs than from  
  uncertified handguns.

3.   Federal Regulation of "Saturday Night Specials"
  
At the federal level, the importation of "Saturday Night  
Specials" into the United States has been banned through  
the enactment of the Gun Control Act of 1968.  Section 925  
(d)(3) of the Act provides that a firearm shall be imported  
if it is of a type ". . .generally recognized as  
particularly suitable for, or readily adaptable to,  
sporting purposes."  The phrase "sporting purposes" has  




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been defined to eliminate small, cheap, poorly constructed  
handguns.

A set of factoring criteria was designed to prevent the  
import of these handguns, considered a substantial crime  
problem in the 1960s.  The factoring criteria are based on  
a relatively simple point system.  First, the firearm must  
meet all of the prerequisites.  If it is a pistol, it must  
have a manually operated safety device.  The combined  
length and height must be not less than ten inches with the  
height being at least four inches and the length at least  
six inches.  If the firearm is a revolver, it must pass the  
safety test and have an overall frame length of at least  
four and one half inches and a barrel length of at least  
three inches.

In addition, a point value is assigned to the handgun's  
individual characteristics such as length of barrel,  
overall length, frame construction, weight, caliber, safety  
features, type of sight, trigger, hammer and grip.


Generally, the handguns passing the criteria are bigger,  
heavier and of a better quality than "Saturday Night  
Specials."  The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms  
(Secretary of the Treasurer or his/her delegate) also may  
grant exemptions to these requirements, as specified.


Under the proposed federal Handgun Violence Prevention Act  
of 1989, the above criteria would have applied to handguns  
produced in the United States.  However, this federal  
legislation was defeated.

4.   Exemption for Old West Revolvers

  This bill contains an exemption for "old west"  
single-action revolvers and replicas of those revolvers.   
SB 15 contains the following language:





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     Penal Code section 12131.  The provisions of this  
     chapter shall not apply to a single-action revolver  
     that has at least a five-cartridge capacity with a  
     barrel length of not less than three inches, and meets  
     any of the following specifications:  

     (a)  Was originally manufactured prior to 1900 and is  
        a curio or relic, as defined in Section 178.11 of  
        Title 27 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
     (b)  Has an overall length measured parallel to the  
     barrel of at least seven and one-
        half inches when the handle, frame or receiver, and  
       barrel are assembled.
     (c)   Has an overall length measured parallel to the  
     barrel of at least seven and
        one-half inches when the handle, frame or receiver,  
        and barrel are assembled and that is currently  
        approved for importation into the United States  
        pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of  
        subsection (d) of Section 925 of Title 18 of the  
        United States Code.

5.   Implementation Dates in This Bill  

If enacted, this bill would take effect on January 1, 2000.  
 This bill contains several "operative" dates within its  
text:

 July 1, 2000 - restrictions/penalties for selling,  
  manufacturing, etc., of unsafe handguns take effect.

 July 1, 2000 - DOJ shall certify laboratories to verify  
  compliance with standards.

 July 1, 2000 - on/after this date, DOJ shall publish a  
  roster of firearms, which are "not unsafe firearms".

WOULD THE DATES SET IN THIS BILL ALLOW FOR THE APPROPRIATE  
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW PROGRAM, E.G., WOULD FIREARMS BE  
TESTED BY JULY 1, 2000, WHEN THE LABORATORIES DO NOT HAVE  




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TO BE CERTIFIED FOR TESTING UNTIL THAT DATE?

6.   Definition of "Any Person Who Imports" in This Bill  

This bill exempts sales of "unsafe handguns" between  
private parties.  Most of those weapons may be anticipated  
to be handguns manufactured before January 1, 2000.  This
bill would prohibit all "unsafe handgun" manufacturing,  
importing, or selling by licensed manufacturers and  
licensed dealers after January 1, 2000, no matter when the  
handgun is manufactured.

However, there is now a new Penal Code section reference to  
"importer".  Private parties moving to California after  
January 1, 1998, who possess a handgun must now report that  
firearm to the Department of Justice within 60 days of  
bringing the handgun into the state.  Those persons are now  
defined in statute as a "personal handgun importer."   
Whether or not those persons would be considered an  
"importer" pursuant to this bill is unclear, although this  
bill does appear to be aimed at commercial persons.

7.   Other Issues Raised by This Bill  

Under existing Government Code section 53071, some local  
entities have adopted restrictions on the local sale by  
licensed dealers of so-called "Saturday Night Specials"  
(see reference to San Jose ordinance in the second  
paragraph, below).  This bill would appear to preempt any  
such local ordinance, both those already in existence and  
any proposed locally in the future

SB 500, as introduced on February 20, 1997, would have  
restricted sales in California of handguns which would have  
otherwise failed to meet the federal test for importation  
into the United States.  Previous efforts to restrict  
so-called "Saturday Night Specials" took a similar approach  
or used such tests as the tensile strength of metals.  As  
SB 500 and
SB 1500 evolved in the process, the approach taken became  




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one of size restrictions and "safety" tests, which were  
developed using tests used for law enforcement weapons.   
Subsequently, the size criteria were deleted from SB 1500  
and are not part of SB 15 as currently amended.

Some local jurisdictions in California have existing  
restrictions on specified weapons.  For example, the City  
of San Jose has a local ordinance entitled "Saturday Night  
Special/Junk Gun Sale Ban" (SJ Code, Chapter 10.33) which  
uses several characteristics, including metal strength and  
composition and for semi-automatic pistols a requirement  
for a "locked breech action" with the chief of police  
maintaining a roster of prohibited weapons and an appeals  
process to the chief.

The San Jose ordinance is relatively simple in that it  
states in colloquial terms the types of weapons it is  
intended to restrict and then uses a relatively simple set  
of criteria.  It may be unclear whether or not that kind of  
approach would or would not be as effective as the "safety  
test" procedures proposed in this bill or whether or not  
this bill would be over or under inclusive of the types of  
handguns which the sponsors and supporters would seek to  
                                                              prohibit in California.

As indicated in last year's SB 1500 veto message, there has  
been some discussion of whether or not the application of  
the restrictions in SB 1500 and this year's SB 15 would  
effectively eliminate the used handgun market for all those  
handguns - lawfully sold/possessed prior to the testing  
requirements of this bill - which could be sold between  
private parties through dealers/law enforcement agencies  
but which could not be purchased by licensed dealers for  
resale in California.  It may be assumed that there is  
little likelihood that anyone would pay for certification  
of weapons which are "used" and not substantially the same  
as new weapons offered for sale and manufactured after July  
1, 2000, if this bill is enacted.

At the present time, firearms may be pawned and  




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subsequently returned to the person who pawned them.  This  
bill would arguably restrict such "returns" for handguns  
lawfully possessed prior to the restrictions imposed by  
this bill.








































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8.   Opposition to This Bill  

The National Rifle Association (NRA) letter in opposition  
includes:

  As currently constructed, SB 15 would provide a strong  
  stimulus for illegal "street" gun sales.  Most used  
  handguns made since 1946 would not be submitted for  
  certification as required by SB 15 and thus could not be  
  legally sold by retail firearm dealers.  Pawnshops would  
  not give loans on handguns that they couldn't sell if not  
  picked up by the owner.  Without access to retail  
  firearms dealers (including pawnshops) the obvious  
  alternative is "street sales".

The California Rifle and Pistol Association letter in  
opposition to SB 15 includes:

  . . .Its prohibition on dealer sales of used handguns not  
  meeting the bills extremely broad provisions would make  
  handguns economically unavailable to many persons who do  
  not have large incomes.  . . .Whether a handgun meets the  
  proposed SB 15 standards in most cases would have no  
  relevance to its suitability for its intended purpose. .  
  .SB 15 requires that both civilian and law enforcement  
  handguns have the same standards. . .SB 15 would not  
  significantly improve any product line nor would it  
  prevent the occasional occurrence of a defective part.   
  But, it would unjustly have an adverse impact on lawful  
  residents of California who need a handgun for lawful  
  purposes but cannot afford the expensive models. . .

The California Shooting Sports Association letter in  
opposition indicates that SB 15 would not reduce crime nor  
improve public safety.

9.   Related Legislation  

AB 505 (Wright) is currently in the Assembly Committee on  











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Public Safety.  It would require every model of pistol,  
revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon  
the person that is manufactured for sale in California on  
or after July 1, 2000, to satisfy specified safety tests  
and standards, with a system of self-certification by the  
manufacturer or importer and specified penalties.

10.   Need to Revise the Legislative Counsel's Digest  

The Legislative Counsel's digest of this bill as amended on  
April 5, 1999, on line six of the first page indicates that  
"commencing January 1, 2000" the limitations on "unsafe  
handguns" takes effect; the text in fact sets that date at  
July 1, 2000 (page 3, line 8).  Thus the Digest should be  
corrected as this bill is amended or moves through the  
process.

11.   Other Firearms Bills Imposing Duties on the Attorney  
General/Department of Justice  

Other firearms bills this session which would require the  
Attorney General/Department of Justice to take on tasks, in  
addition to SB 15, include SB 23 (registration and other  
elements of the assault weapons program), SB 130 and AB 106  
(certification of laboratories to test firearms safety  
devices; other duties), and AB 505 (California Sporting and  
Self Defense Handgun Safety Standards Act).


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