BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                       


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                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 732
          Author:   Wayne (D)
          Amended:  As introduced
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE  :  6-1, 7/3/01
          AYES:  Escutia, Ackerman, Kuehl, O'Connell, Peace, Sher
          NOES:  Haynes

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  76-0, 5/10/01 (Consent)  -  See last page  
            for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Settlement offers

           SOURCE  :     State Attorney General's Office
                      California District Attorneys' Association
                      Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office


           DIGEST  :    This exempts prosecutors in civil enforcement  
          actions from the laws requiring parties to civil suits who  
          decline pretrial settlement offers, and then fail to obtain  
          a more favorable judgment at trial, to pay the post-offer  
          costs of the party who offered the settlement.

           ANALYSIS  :     Existing law provides that, not less than 10  
          days before trial or arbitration of a civil action, any  
          party may serve an offer in writing upon any other party to  
          the action to allow judgment to be taken or an award to be  
          entered in accordance with the terms of the offer.  [CCP  
          Sec. 998(b).] 
           
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           Existing law further provides that if such an offer made by  
          a defendant is not accepted, and the plaintiff fails to  
          obtain a more favorable judgment or award, the plaintiff  
          shall not recover his or her post-offer costs and shall pay  
          the defendant's costs from the time of the offer.  In  
          addition, in any case other than an eminent domain  
          proceeding, the court in its discretion may require the  
          plaintiff to pay the reasonable costs of the defendant's  
          expert witnesses incurred before and during trial.  [CCP  
          Sec. 998(c)(1).]

          Existing law further provides that costs awarded under  
          subsection (c)(1) shall be deducted from any damages  
          awarded to the plaintiff.  [CCP Sec. 998(e).]

          Existing law further provides that if such an offer made by  
          a plaintiff is not accepted, and the defendant fails to  
          obtain a more favorable judgment or award, the court in its  
          discretion may require the defendant to pay the plaintiff's  
          costs, including the reasonable costs of the plaintiff's  
          expert witnesses.  [CCP Sec. 998(d).]

          Existing law exempts from the provisions of this statute an  
          offer made by a plaintiff in an eminent domain action.   
          [CCP Sec. 998(g).]
          
          This bill further exempts from the provisions of this  
          statute "any enforcement action brought in the name of the  
          people of the State of California by the Attorney General,  
          a district attorney, or a city attorney, acting as a public  
          prosecutor."

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  No    
          Local:  No

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  7/6/01)

          State Attorney General's Office (co-source)
          California District Attorneys' Association (co-source)
          Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office (co-source)

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    According to the Los Angeles  
          District Attorney's Office, co-sponsor of this bill,  
          Section 998 was enacted in 1971 to address the problem of  







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          unreasonable private litigants burdening the courts with  
          trials in tort and contract lawsuits, where reasonable  
          parties could have agreed on money damages and avoided  
          trial.  Over the years, Section 998's sanctions have been  
          applied many times in private lawsuits, but never to the  
          civil enforcement actions brought by prosecutors under  
          state laws banning unfair competition, deceptive business  
          practices, fraud, public health threats, and environmental  
          degradation.

          The co-sponsors say the accepted view has been that civil  
          enforcement actions are exempt because, among other  
          reasons, Section 998 speaks of offsetting costs against the  
          plaintiff's award of "damages."  In civil enforcement  
          actions, prosecutors are empowered to seek only  
          injunctions, restitution and civil penalties -- not  
          damages.
            
          Recently, however, a Los Angeles trial judge ordered the  
          Attorney General's office to pay $513,302 in Section 998  
          sanctions after a civil enforcement action under unfair  
          competition statutes against a "living trust" organization  
          that took advantage of elderly citizens.  Ironically, the  
          Attorney General won a major judgment against several  
          defendants, including extensive victim restitution and $2.5  
          million in penalties, but lost a complex alter ego cause of  
          action against one entity.  Having refused a settlement  
          offer from the combined defendants, the Attorney General  
          was liable for sanctions as to the one defendant, despite  
          having won a resounding victory overall.  Although this  
          case is being appealed, the co-sponsors believe this issue  
          needs to be resolved legislatively.  

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  
          AYES:  Aanestad, Alquist, Ashburn, Bates, Bogh, Briggs,  
            Calderon, Bill Campbell, John Campbell, Canciamilla,  
            Cardenas, Cardoza, Cedillo, Chan, Chavez, Cogdill, Cohn,  
            Corbett, Correa, Cox, Daucher, Diaz, Dickerson, Dutra,  
            Firebaugh, Florez, Frommer, Goldberg, Harman, Havice,  
            Hollingsworth, Jackson, Keeley, Kehoe, Kelley, Koretz, La  
            Suer, Leach, Leonard, Leslie, Longville, Lowenthal,  
            Maddox, Maldonado, Matthews, Migden, Mountjoy, Nakano,  
            Nation, Negrete McLeod, Oropeza, Robert Pacheco, Rod  
            Pacheco, Papan, Pavley, Pescetti, Reyes, Richman, Runner,  







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            Salinas, Shelley, Simitian, Steinberg, Strickland,  
            Strom-Martin, Thomson, Vargas, Washington, Wayne, Wesson,  
            Wiggins, Wright, Wyland, Wyman, Zettel, Hertzberg


          RJG:kb  7/6/01   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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