BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                       


           ------------------------------------------------------------ 
          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  AB 1589|
          |Office of Senate Floor Analyses   |                         |
          |1020 N Street, Suite 524          |                         |
          |(916) 445-6614         Fax: (916) |                         |
          |327-4478                          |                         |
           ------------------------------------------------------------ 
           
                                         
                                 THIRD READING


          Bill No:  AB 1589
          Author:   Simitian (D)
          Amended:  8/28/01 in Senate
          Vote:     21

           
           SENATE BUSINESS & PROFESSIONS COMMITTEE :  5-0, 6/25/01
          AYES: Figueroa, Johannessen, Machado, O'Connell, Polanco

           SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE  :  5-1, 8/21/01
          AYES:  Escutia, Ackerman, Kuehl, O'Connell, Sher
          NOES:  Haynes

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  Senate Rule 28.8

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  75-0, 5/24/01 (Passed on Consent) - See  
            last page for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Healing arts:  electronic transmission of  
          prescriptions

           SOURCE  :     Author


           DIGEST  :    This bill requires the Medical Board in  
          consultation with the Board of Pharmacy to conduct a study  
          on the electronic transmission of prescriptions by  
          physicians and other health care providers.

           ANALYSIS  :    This bill:

          1.Makes Legislative findings that in 1993, approximately  
            7,000 deaths occurred in the United States as a result of  
                                                           CONTINUED





                                                               AB 1589
                                                                Page  
          2

            medication errors.  

          2.Makes further findings that illegible prescriptions  
            result in more than 150 million inquiries each year by  
            pharmacists for clarification of the prescription and  
            that while technology exists or electronic transmission  
            of prescriptions, less than 5 percent of physicians and  
            surgeons use this technology.  

          3.Requires the Medical Board to consult with the Board of  
            Pharmacy and commission a study that evaluates the  
            electronic transmission of prescriptions by physicians  
            and surgeons and report its results to the Legislature on  
            or before January 1, 2003.

          4.Specifies that the reports should include recommendations  
            on whether the electronic transmission of prescriptions  
            should be encouraged, methods to encourage physicians and  
            surgeons, other specified health care providers, and  
            persons licensed to prescribe in another state to use  
            this method to transmit prescriptions and identify  
            systems to protect confidential, personal, and medical  
            information of patients, including the issuance of a  
            "digital certification."

          5.Defines "digital certification" as an electronic  
            signature that verifies the identity of the physician and  
            surgeon, other specified health care provider, or person  
            licensed to prescribe in another state who is  
            transmitting the prescription electronically. 

           Comments  :

          According to the author, the Assembly Health Committee has  
          been researching various E-health issues, including  
          E-prescription issues.  The Palo Alto Medical Foundation  
          has begun testing a new Web-based system that allows  
          patients to view their own medical records, request  
          appointments and renew prescriptions on line.  The author  
          further explains that New Jersey is considering new rules  
          to allow physicians to E-mail prescriptions to a pharmacy,  
          a move aimed at reducing errors caused by illegible  
          handwriting.  Also, as the industry explores options to  
          make health care delivery more efficient and  







                                                               AB 1589
                                                                Page  
          3

          cost-effective, there is a need to develop standard  
          protocols regarding signature verification, security, and  
          interfacing with current requirements relative to  
          prescribing drugs or oversight of drug prescription will  
          become unsound.

          In November of 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM)  
          released a report, "To Err is Human:  Building a Safer  
          Health System," which found that approximately 7,000  
          hospital patients die annually across the country from  
          preventable medication-related errors.  The IOM report  
          found that 2 out of every 100 hospital patients will die or  
          be injured as a result of preventable medication errors,  
          and that each medication error increases the cost of a  
          hospital stay by an average of $4,700.  The IOM report  
          included several recommendations to address the  
          medication-related errors, including that health care  
          organizations and the professionals affiliated with them  
          establish patient safety programs which incorporate  
          well-understood safety principles, such as standardizing  
          and simplifying equipment, supplies, and processes, and  
          that health care organizations implement proven medication  
          safety practices 

          A white paper from the Institute for Safe Medications  
          Practices (ISMP) called for the elimination of handwritten  
          prescriptions within 3 years.  The ISMP paper stated that  
          the health care industry has been slow to adopt new  
          technologies, and that prescription writing is perhaps the  
          most important paper transaction remaining in our  
          increasingly digital society.  The ISMP argues that the  
          hurdles until very recently have been clinicians' reticence  
          about computers, a lack of hardware and software that would  
          conveniently allow prescribers to select medications  
          electronically, and fear of the costs associated with such  
          technology.  The ISMP asserts that fortunately, the advent  
          of wireless hand-held devices is making it increasingly  
          possible to solve the "handwriting crisis," perhaps on all  
          three counts. 

           Related Pending Legislation  :  

          AB 1490 (Thomson) - would provide for patients to access  
          laboratory test results online.  This bill is on Senate  







                                                               AB 1589
                                                                Page  
          4

          Third Reading File.

          AB 826 (Cohn) - would authorize a pharmacist to initiate  
          the drug regimen of a patient in a health facility pursuant  
          to a written order or prescription  and would authorize the  
          pharmacist to provide written or electronic notification of  
          that action.  This bill is on the Senate Third Reading  
          File.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  No

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  8/28/01)

          California Medical Association
          California State Board of Pharmacy
          California Optometric Association
          Medical Board of California

           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    The California Medical Association  
          (CMA) is in support of this measure and indicates that the  
          CMA continues to examine methods whereby physicians can  
          reduce medical errors through their Project SAFE CARE  
          (Strategic Alliance for Effective Care and Reduction of  
          Errors) Task Force.  The Project is currently reviewing  
          several vendors that may have the capacity for  
          electronically prescribing medications in order to develop  
          important criteria that physicians may consider when taking  
          advantage of this technology.  It is the belief of the CMA  
          that this bill will assist physicians in accomplishing  
          their goal of ensuring patient safety and reducing medical  
          errors.  

          The California State Board of Pharmacy (Board) indicates  
          that electronic prescribing has been proven to  
          substantially reduce the incidence of medication errors and  
          has the potential to bring substantial operating  
          efficiencies to prescribing and dispensing processes.  As  
          explained by the Board, electronic prescribing has begun to  
          take hold in the hospital setting and experience in one  
          hospital found a 50% reduction in medication errors and a  
          two hour reduction in the time required to process the  
          order and administer the drug to the patient.  A study  
          required by this bill will provide recommendations on how  







                                                               AB 1589
                                                                Page  
          5

          to speed up the adoption of this technology in other  
          settings.

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  : 
          AYES:  Aanestad, Alquist, Aroner, Ashburn, Bates, Bogh,  
            Briggs, Calderon, Bill Campbell, John Campbell,  
            Canciamilla, Cardenas, Cardoza, Cedillo, Chan, Chavez,  
            Chu, Cohn, Correa, Cox, Daucher, Diaz, Dickerson, Dutra,  
            Firebaugh, Frommer, Goldberg, Havice, Hollingsworth,  
            Horton, Jackson, Keeley, Kehoe, Kelley, Koretz, La Suer,  
            Leach, Leslie, Liu, Longville, Lowenthal, Maddox,  
            Maldonado, Matthews, Migden, Mountjoy, Nakano, Nation,  
            Negrete McLeod, Oropeza, Robert Pacheco, Rod Pacheco,  
            Papan, Pavley, Pescetti, Reyes, Richman, Runner, Salinas,  
            Shelley, Simitian, Steinberg, Strickland, Strom-Martin,  
            Thomson, Vargas, Washington, Wayne, Wesson, Wiggins,  
            Wright, Wyland, Wyman, Zettel, Hertzberg


          CP:jk  8/28/01   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

                                ****  END  ****