BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







           ---------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Hearing Date:July 7, 2003      |Bill No:AB                |
          |                               |1087                      |
           ---------------------------------------------------------- 


                    SENATE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS
                             Senator Liz Figueroa, Chair

                        Bill No:        AB 1087Author:Frommer
                    As Amended:April 30, 2003          Fiscal:No

          
          SUBJECT:  Venipuncture.
          
          SUMMARY:  Allows a "certified phlebotomy technician" to  
          perform venipuncture or skin puncture to obtain a specimen  
          for nondiagnostic tests, as specified, provided the  
          technician is under the general supervision of a specified  
          licensed health personnel.

          Existing law:

          1)Provides for the licensing and regulation of clinical  
            laboratories and various clinical health personnel by the  
            Department of Health Services (DHS), and regulates the  
            conditions under which laboratory tests are to be  
            performed and the type of personnel who may perform them  
            based on the type and complexity of the test as  
            classified by the federal Clinical Laboratory Improvement  
            Act of 1988 (CLIA).  

          2)Provides that an unlicensed person employed by a licensed  
            clinical laboratory, may perform venipuncture or skin  
            puncture for the purpose of withdrawing blood or for  
            clinical lab test purposes if he or she:

             a)   Receives authorization from a licensed physician.

             b)   Works under the supervision of a person who is no  
               more than 5 minutes away and who is a licensed  
               physician, a registered nurse, or licensed under the  
               clinical lab law.

             c)   Has successfully completed training by a licensed  





                                                                    AB 1087
                                                                     Page 2



               physician or clinical lab bioanalyst in the proper  
               procedure to be used when withdrawing blood in  
               accordance with training requirements established by  
               DHS; and 

             d)   Is certified as a "certified phlebotomy technician"  
               pursuant to regulations adopted by the DHS.

          1)Requires the DHS to adopt the certification regulations  
            for phlebotomy technicians by January 1, 2001 (final  
            regulations were finally adopted on April 9, 2003) and  
            requires those regulations to require applicants for  
            certification to:

             a)   Hold a current certification as a phlebotomist  
               issued by a national accreditation agency approved by  
               DHS.

             b)   Complete education, training and experience that  
               include at least certain amounts of didactic and  
               practical instruction and at least 50 successful  
               venipunctures or, in the alternative, have at least  
               1,040 hours of specified work experience.

          1)Requires certified phlebotomy technicians to: complete at  
            least three hours per year or six hours every two years  
            of continuing education or training, be found competent  
            in phlebotomy by a licensed physician or person licensed  
            under the clinical lab law, and work under the  
            supervision of a licensed physician, registered nurse, or  
            a person licensed under the clinical lab law.

          This bill:

          1)Authorizes a certified phlebotomy technician to perform  
            venipuncture or skin puncture to obtain a specimen for  
            nondiagnostic tests assessing the health of an  
            individual, provided the technician works under the  
            general supervision of a licensed physician, a registered  
            nurse, or a person licensed under the clinical lab law.

          2)Defines "general supervision" as requiring that a  
            supervisor:

             a)   Review the competency of the technician to perform  
               venipuncture or skin puncture prior to the  





                                                                    AB 1087
                                                                     Page 3



               technician's first blood withdrawal, and on an annual  
               basis thereafter.

             b)   Review the work of a technician on a monthly basis  
               to ensure compliance with appropriate venipuncture or  
               skin puncture policies, procedures and regulations.

          1)Requires the supervisor or another designated licensed  
            physician, registered nurse or person licensed under the  
            clinical lab law to be available for consultation with  
            the technician, either in person or through electronic  
            means, at the time of the blood withdrawal.

          FISCAL EFFECT:  Legislative Counsel has determined that  
          this is a non-fiscal measure.

          COMMENTS:
          
          1.Purpose.  This bill is intended to clarify that  
            phlebotomists may obtain blood specimens for  
            nondiagnostic tests assessing the health of an individual  
            in non-clinical laboratory settings, provided the  
            phlebotomists meet all of the professional standards and  
            requirements, including certification pursuant to  
            regulations adopted by the DHS, and work under the  
            general supervision of a licensed physician, registered  
            nurse or a person licensed under the clinical lab law.

          2.Background.  According to the author, a coalition of  
            paramedical companies that provide phlebotomy services  
            for the insurance underwriting industry have organized to  
            bring this issue to the Legislature.  They state that the  
            paramedical industry performs, without incident,  
            approximately one million blood draws annually in  
            California for the sole purpose of gathering information  
            to make underwriting determinations for life, health or  
            disability insurance.  These blood draws are not  
            performed as part of patient care. 

          AB 1557 (Migden, Chapter 695, Statutes of 1999) was enacted  
            in response to an incident in which a lab technician was  
            found to have reused needles to draw blood from different  
            patients.  AB 1557 was intended to improve the  
            certification and training standards for phlebotomists,  
            and did so by amending state clinical lab law where the  
            regulation of phlebotomists is provided.  





                                                                    AB 1087
                                                                     Page 4




          The author and proponents state that the DHS interprets the  
            current law as not only increasing the standards for  
            phlebotomists, but also requiring the paramedical  
            companies employing them to obtain licensure as a  
            clinical laboratory.  This is the case even though they  
            simply serve as the intermediary between the insurer and  
            the laboratory where the specimen is taken, and do not  
            perform any diagnostic evaluations or interpret findings  
            for treatment of diagnostic purposes.

          In 2002, proponents state that the DHS began to enforce the  
            provisions of the law against paramedical companies  
            performing phlebotomy for insurance underwriting  
            purposes, but not diagnosis or treatment.  The proponents  
            argue that this enforcement threatens to close operations  
            of paramedical organizations, even though the law is not  
            clear and does not directly address venipuncture  
            performed for non-treatment or nondiagnostic purposes.  

          3.Arguments in Support.  Proponents state that this bill  
            represents a reasonable compromise by allowing these  
            firms to continue to perform phlebotomy services for  
            limited purposes without clinical lab licensure, while  
            ensuring that the phlebotomists meet all the safety and  
            training standards, including the new certification  
            requirements just adopted by the DHS in its phlebotomist  
            regulations. 

          Proponents argue that life insurers have used the services  
            of phlebotomists  for years to obtain blood samples and  
            have found them to be a convenient alternative with an  
            impeccable safety record.  They argue that the  
            paramedical companies that employ the phlebotomists  
            simply serve as intermediaries between the insurer and  
            the laboratory that actually performs the lab tests. 

          4.Related legislation.  AB 371 (La Suer) is another bill  
            this year dealing with phlebotomists.  AB 371 would allow  
            a certified phlebotomy technician to withdraw blood in  
            specified locations outside a clinical lab with general  
            supervision as defined.  AB 371 was passed by this  
            committee, then the Senate Public Safety committee, and  
            is now pending in the Senate Judiciary Committee.

          SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION:





                                                                    AB 1087
                                                                     Page 5



          
           Support  :Association of California & Health Insurance  
                  Companies (ACLHIC)
                 Health Insurance Association of America (HIAA)
                 American Para Professional Systems, Inc.
                 ExamOne World Wide, Inc. and LabOne, Inc.
                 Hooper Holmes, Inc.
                 Examination Management Services, Inc.
                 Clinical Reference Laboratory, Inc.

            Opposition  :None received by July 2, 2003.


          Consultant:Jay J. DeFuria