BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 2317
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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 2317 (Oropeza)
          As Introduced February 19, 2004
          Majority vote 

           LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT    6-2     APPROPRIATIONS      16-4        
           
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Ayes:|Koretz, Mullin, Chan,     |Ayes:|Chu, Berg, Calderon,      |
          |     |Chu, Laird, Leno          |     |Corbett, Correa,          |
          |     |                          |     |Firebaugh, Goldberg,      |
          |     |                          |     |Leno, Nation, Negrete     |
          |     |                          |     |McLeod, Oropeza, Pavley,  |
          |     |                          |     |Ridley-Thomas, Wesson,    |
          |     |                          |     |Wiggins, Yee              |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Shirley Horton, Houston   |Nays:|Runner, Bates, Daucher,   |
          |     |                          |     |Keene                     |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           SUMMARY  :  Increases the amount of liquidated damages due to  
          employees who are paid unfairly in violation of existing law  
          relating to gender based payment discrimination. Specifically,  
           this bill  :  

          1)Mandates the types of damages those employees should recover  
            if successful in bringing a civil action against their  
            employer for violating existing law relating to gender based  
            payment discrimination.

          2)Increases the amount of liquidated damages due to employees  
            who are paid unfairly in violation of existing law relating to  
            gender based payment discrimination to the following:

             a)   An amount equal to treble the balance of wages due; and,

             b)   An amount equal to five times the balance of wages due,  
               if it is determined that the employer willfully violated  
               the section of law prohibiting gender based payment  
               discrimination.

           EXISTING FEDERAL LAW   prohibits sex-based wage discrimination  
          between men and women in the same establishment who are  
          performing under similar working conditions. 









                                                                  AB 2317
                                                                  Page  2

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Prohibits employers from paying an employee a wage less than  
            that paid to employees of the opposite sex in the same  
            establishment for equal work on jobs requiring equal skill,  
            effort, and responsibility, and performed under similar  
            working conditions. 

          2)Allows payment differentials made pursuant to a bona fide  
            factor other than sex.

          3)Subjects employers to civil action and specified liquidated  
            damages that may be paid to employees who are paid unfairly in  
            violation of existing law relating to gender based payment  
            discrimination. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee, no direct state fiscal impact. 

           COMMENTS  :

          1)The prohibition of gender based payment discrimination has  
            been a feature of California law since 1949.  Enforcement is  
            primarily the responsibility of the Division of Labor  
            Standards Enforcement (DLSE), through a complaint procedure.   
            An aggrieved employee may, however, initiate an independent  
            civil action under specified circumstances.  Currently,  
            damages for violations include not only the recovery of any  
            lost wages with interest, but also liquidated damages in a  
            like amount.

          2)It should be noted that many employees will instead file a  
            complaint with the Department of Fair Employment and Housing,  
            under the Fair Employment and Housing Act, or the federal  
            Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), under Title  
            VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, since recovery of  
            compensatory damages are allowed in those forums.

          3)The federal Equal Pay Act of 1963 (29 USC 206) also prohibits  
            sex-based wage differentials between men and women employed in  
            the same establishment who perform jobs requiring equal  
            effort, skill, and responsibility.  Those provisions are  
            enforced by EEOC through a complaint process similar to state  
            law.  Civil actions are also allowed after administrative  
            avenues are exhausted.  Penalties allowed under federal law  








                                                                  AB 2317
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            include the amount of unpaid wages and an additional equal  
            amount as liquidated damages, which is similar to state.  Any  
            person who repeatedly or willfully violates federal law,  
            however, is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $1000 for  
            each violation.

          4)Pay differentials under both state and federal law are  
            permitted when they are based on seniority, merit, quantity or  
            quality of production, or a factor other than sex.  In the  
            event that an aggrieved employee files complaints under both  
            state and federal law, the employee is required to return to  
            the employer the amounts recovered under state or federal law,  
            whichever is less.

          5)Recent information pay inequities: Recent statistics  
            demonstrate that despite these protections, pay inequities  
            still exist in our state and national economies.  These  
            statistics include the following:

             a)   According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2002,  
               American women working full-time year-round earned on  
               average $0.76.6 for every dollar earned by full-time  
               working American men;

             b)   A General Accounting Office report on women's earnings  
               shows that there exists an inexplicable wage gap of  
               approximately 20%, even after taking into account work  
               experience, education, occupation, industry of current  
               employment, and other demographic and job characteristics;  
               and,

             c)   The Institute for Women's Policy Research finds that  
               recent narrowing of the wage gap between men and women is  
               due in large part to men's real wages falling, not women's  
               wages rising.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Nick Louizos / L. & E. / (916) 319-2091  
                                                         FN: 0004957