BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







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          |Hearing Date:June 14, 2004     |Bill No:AB                |
          |                               |2660                      |
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                    SENATE COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONS
                             Senator Liz Figueroa, Chair

                         Bill No:        AB 2660Author:Leno
                    As Amended:April 12, 2004          Fiscal:Yes

          
          SUBJECT:   Prescriptions: issuance by a pharmacist.
          
          SUMMARY:   Amends existing law to reinstate pharmacists'  
          authority to register with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency  
          (DEA) and therefore initiate or adjust controlled substance  
          drug therapy under specified conditions.

          Existing law:

          1)Provides for the licensure and regulation by the State  
            Board of Pharmacy (Board) of pharmacies, pharmacists, and  
            pharmacy practices.

          2)Defines "prescription," in part, as being issued by  
            designated healing arts practitioners, not including a  
            pharmacist.

          3)Makes specific requirements for issuing prescriptions for  
            a controlled substance, and requires a copy of the  
            prescription to be submitted to the Department of Justice  
            at the end of the month in which the prescription was  
            filled.

          4)Authorizes pharmacists to furnish, transmit, and  
            administer prescription medication.  Authorizes them to  
            perform routine drug therapy-related patient assessment  
            procedures, including temperature, pulse and respiration,  
            ordering drug therapy-related lab tests, administering  
            drugs and biologicals by injection,  and initiating or  
            adjusting the drug regimen of a patient pursuant to an  
            order or authorization made by the patient's prescriber  
            in accordance with policies, procedures and protocols.    





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            Allows pharmacists to furnish emergency contraception  
            drug therapy as long as the pharmacist completes a  
            training program on emergency contraception drug therapy.

          5)Allows certified nurse-midwives, nurse practitioners, and  
            physician assistants to order or furnish drugs or devices  
            under the supervision of a physician and surgeon.

          6)Allows a pharmacist, under physician supervision, who is  
            functioning as part of a multidisciplinary group in a  
            clinical setting, to initiate or adjust a drug therapy.

          7)Precludes any person from possessing a controlled  
            substance, unless a person has a valid prescription for  
            that drug.

          8)Prohibits the Board from issuing a pharmacy license to,  
            or renewing a pharmacy license of, specified persons,  
            including those who are authorized to write a  
            prescription,
          
          This bill:

          1)Revises the definition of "prescription" to include a  
            drug order issued by a pharmacist under conditions  
            specified where the pharmacist is authorized to initiate  
            or adjust the drug regimen of a patient. 

          2)Requires a pharmacist who is authorized to issue an order  
            to initiate or adjust a controlled substance therapy to  
            personally register with the DEA.

          3)Authorizes a person to possess a controlled substance  
            furnished under a drug order by a pharmacist under  
            specified conditions.

          4)Authorizes the Board to issue or renew a license for a  
            pharmacy that is owned and operated by a pharmacist who  
            is authorized to issue a drug order under specified  
            conditions.

          5)Makes other nonsubstantive technical changes.

          FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee, minor if any costs to the Board of Pharmacy.






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          COMMENTS:
          
          1.Purpose.   According to the Author, until recently the  
            DEA issued registration numbers to qualified California  
            pharmacists.  However, based on legislation unrelated to  
            pharmacists that specifically authorized other mid-level  
            practitioners to furnish drugs under physician protocols  
            (but unintentionally excluded pharmacists), the DEA  
            believes that California law no longer allows them to do  
            so.  The Author states that this bill continues  
            pharmacists' ability to help physicians manage  
            prescription drug therapies by restoring their ability to  
            initiate or adjust drug therapies under physician  
            protocols.

          2.Background. The California Pharmacist Practice Act allows  
            specifically authorized and specially qualified  
            pharmacists to initiate and adjust prescription drug  
            therapy under protocols jointly developed by physicians  
            and pharmacists.  This authority applies to both  
            controlled and non-controlled substances.  Controlled  
            substances are also regulated by federal law, which  
            requires anyone handling controlled substances to have a  
            DEA registration number.  DEA issues registration numbers  
            to mid-level practitioners, in accordance with state law.  



          The DEA used to issue registration numbers to qualified  
            California pharmacists because they were considered  
            mid-level practitioners. In 1999, the Legislature passed  
            SB 816 (Escutia), Chapter 749, Statutes of 1999, which  
            specifically designated certified nurse-midwives, nurse  
            practitioners and physician assistants as mid-level  
            practitioners, so that they could continue to exercise  
            there authority to furnish drugs under physician  
            protocols.

          However, SB 816 did not include pharmacists in its  
            provisions. This legislation was unrelated to pharmacists  
            and no one thought to include pharmacists or knew that  
            this would prevent pharmacists from assisting physicians  
            with drug therapy involving controlled substances.  As a  
            result, pharmacists have been denied DEA registration  
            numbers and have been unable to assist physicians in  
            managing controlled substance drug therapies, though  





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            state law still permits them to do so.  This bill simply  
            rectifies the oversight of not including pharmacists as  
            mid-level practitioners in SB 816 and re-establishes the  
            ability of qualified pharmacists to work under a  
            physician in adjusting controlled substance drug therapy.

          The inability of pharmacists to continue to assist  
            physicians in managing controlled substance drug  
            therapies unnecessarily burdens physicians, who are  
            required to personally approve even the slightest  
            adjustment to any controlled substance therapy.   
            According to the Author's office, this is particularly  
            problematic in managing pain therapy, which a qualified  
            pharmacist could assist with under this bill.

          3.Arguments in Support.   According to Kaiser Permanente  
            (Kaiser), the sponsor of this bill, the bill will allow  
            pharmacists to continue to help physicians manage  
            prescription drug therapies by restoring their ability to  
            initiate or adjust controlled substance drug therapies  
            under physician protocols.  Kaiser's support notes that  
            the bill will rectify the oversight that left pharmacists  
            out of state law designation as mid-level practitioners  
            that the DEA requires as a prerequisite to issuing its  
            registration number. 

            The California Association of Physician Groups (CAPG)  
            supports the bill because it encourages the managed care  
            delegated model of health care.  CAPG states that by  
            allowing pharmacists to initiate or adjust controlled  
            drug therapies, healthcare resources and physician time  
            are maximized, resulting in controlled health care costs.

            The bill is also supported by others including the  
            California Medical Association (CMA), the California  
            State Board of Pharmacy, and the California Retailers  
            Association for the same reasons as stated by Kaiser and  
            CAPG

          



          SUPPORT AND OPPOSITION:
          
           Support:  





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                 Kaiser Permanente (Sponsor)
                 California Association of Nurse Practitioners (CANP)
                 California Association of Physician Groups (CAPG)
                 California Medical Association (CMA)
                 California Pharmacists Association (CPhA)  
                 California Retailers Association (CRA)
                 California Society of Health-System Pharmacists  
                  (CSHP)
                 California State Board of Pharmacy

            Opposition:  None on file.


          Consultant:Jay J. DeFuria