BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                           SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                         Senator Joseph L. Dunn, Chair
                           2005-2006 Regular Session


          AB 667                                                 A
          Assembly Member Jones                                  B
          As Amended June 27, 2005
          Hearing Date: June 28, 2005                            
          Family Code                                            6
          MJM:rm                                                 6
                                                                 7

                                     SUBJECT
                                         
                        Child Support Enforcement Study


                                   DESCRIPTION  

          This bill would require the Legislative's Analyst's Office  
          to contract with an appropriate and qualified entity to  
          conduct an evaluation of the child support program, as  
          specified, and to convene an advisory committee to oversee  
          the process.

                                    BACKGROUND  

          The Assembly Judiciary Committee held an informational  
          hearing on March 1, 2005, entitled "The Child Support  
          Program in California:  Current Challenges, Future  
          Objectives."  The committee report explains that the  
          federal government, in the Child Support Performance and  
          Incentive Act of 1998 (CSPIA) established federal  
          performance standards for state child support programs.   
          The CSPIA also contained an incentive and penalty structure  
          to fund and motivate states to improve their child support  
          enforcement.  The federal incentives are based on total  
          support collections and state performance in five areas:   
          1) paternities established; 2) support orders established;  
          3) current support collected; 4) arrears collected; and 5)  
          cost-effectiveness.  

          To increase efficiency and performance, the responsibility  
          for the enforcement and collection of child support in  
                                                                 
          (more)



          AB 667 (Jones)
          Page 2



          California was transferred from the Department of Social  
          Services to the newly created Department of Child Support  
          Services (DCSS) in 2000.  [SB 542 (Burton/Schiff) Chapter  
          480, Statutes of 1999; AB 196 (Kuehl) Chapter 478, Statutes  
          of 1999; AB 472 (Aroner) Chapter 803, Statutes of 1999.]   
          Since then, California's performance has improved, but the  
          state still trails behind the nation on three of the five  
          federal measures:  arrears collection, current support  
          collections, and cost-effectiveness.  
          Because the federal incentive pool is capped, California's  
          incentive is based not only on its performance on the five  
          federal measures and its total support collections, but  
          also on the performance of other states.  The federal  
          incentive pool is $446 million for fiscal year 2005.   
          California is currently receiving roughly $50 million in  
          federal incentives.  Notably, the federal incentive dollars  
          are matched $2 for each $1 with federal match dollars,  
          making the current incentives worth $150 million.  

          Additionally, the federal government required all states to  
          implement automated child support systems for all cases by  
          October 1997.  States that have not automated are penalized  
          by the loss of federal administrative funding of the child  
          support program.  California is currently developing the  
          California Child Support Automated System (CCSAS).  The  
          first phase is expected to be completed by September 2005  
          and the second phase by September 2008.  Although it was  
          initially expected that the implementation of phase one  
          would satisfy federal requirements and end the federal  
          penalties, the federal Department of Health and Human  
          Services informed California last fall that the penalties  
          would continue to accrue until phase two is complete.  The  
          automation penalties are expected to reach a cumulative  
          $1.2 billion through 2006.  Accordingly, California can  
          expect to pay well over $1 billion in federal penalties  
          unless the CCSAS implementation schedule is accelerated. 

          As introduced, this bill sought to address the problem of  
          lost federal incentives by proposing to institute  
          performance targets for the child support program and  
          penalties for failing to meet the required performance  
          standards.  In response to opposition concerns that a more  
          complete study of the child support program is required,  
          the bill has been overhauled.  Instead, the bill would  
          require a study be made of the child support program and  
                                                                       




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          recommendations made to the Legislature regarding the  
          improvement of the program.  All opposition is now removed.  


                             CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           Existing law  places responsibility for administering all  
          services and performing all functions necessary to  
          establish, collect and distribute child support with the  
          Department of Child Support Services.  [Family Code Section  
          17200.]

           Existing law  requires DCSS to reduce the cost of and  
          increase the speed and efficiency of child support  
          enforcement operations.  [Family Code Section 17208.]

           Existing law  requires DCSS to maximize the use of federal  
          funds available for the costs of administering the child  
          support services department and to obtain funds from  
          federal financial incentives, to the extent feasible.   
          [Family Code Section 17208.]
           
          This bill  would require the Legislative Analyst's Office  
          (LAO) to contract with a qualified and appropriate entity  
          to conduct an evaluation of the child support program.

           This bill  would require the evaluation to consider, at a  
          minimum, the impact of the following factors on the  
          budgeting methodology for local child support programs:

          1)the current state and federal statutory and regulatory  
            environment for child support services;
          2)state-of-the-art advancement and best practices;
          3)the potential impact of the California Child Support  
            Automated System on the workload of workers in the  
            system;
          4)the workload levels and statutory and regulatory  
            requirements in other states;
          5)the impact on workload of timely establishing and  
            collecting child support; and 
          6)recruitment and retention issues affecting staff.

           This bill  would require that the LAO convene an advisory  
          committee to provide oversight of the process of selecting  
          an entity to conduct the study and to provide oversight and  
                                                                       




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          technical assistance to the entity conducting the study.   
          This committee would consist of representatives of the  
          department, the judiciary, the Child Support Directors  
          Association of California, the California State Association  
          of Counties, child support services consumers, children's  
          advocacy organizations, child support worker organization  
          and appropriate policy and fiscal committees of the  
          Legislature.

           This bill  would require the LAO to report the findings and  
          recommendations of the evaluation to the appropriate fiscal  
          and policy committees of the Legislature by January 1,  
          2007.

           This bill  would make legislative findings that child  
          support is critical to the financial security of children  
          in California and that maximizing federal incentive  
          payments and adequately funding child support services  
          programs are crucial to ensuring effective child support  
          enforcement.
            
                                     COMMENT
           
          1.  Need for the bill  

            According to the author:

               Child support is critical to the financial security of  
               millions of children across the nation and throughout  
               California.  Child support helps lift families off of  
               welfare and out of poverty.  It accounts for 40% of  
               income for low-income families who receive it.  It  
               also saves the state money by recouping welfare  
               expenditures and reducing the need for welfare  
               entirely.  California's child support collection  
               efforts still lag behind the nation on key measures,  
               resulting in fewer collections for children and less  
               incentive dollars for the state.
            
            To achieve optimal performance of the state child support  
            program, this bill would require that a study of the  
            child support program be conducted and recommendations be  
            made to guide the state in improving child support  
            collections.

                                                                       




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          2.  Is the scope of the study broad enough?

             This bill would require the LAO to contract with an  
            appropriate and qualified entity to conduct a study of  
            the child support program.  The evaluation must address  
            collections and cost-effectiveness, possible additional  
            enforcement tools, and the current level of funding for  
            child support services and budgeting methodology.  In  
            considering the funding and budgeting methodology, the  
            evaluation would be required to consider, at a minimum,  
            the impact of the following factors:  

             1)   the current state and federal statutory and  
               regulatory environment for child support services;
             2)   the state-of-the-art advancement and best  
               practices;
             3)   the potential impact of the California Child  
               Support Automated System on the workload of workers in  
               the system;
             4)   the caseload and workload levels, as well as  
               statutory, policy, and regulatory requirements, in  
               other states;
             5)   the impact on workload of timely establishing and  
               collecting child support to meet children's needs; and
             6)   recruitment and retention issues affecting child  
               support staff in local programs.

            The study must also make recommendations for revising  
            collection options, allocation methodology, and program  
            operations, including management practices, protocols,  
            and procedures.  

            Given that California is facing close to a billion  
            dollars in federal penalties for failing to automate the  
            child support system, should the study also focus on that  
            issue?  Four of the six issue areas in AB 667 are  
            personnel-related.  Are the deficiencies in the child  
            support system likely to be solved by throwing bodies at  
            the problem?  Perhaps not, yet this is what the focus of  
            the study suggests.  

            Should the study be expanded to also address lost dollars  
            due to California's non-compliant Child Support Automated  
            System?

                                                                       




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          3.  Timing of the study
           
            The evaluation and recommendations must be reported by  
            the LAO to the Legislature by January 1, 2007.  In  
            response to concerns that with California accruing  
            hundreds of millions of dollars in federal penalties each  
            year, this deadline should be moved forward, the author's  
            staff agreed that ideally, the study and recommendations  
            would be completed sooner.  However, author's staff  
            indicated that the deadline was carefully considered and  
            ultimately chosen to ensure there was adequate time for  
            LAO to locate and contract with an appropriate entity and  
            for the entity to conduct a careful and thorough study.   
            This bill would provide one year for these requirements  
            to be completed.

          4.  Advisory committee to oversee the study
           
            This bill would require that LAO convene an advisory  
            committee which includes representatives of DCSS, the  
            judiciary, the Child Support Directors Association of  
            California, the California State Association of Counties,  
            child support services consumers, children's advocacy  
            organizations, child support worker organizations, and  
            appropriate policy and fiscal committees of the  
            Legislature.  This advisory committee would both provide  
            oversight of the process of selecting an entity to  
            conduct the study and provide oversight and technical  
            assistance to the entity conducting the study.   
             
           Support:  Service Employees International Union

          Opposition:  None Known

                                     HISTORY
           
          Source:  National Center for Youth Law

          Related Pending Legislation:  None Known

           Prior Legislation:  AB 1752 (Committee on Budget) Chapter  
                        225, Statutes of 2004, required among other  
                        things the Department of Child Support  
                        Services to develop a program pursuant to  
                        which the department may accept offers in  
                                                                       




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                        compromise of child support arrears until  
                        January 1, 2007, and report to the results of  
                        the program by June 30, 2006.  

                         SB 542 (Burton/Schiff) Chapter 480, Statutes  
                        of 1999; AB 196 (Kuehl) Chapter 478, Statutes  
                        of 1999; AB 472 (Aroner) Chapter 803,  
                        Statutes of 1999, restructured the child  
                        support enforcement program by creating the  
                        Department of Child Support Services and  
                        vesting it with responsibility to establish,  
                        collect and distribute child support;  
                        transferring local responsibility for program  
                        enforcement to local child support agencies;  
                        and created a complaint resolution and fair  
                        hearing process for resolving child support  
                        complaints.  

          Prior Vote:  Assembly Floor (58 Ayes, 14 Noes)
                   Assembly Appropriations (13 Ayes, 5 Noes)
                   Assembly Judiciary (9 Ayes, 0 Noes)
                    
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