BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    





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          GOVERNOR'S VETO
          AB 770 (Mullin)
          As Amended August 22, 2006
          2/3 vote

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          |ASSEMBLY:  |44-36|(January 30,    |SENATE: |23-14|(August 28,    |
          |           |     |2006)           |        |     |2006)          |
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |45-30|(August 28,     |        |     |               |
          |           |     |2006)           |        |     |               |
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           Original Committee Reference:    H. & C.D.  
           
          SUMMARY  :   Establishes the Office of the Common Interest  
          Development Ombudsperson (Ombudsperson) as a pilot project within  
          the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) to provide education,  
          informal dispute resolution and data collection on common interest  
          developments (CIDs).  Specifically,  this bill  :  

           The Senate amendments  :

          1)Reduce the per unit fee homeowner associations collect for each  
            separate interest within the CID to $6 biennially.

          2)Update and make changes to the statistical findings regarding  
            the number of CIDs dwellings in the state.

          3)Specify the Ombudsperson must be a civil servant. 

          4)Delete the provision allowing the Ombudsperson to offer to  
            provide mediation to resolve a dispute in a CID for a fee or to  
            contract with local mediators to provide similar services. 

          5)Require the Ombudsperson to make a recommendation as to whether  
            or not the office should provide or subsidize mediation. 

          6)Clarify that the Secretary of State (SOS) shall be reimbursed  









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            for any cost incurred from the process of collecting and filing  
            the biennial fee in the CID Ombudsperson Fee Fund. 

          7)Specify communications between the Ombudsperson and an  
            individual participating in informal dispute resolution is  
            deemed mediation for the purposes of ensuring confidentiality. 

          8)Change the January 1, 2012, sunset date for the pilot program to  
            July 1, 2009. 

           AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY  , this bill established the Ombudsperson  
          as a pilot project within DCA to provide education, dispute  
          resolution and data collection on CIDs.  Specifically,  this bill :   


          1)Made legislative findings including the fact that there are  
            36,000 CIDs in the state, the complexities that volunteer  
            director's face in managing and complying with existing laws,  
            and the adversarial nature of private litigation which is the  
            mechanism under existing law to enforce CID law.  

          2)Required the Ombudsperson to offer training materials and  
            courses to CID directors, officers and owners regarding the  
            operation of a CID and the rights and duties of an association  
            owner.  Provided a fee may be charged for training materials or  
            courses that do not exceed the actual cost. 

          3)Required that within 60 days of assuming office an association  
            director must file a certification with the Ombudsperson that  
            they have read each of the following:  the declaration, articles  
            of incorporation, by-laws of the association and either the  
            Davis-Stirling Common Interest Development Act or a summary of  
            the law.  

          4)Required a person who is providing or proposes to provide the  
            services of a CID manager disclose to the board of directors in  
            writing on an annual basis that they have read the governing  
            document of the association.  Required other disclosures of the  
            section be made in writing as well. 

          5)Required the Ombudsperson to maintain a toll-free number.










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          6)Required the Ombudsperson to maintain a Web site with the  
            following information:

             a)   Relevant statutes and regulation regarding the operation  
               of a CID;

             b)   Information concerning nonjudical resolution of disputes  
               or for locally available dispute resolution programs;

             c)   Description of services and contact information for the  
               Ombudsperson; and,

             d)   Yearly update on legislative changes to CID law and any  
               other information deemed useful.

          1)Required information provided on the Web site also be available  
            in written form.  Allows the Ombudsperson to charge a fee for  
            these materials not to exceed their actual cost of printing and  
            delivery.

          2)Required an association to provide its members with annual  
            written notice of the Web site address and toll free number of  
            the Ombudsperson. 

          3)Provided any interested party may request the Ombudsperson  
            provide assistance in resolving a dispute involving the law  
            governing CIDs or the governing documents of a CID. 

          4)Required the Ombudsperson after receiving a complaint to confer  
            with the interested parties and attempt to resolve the dispute  
            through mutual agreement.  Provided that if a dispute cannot be  
            resolved through informal conference then the Ombudsperson may  
            offer to mediate. 

          5)Provided that the Ombudsperson may adopt a fee of not more than  
            $50 for mediation services or may contract with private parties  
            to provide mediation services.  

          6)Required the Ombudsperson to report annually to the Legislature  
            no later than October 1 on the following: 

             a)   Number of requests for assistance received;









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             b)   How a request either was or was not resolved and staff  
               time required to resolve the inquiry; and,

             c)   Analysis of the most common and serious types of disputes  
               and any recommendations for statutory reform.

          1)Required the Ombudsperson to submit on or before January 1,  
            2009, recommendations to the Legislature on the scope of the  
            office specifically on the following issues:

             a)   Whether or not the Ombudsperson should be authorized to  
               enforce CID law;

             b)   Whether or not the Ombudsperson should have authority to  
               oversee association elections; and,

             c)   Whether or not the provisions requiring a new association  
               director or managing agent certify they have read the  
               governing documents should be revised. 

          1)Provided that DCA shall employ the Ombudsperson and other  
            officers and employees as necessary to fulfill the requirements  
            of the office. 

          2)Allowed the Ombudsperson to establish an advisory committee that  
            is comprised of a fair representation of interests involved in  
            CIDs.

          3)Required an association to pay a CID Ombudsperson Fee to the  
            Secretary of State (SOS) every two years in the amount of $10  
            for each separate interest within the CID.   

          4)Provided the biennial fee is not subject to the same approval  
            requirements for regular assessments of the association. 

          5)Allowed the Ombudsperson to evaluate the biennial fee amount  
            every two years to determine if it should be adjusted to provide  
            the necessary revenue for the next two years.  Restricts the  
            biennial fee to no more than $20. 

          6)Created the Common Interest Ombudsperson Fund within the SOS in  









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            which all CID Ombudsperson fee revenue will be placed for the  
            continuous appropriation of the operation of the Ombudsperson.

          7)Provided an association is excused from paying the fee for a  
            separate interest if another association has already paid the  
            fee and certified payment through a form to be developed by the  
            SOS.

          8)Provided the Ombudsperson may establish a rule governing which  
            association should pay the fee if a separate interest is part of  
            more than one association. 

          9)Required the Ombudsperson to adopt governing practices and  
            procedures in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act  
            (APA). 

          10)  Provided information and advice provided by the Ombudsperson  
            has no binding legal effect and is not subject to the rulemaking  
            provisions of the APA. 

          11)  Provided a sunset provision of January 1, 2012. 

          12)  Delayed operation of the Ombudsperson to July 1, 2007. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Assuming there are 4.3 million CID units who would  
          pay a $6 fee every two years, this bill would generate $12.9  
          million annually in fee revenues for the office.  DCA estimates  
          administering the program, adopting needed regulations,  
          reimbursing the advisory committee's per diem and expenses,  
          preparing the required reports, creating and maintaining a CID  
          tracking system and website, staffing a toll-free telephone line  
          and two informal dispute resolution offices, producing training  
          materials, and general office expenses will cost $8.7 million  
          annually. 

           COMMENTS  :  There are approximately 41,000 CIDs in the state that  
          range in size from three to 30,000 units. CIDs include  
          condominiums, community apartment projects, and housing  
          cooperatives and planned unit developments.  They are  
          characterized by a separate ownership of dwelling space coupled  
          with an undivided interest in a common property, restricted by  
          covenants and conditions that limit the use of common area and the  









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          separate ownership interests and the management of common property  
          and enforcement of restrictions by a community association.  CIDs  
          make up over three million total housing units which represents  
          approximately one quarter of the state's housing stock.  In 2003,  
          the total homeowner association revenues were estimated at $6.3  
          billion.  Assessments vary widely from thousands of dollars a  
          month to nominal amounts per month.  In 2002, the average  
          assessment was $112 per unit in a planned development and $186 per  
          unit in condominiums and cooperatives.  In the 1990s, over 60% of  
          all residential construction starts in the state were CIDs. CIDs  
          are governed by the Davis Stirling Act as well as the governing  
          documents of the association including the bylaws, declaration,  
          and operating rules.  Except when CIDs are first developed, no  
          state agency provides ongoing oversight to these communities.  
           
           Need for bill:  CID's are governed by elected volunteer directors.  
           According to the sponsor, the California Law Revision Commission  
          (CLRC), faced with the complexity of CID law, many volunteer  
          directors make mistakes and violate procedures for conducting  
          hearings, adopting budgets, establishing reserves, enforcing rules  
          and restrictions and collecting assessments.  Many homeowners do  
          not understand CID law and their rights under the governing  
          documents; as a result, conflicts arise between the association  
          and homeowners.  The only remedy available to resolve disputes  
          between a homeowner and an association or between homeowners is  
          private litigation.  This process can be both expensive and lead  
          to animosity that can degrade the quality of life of a community  
          and lead to future disputes.  In addition homeowners that sue  
          their association are ultimately suing themselves and their  
          neighbors as the cost of litigation is borne by the community. 

          Funded through a $3 per unit/per year, the Ombudsperson would  
          educate volunteer homeowner board directors and homeowners through  
          a toll-free number, Web site and provide training materials and  
          courses.  The Ombudsperson would provide information and advice to  
          those who do not understand their legal rights and  
          responsibilities and offer assistance by offering informal dispute  
          resolution.  In addition, the Ombudsperson will collect data on  
          the types of disputes that arise in CIDs and make recommendations  
          to the Legislature as to needed changes in CID law. 

          Other jurisdictions:  Several other states, including Florida,  









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          Nevada and Hawaii, provide services to CID associations similar to  
          the ones proposed in this bill.  Both Florida and Nevada are  
          funded through an annual fee paid by homeowners and have found  
          significant public demand for their services.  In 1997, the Nevada  
          Legislature created the Office of the Ombudsman for Owners in  
          Common Interest Communities to provide services to CIDs including  
          education and informal dispute resolution.  Nevada has  
          approximately 2,073 CIDs made up of 310,501 separate interests  
          which represents one-tenth of the CIDs in California.  The Nevada  
          Ombudsman charges a $3 annual fee per separate interest and  
          employs 13 full time staff.  In 2003, the Nevada program was  
          expanded to include enforcement power of state law. 
           
           Enforcement:  This bill requires the Ombudsperson to make a  
          recommendation to the Legislature within the first three years of  
          operation as to the need to expand the office to include  
          enforcement powers.  This bill provides a first step toward  
          improvement, with the next step being dependent on the  
          Ombudsperson's own empirical findings.  This is similar to the  
          approach that was followed in Nevada, where enforcement powers  
          were added only after experience under the Ombudsman approach  
          indicated the need.
           
           Opposition:  The Stop Hidden Taxes Coalition opposes this bill  
          because it "imposes tax (labeled a fee in the bill) on common  
          interest development associations. First, this bill would impose a  
          tax that should require a two-thirds vote for passage.  Taxes  
          should not be classified as fees to circumvent tax approval  
          procedures specified in the Constitution."  However, a fee is not  
          a tax if the funds raised are used to provide services or  
          privileges to those who pay the fee, or to regulate that group.   
          The fee in this bill would be paid by CID homeowners for services  
          provided to CID homeowners.  Legislative Counsel indicates that  
          this is not a tax bill and therefore does not require a two-thirds  
          approval.
           
          GOVERNOR'S VETO MESSAGE  :

               This bill is unnecessary at this time.  Recent  
               legislation has been enacted to address various problems  
               cited by the author in proposing this bill, including  
               directives to the Department of Consumer Affairs and the  









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               Department of Real Estate to develop an on-line  
               education resource for common interest development board  
               members, as well as a requirement that associations  
               provide dispute resolution procedures.  It is necessary  
               to gauge the effectiveness of this recently enacted  
               legislation before creating an entirely new state  
               office.

               Additionally, this bill provides no clarification on the  
               type of dispute resolution services that will be  
               provided by the proposed Ombudsperson, and does not  
               specify the difference between informal dispute  
               resolution required by this bill and formal mediation,  
               which the Ombudsperson would not provide.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Lisa Engel / H. & C.D. / (916) 319-2085


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