BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                         Senator Elaine K. Alquist, Chair            A
                             2005-2006 Regular Session               B

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          AB 1022 (Walters)                                          2
          As Amended April 21, 2005
          Hearing date:  June 21, 2005
          Penal Code
          MK:mc


                              MURDER: ASSAULT ON A CHILD  

                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Author

          Prior Legislation: AB 2258 (Kuykendall) - Chapter 46, Stats.  
          1996
                       ABx1 27 (Speier) - Chapter 27, Stats. 1994

          Support: California District Attorneys Association; Crime  
          Victims United

          Opposition:California Attorneys for Criminal Justice

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes 73 - Noes 0



                                         KEY ISSUE
           
          SHOULD THE LAW PROVIDING FOR A SENTENCE OF 25 YEARS TO LIFE FOR THE  
          CRIME OF ASSAULT BY MEANS OF A FORCE THAT TO A REASONABLE PERSON  
          WOULD BE LIKELY TO PRODUCE GREAT BODILY INJURY, THAT RESULTS IN THE  
          DEATH OF A CHILD IN THE PERSON'S CARE AND CUSTODY BE CHANGED SO THAT  
          THE VICTIM'S AGE IS UNDER 14 YEARS OF AGE INSTEAD OF UNDER 8 YEARS  




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                                                          AB 1022 (Walters)
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          OF AGE?





                                       PURPOSE
          
          The purpose of this bill is to increase the age of the potential  
          victim from under 8 years of age to under 14 years of age for  
          the crime of assault on a child by means of reasonable force  
          that to a reasonable person would be likely to produce great  
          bodily injury that results in the death of the child in the  
          defendant's care or custody.
          
           Existing law  provides that a killing which is willful,  
          deliberate, and premeditated is murder in the first degree,  
          punishable by 25 years to life, life without the possibility of  
          parole, or death.  (Penal Code  189, 190.)
           
           Existing law  provides that a killing which is not willful,  
          deliberate, or premeditated is also first degree murder if it  
          happens during the commission or attempted commission of arson,  
          rape, carjacking, robbery, burglary, mayhem, kidnapping, train  
          wrecking, or specified sex offenses.  (Penal Code  189.)
           
           Existing law  provides that a willful killing which is not  
          deliberate or premeditated is second degree murder, punishable  
          by 15 years to life in state prison.  (Penal Code  189 and  
          190.)
           
          Existing law  provides that any person who under circumstances  
          other than those likely to cause great bodily harm or death  
          willfully causes any child to suffer or inflicts unjustifiable  
          pain or mental suffering on a child, causes the health of a  
          child to be injured, or causes a child to be placed in a  
          situation where his or her health may be endangered is a  
          misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in the county jail.   
          (Penal Code  273a(b).)




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                                                          AB 1022 (Walters)
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           Existing law  provides that any person who under circumstances  
          likely to cause great bodily harm or death willfully causes any  
          child to suffer or inflicts unjustifiable pain or mental  
          suffering on a child, causes the health of a child to be  
          injured, or causes a child to be placed in a situation where his  
          or her health may be endangered is shall be imprisoned in a  
          county jail not exceeding one year or in the state prison for  
          two, four or six years.  (Penal Code  273a(a).)
           
           Existing law  provides that any person who willfully inflicts  
          upon any child any cruel or inhuman corporal punishment or  
          injury resulting in a traumatic condition shall be punished by  
          imprisonment in the state prison for two, four, or six years, or  
          in the county jail not exceeding one year; by a fine up to  
          $6,000; or by both that imprisonment and fine.  (Penal Code   
          273(d).)
           
           Existing law  provides that any person convicted of child abuse,  
          who under circumstances likely to cause great bodily harm or  
          death, willfully inflicts injury resulting in death, or having  
          care and custody of a child, under circumstances likely to cause  
          great bodily injury or death, causes that child to suffer injury  
          resulting in death shall receive a four-year sentence  
          enhancement for each violation.  (Penal Code  12022.95.)
           
           Existing law  states that any person who personally inflicts  
          great bodily injury on any person under the age of five in the  
          commission of a felony offense shall be punished by an  
          additional and consecutive four, five, or six years in the state  
          prison.  (Penal Code  12022.7(d).)












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           Existing law  states that any person having care or custody of a  
          child who is under 8 years of age, assaults the child by means  
          of force that to a reasonable person would be likely to produce  
          great bodily injury, resulting in the child's death, is guilty  
          of a felony punishable by 25 years to life in the state prison.   
          (Penal Code  273ab.)

           This bill  increases the age from under 8 to under 14 years of  
          age in provisions of law which makes any person who having the  
          care and custody of a child assaults the child by means of force  
          likely to produce great bodily injury, resulting in the child's  
          death, is guilty of a felony punishable by 25 years to life in  
          the state prison.


                                      COMMENTS

         1.Need for This Bill 

          According to the author:

              AB 1022 is critical to the protection of California's  
              children.  As a mother of four, I believe that it is our  
              responsibility to protect our children from abusers and  
              most critically from those who would beat a child to  
              death.  Current law allows for a penalty of 25 years to  
              life in state prison for a defendant who is a caregiver  
              of a child and is convicted of assault (i.e. abuse)  
              resulting in death of a child under eight.  AB 1022  
              raises the age of the victim from under 8 to under 14. 

          2.  History of Penal Code Section 273ab  

          Penal Code section 273ab was created by ABx1 27 (Speier) Chapter  
          27, Stats. 1994.  That bill created the offense providing for a  
          penalty of 15 years to life for any person having care and  
          custody who is under 8 years of age, assaults the child by means  
          of force that to a reasonable person would be likely to produce  
          great bodily injury, resulting in the child's death.  AB 2258  




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                                                          AB 1022 (Walters)
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          (Kuykendall) Chapter 46, Stats. 1996, increased the penalty to  
          25 to life.

          The analysis to AB 2258 pointed out that by raising the penalty  
          to 25 to life it creates the same penalty for this offense where  
          no intent to kill must be proven as the penalty for 1st degree  
          murder where an intent to kill is necessary.





          3.  Increases Age From 8 to 14  

          This bill increases the age from under 8 to under 14 years of  
          age in provisions of law which makes any person who having the  
          care and custody of a child assaults the child by means of force  
          likely to produce great bodily injury, resulting in the child's  
          death, is guilty of a felony punishable by 25 years to life in  
          the state prison.

          SHOULD THIS BE DONE?


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