BILL ANALYSIS
AB 2938
Page 1
Date of Hearing: April 18, 2006
Counsel: Heather Hopkins
ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
Mark Leno, Chair
AB 2938 (Runner) - As Amended: April 5, 2006
SUMMARY : Expands what records can be released to the public in
a case of child abuse or negligence that has resulted in a child
fatality or near fatality. Specifically, this bill :
1)Expands what county child welfare agencies shall record in the
Child Welfare Services/Case Management System from all cases
of child death, to "all cases of child fatality or near
fatality."
2)Defines "near fatality" as "a severe childhood injury
resulting in admission to a critical care unit for greater
than 24 hours following the injury."
3)Changes existing law regarding what portions of juvenile case
files shall be released to the public to state:
a) Notwithstanding any other law, juvenile case files, any
juvenile court records, and any county welfare department
and State Department of Social Services (DSS) case files,
regardless of whether they are maintained electronically or
on paper, except those relating to matters within the
jurisdiction of the court pursuant to Welfare and
Institutions Code (WIC) Section 601 or 602, that pertain to
a case of child abuse or neglect that has resulted in a
child fatality or near fatality of a child, shall be
released to the public and shall not be exempt from
disclosure under any provision of the California Public
Records Act [Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 6250) of
Division 7 of Title 1 of the Government Code].
b) Provides that prior to releasing any record pursuant to
this paragraph the custodian of the records shall redact
the following information:
i) Any information relating to another child, or that
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could identify another child, except for information
about the deceased child or the child who suffered a near
fatality.
ii) The names, addresses, telephone numbers, or any
other identifying information of any county or state
personnel referred to in the juvenile case file.
iii) The names, addresses, telephone numbers, or any
other identifying information of any individual reporting
abuse or neglect of a child.
iv) Any information that would jeopardize a criminal
investigation or proceeding.
c) The custodian of any records required to be released
pursuant to this paragraph that contain redacted
information shall specify in a separate document the
specific bases.
d) If the custodian of a juvenile case file required to be
released under this paragraph believes that, despite the
permitted redaction, disclosure of the case file, or any
portion thereof, would be seriously and unavoidably
detrimental to the safety, protection, or physical or
mental and emotional well-being of another child who is
directly or indirectly connected to the juvenile case file
that is the subject of the petition, he or she may, with
notice to the requesting person, petition the presiding
judge of the juvenile court to issue an order prohibiting
or limiting access to the case file. If a person who
requests a case file under this paragraph believes that any
redactions or limitations in released case files do not
comply with this paragraph, he or she may, with notice to
the custodian of the case file, petition the presiding
judge of the juvenile court to issue an order granting
access to all or a portion of the case file.
e) Defines "near fatality" as a severe childhood injury
resulting in admission to a critical care unit for greater
than 24 hours following the injury.
4)Provides that the Judicial Council shall adopt a rule of court
on or before January 1, 2008 to establish the procedures for
the release of information and redaction of court records.
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5)Makes legislative findings and declarations regarding
California's compliance with the federal Child Abuse
Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA).
6)States that it is the intent of the Legislature to do all of
the following:
a) Ensure that California is in compliance with CAPTA and
not jeopardize the receipt of over $3 million in federal
CAPTA funds.
b) Allow for the public disclosure of case-specific facts
and information regarding child abuse or neglect that have
resulted in a child fatality or near fatality.
c) Permit the broadest disclosure of government records
relating to child fatalities and near fatalities as
possible while protecting the confidentiality of siblings,
half-siblings, and other children, government employees,
and mandatory and voluntary reporters of child abuse,
without jeopardizing a criminal investigation or
proceeding.
EXISTING LAW :
1)Provides that, except as specified, a case file may be
inspected only by the following:
a) Court personnel.
b) The district attorney, a city attorney, or city
prosecutor authorized to prosecute criminal or juvenile
cases under state law.
c) The minor who is the subject of the proceeding.
d) His or her parents or guardian.
e) The attorneys for the parties, judges, referees, other
hearing officers, probation officers, and law enforcement
officers who are actively participating in criminal or
juvenile proceedings involving the minor.
f) The superintendent or designee of the school district
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where the minor is enrolled or attending school.
g) Members of the child protective agencies, as specified.
h) The State Department of Social Services to carry out its
duties, as specified, to oversee and monitor county child
welfare agencies, children in foster care or receiving
foster care assistance, and out-of-state placements.
i) Authorized legal staff or special investigators who are
peace officers who are employed by, or who are authorized
representatives of, the DSS, as necessary to the
performance of their duties to inspect, license, and
investigate community care facilities, and to ensure that
the standards of care and services provided in those
facilities are adequate and appropriate and to ascertain
compliance with the rules and regulations to which the
facilities are subject. The confidential information shall
remain confidential except for purposes of inspection,
licensing, or investigation, as specified, or a criminal,
civil, or administrative proceeding in relation thereto.
The confidential information may be used by the DSS in a
criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding. The
confidential information shall be available only to the
judge or hearing officer and to the parties to the case.
Names that are confidential shall be listed in attachments
separate to the general pleadings. The confidential
information shall be sealed after the conclusion of the
criminal, civil, or administrative hearings, and may not
subsequently be released except in accordance with this
subdivision. If the confidential information does not
result in a criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding,
it shall be sealed after the DSS decides that no further
action will be taken in the matter of suspected licensing
violations. Except as otherwise provided in this
subdivision, confidential information in the possession of
the DSS may not contain the name of the minor.
j) Members of children's multidisciplinary teams, persons,
or agencies providing treatment or supervision of the
minor.
aa) A judge, commissioner, or other hearing officer assigned
to a family law case with issues concerning custody or
visitation, or both, involving the minor, and the following
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persons, if actively participating in the family law case:
a family court mediator assigned to a case involving the
minor, a court-appointed evaluator or a person conducting a
court-connected child custody evaluation, investigation, or
assessment, and counsel appointed for the minor in the
family law case. Prior to allowing counsel appointed for
the minor in the family law case to inspect the file, the
court clerk may require counsel to provide a certified copy
of the court order appointing him or her as the minor's
counsel.
bb) A court-appointed investigator who is actively
participating in a guardianship case involving a minor and
acting within the scope of his or her duties in that case.
cc) A local child support agency for the purpose of
establishing paternity and establishing and enforcing child
support orders.
dd) Juvenile justice commissions.
ee) Any other person who may be designated by court order of
the judge of the juvenile court upon filing a petition.
[WIC Section 827(a)(1).]
2)Provides that notwithstanding any other law juvenile case
files, except those relating to matters within the
jurisdiction of the court, that pertain to a deceased child
who was within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, shall
be released to the public pursuant to an order by the juvenile
court after a petition has been filed and interested parties
have been afforded an opportunity to file an objection.
[Penal Code Section 827(a)(2).]
3)Provides that any information relating to another child or
which could identify another child, except for information
about the deceased, shall be redacted from the juvenile case
file prior to release, unless a specific order is made by the
juvenile court to the contrary. [Penal Code Section
827(a)(2).]
4)Provides that except as specified, the presiding judge of the
juvenile court may issue an order prohibiting or limiting
access to the juvenile case file, or any portion thereof, of a
deceased child only upon a showing that release of the
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juvenile case file or any portion thereof is detrimental to
the safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being of
another child who is directly or indirectly connected to the
juvenile case that is the subject of the petition. [Penal
Code Section 827(a)(2).]
5)Access to juvenile case files pertaining to matters within the
jurisdiction of the juvenile court shall be limited as
follows:
a) If a juvenile case file, or any portion thereof, is
privileged or confidential pursuant to any other state law
or federal law or regulation, the requirements of that
state law or federal law or regulation prohibiting or
limiting release of the juvenile case file or any portions
thereof shall prevail. Unless a person is listed in WIC
Section 827(a)(1) and is entitled to access under the other
state law or federal law or regulation without a court
order, all those seeking access, pursuant to other
authorization, to portions of, or information relating to
the contents of, juvenile case files protected under
another state law or federal law or regulation, shall
petition the juvenile court. The juvenile court may only
release the portion of, or information relating to the
contents of, juvenile case files protected by another state
law or federal law or regulation if disclosure is not
detrimental to the safety, protection, or physical or
emotional well-being of a child who is directly or
indirectly connected to the juvenile case that is the
subject of the petition. This paragraph shall not be
construed to limit the ability of the juvenile court to
carry out its duties in conducting juvenile court
proceedings.
b) Prior to the release of the juvenile case file or any
portion thereof, the court shall afford due process,
including a notice of and an opportunity to file an
objection to the release of the record or report to all
interested parties. [Penal Code Section 827(a)(3).]
6)A juvenile case file, any portion thereof, and information
relating to the content of the juvenile case file, may not be
disseminated by the receiving agencies to any persons or
agencies, other than those persons or agencies authorized to
receive documents pursuant to this section. Further, a
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juvenile case file, any portion thereof, and information
relating to the content of the juvenile case file, may not be
made as an attachment to any other documents without the prior
approval of the presiding judge of the juvenile court, unless
it is used in connection with and in the course of a criminal
investigation or a proceeding brought to declare a person a
dependent child or ward of the juvenile court. [Penal Code
Section 827(a)(4).]
7)While the Legislature reaffirms its belief that juvenile court
records, in general, should be confidential, it is the intent
of the Legislature in enacting this subdivision to provide for
a limited exception to juvenile court record confidentiality
to promote more effective communication among juvenile courts,
family courts, law enforcement agencies, and schools to ensure
the rehabilitation of juvenile criminal offenders as well as
to lessen the potential for drug use, violence, other forms of
delinquency, and child abuse. [WIC Section 827(b)(1).]
8)Written notice that a minor enrolled in a public school,
kindergarten to Grade 12, inclusive, has been found by a court
of competent jurisdiction to have committed any felony or any
misdemeanor involving curfew, gambling, alcohol, drugs,
tobacco products, carrying of weapons, a sex offense listed in
Penal Code Section 290, assault or battery, larceny,
vandalism, or graffiti shall be provided by the court, within
seven days, to the superintendent of the school district of
attendance. Written notice shall include only the offense
found to have been committed by the minor and the disposition
of the minor's case. This notice shall be expeditiously
transmitted by the district superintendent to the principal at
the school of attendance. The principal shall expeditiously
disseminate the information to those counselors directly
supervising or reporting on the behavior or progress of the
minor. In addition, the principal shall disseminate the
information to any teacher or administrator directly
supervising or reporting on the behavior or progress of the
minor whom the principal believes needs the information to
work with the pupil in an appropriate fashion, to avoid being
needlessly vulnerable or to protect other persons from
needless vulnerability. [WIC Section 827(b)(2).]
9)Any information received by a teacher, counselor, or
administrator under this subdivision shall be received in
confidence for the limited purpose of rehabilitating the minor
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and protecting students and staff, and shall not be further
disseminated by the teacher, counselor, or administrator,
except insofar as communication with the juvenile, his or her
parents or guardians, law enforcement personnel, and the
juvenile's probation officer is necessary to effectuate the
juvenile's rehabilitation or to protect students and staff.
[WIC Section 827(b)(2).]
10)An intentional violation of the confidentiality provisions of
this paragraph is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to
exceed $500. [WIC Section 827(b)(2).]
11)Provides that if a minor is removed from public school as a
result of the court's finding, the superintendent shall
maintain the information in a confidential file and shall
defer transmittal of the information received from the court
until the minor is returned to public school. If the minor is
returned to a school district other than the one from which
the minor came, the parole or probation officer having
jurisdiction over the minor shall so notify the superintendent
of the last district of attendance, who shall transmit the
notice received from the court to the superintendent of the
new district of attendance. [WIC Section 827(b)(3).]
12)Provides that each probation report filed with the court
concerning a minor whose record is subject to dissemination
shall include on the face sheet the school at which the minor
is currently enrolled. The county superintendent shall
provide the court with a listing of all of the schools within
each school district, within the county, along with the name
and mailing address of each district superintendent. [WIC
Section 827(c).]
13)Provides that each notice sent by the court shall be stamped
with the instruction: "Unlawful Dissemination Of This
Information Is A Misdemeanor." Any information received from
the court shall be kept in a separate confidential file at the
school of attendance and shall be transferred to the minor's
subsequent schools of attendance and maintained until the
minor graduates from high school, is released from juvenile
court jurisdiction, or reaches the age of 18 years, whichever
occurs first. After that time the confidential record shall
be destroyed. At any time after the date by which a record
required to be destroyed by this section should have been
destroyed, the minor or his or her parent or guardian shall
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have the right to make a written request to the principal of
the school that the minor's school records be reviewed to
ensure that the record has been destroyed. Upon completion of
any requested review and no later than 30 days after the
request for the review was received, the principal or his or
her designee shall respond in writing to the written request
and either shall confirm that the record has been destroyed
or, if the record has not been destroyed, shall explain why
destruction has not yet occurred. [WIC Section 827(d).]
14)Provides that for purposes of this section, a "juvenile case
file" means a petition filed in any juvenile court proceeding,
reports of the probation officer, and all other documents
filed in that case or made available to the probation officer
in making his or her report, or to the judge, referee, or
other hearing officer, and thereafter retained by the
probation officer, judge, referee, or other hearing officer.
[WIC Section 827(e).]
FISCAL EFFECT : Unknown
COMMENTS :
1)Author's Statement : According to the author, "When the State
protects children by removing them from the care of their
parents, then state government, and by extension every
Californian, assumes the role as parent to those children.
Public information about child fatalities and near fatalities
is fundamental in assuring the public that every effort is
being done to protect and safeguard all children who are in
protective custody. This bill will provide the public with
insight into the circumstances that led to a child fatality or
near fatality, so that other children will not suffer a
similar fate.
"According to the United States Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS), existing California law requiring the public
to petition the juvenile court for the release of records in
child fatality cases does not comply with federal law. DHHS
has notified California that it is out of compliance with
CAPTA, and that the State risks losing over $3 million in
federal CAPTA funds for failure to comply. This bill will
amend state law to ensure compliance, thus allowing the state
to receive over $3 million in federal funding. The CAPTA
disclosure requirements are an exception to general
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confidentiality laws, and are intended to ensure that the
public has access to information in order to prevent tragedies
from recurring.
"This bill is consistent with a California constitutional
amendment which indicates that the people have the right of
access to information concerning the conduct of the people's
business, thereby all meetings of public bodies and writings
of public officials and agencies shall be open to public
scrutiny.
"Since this bill focuses on the conditions that led to a child
fatality or near fatality in foster care, all information
relating to another child, a county employee or state
employee, or an individual who reports abuse or neglect of a
child will be redacted prior to releasing the records. In
addition, any information that would jeopardize a criminal
investigation or proceeding will be withheld from release."
2)California Is In Compliance With CAPTA : In a series of
letters between the United States DHHS and DSS written between
September 2005 and February of this year, California's
compliance with CAPTA was discussed. While initially the
United States DHHS stated that California "may not be in
compliance with CAPTA" they agreed to California's correction
action plan submitted on January 31, 2006 to address the
compliance issue and released California's CAPTA Basic State
Grant award. Staff has spoken with the United States DHHS and
verified that California is in compliance with CAPTA.
3)Procedures are Already in Place to Allow Access to Records of
a Deceased Minor : WIC Section 827(2) provides that "juvenile
case files . . . that pertain to a deceased child who was
within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court . . . shall be
released to the public pursuant to an order by the juvenile
court after a petition has been filed and interested parties
have been afforded an opportunity to file an objection. Any
information relating to another child or which could identify
another child, except for information about the deceased,
shall be redacted from the juvenile case file prior to
release, unless a specific order is made by the juvenile court
to the contrary . . . the presiding judge of the juvenile
court may issue an order prohibiting or limiting access to the
juvenile case file, or any portion thereof, of a deceased
child only upon a showing that release of the juvenile case
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file or any portion thereof is detrimental to the safety,
protection, or physical or emotional well-being of another
child who is directly or indirectly connected to the juvenile
case that is the subject of the petition." The author has
presented no evidence that these procedures have barred or
hindered suits against the state in the case of a child who
has died while in foster care.
4)Public Policy Concerns Regarding Unfettered Access to Juvenile
Records : WIC Section 827, governing juvenile case file
inspection, along with the California Court Rule governing the
confidentiality of juvenile court records, reflect the
legislative determination that the juvenile court has both the
sensitive and expertise to make decisions about access to
juvenile records. [ People v. Superior Court (2003) 132
Cal.Rptr 2d 144.] The court went on to say that WIC Section
827 represents a legislative decisions to give some but not
all persons free entry into juvenile records manifests an
intent that those not expressly enumerated must show
legitimate need for juvenile records. (Id.) As the author is
most concerned with access to records in the case of a death
of a child, the court has noted that in considering a petition
for obtaining access to juvenile case records of a child who
has died, no weighing or balancing of interest is required;
the files must be released unless there is a showing that
release of the file or any portion thereof is detrimental to
the safety, protection, or physical, or emotional well=-being
of another child who is directly or indirectly connected to
the juvenile case that is the subject of the petition. [ In re
Elijah S. (2005) 24 Cal.Reptr.3d 16.]
5)Suggested Amendments : The County Welfare Directors
Association of California suggested two amendments:
a) On Page 10, delete Lines 26-29, insert, "(i) Any
information relating to another individual, including but
not limited to dependent or non-dependent siblings,
step-siblings, half siblings; faster parents; relative
caretakers; relatives; and prospective adoptive parents
that could identify another individual, except for
information germane to ascertaining the cause or manner of
death or near fatality of the deceased child or the child
who suffered a near fatality.
b) On Page 10, Line 34, insert: "(v) Any information that
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is prohibited from disclosure under state or federal law."
6)Arguments in Support : According to Children's Advocacy
Institute, "When the state uses its power to intervene in a
family and remove a child from the care of their parents
because the child is in peril, state government - and by
extension, every Californian - assumes a tremendous and deeply
personal responsibility for the life and well-being of the
child. The assumption for removing a child from the care of
their parents is that the child will be safer under the care
of the state.
"Thus, when a child dies or nearly dies under the care of the
state, the tragedy - if possible - is compounded. DSS has
stated that in the year 1999-2000 sixty-six California
children died due to physical trauma while in foster care.
Yet, little is known about how these children died, and hence,
the California public - in a very real sense, the parents of
the foster care child - are let out of the discussion about
how to prevent more children from dying in the future.
" . . . this bill will require that any juvenile court and state
and county agency records that pertain to a case of child
abuse or neglect that has resulted in a child dying or nearly
dying be released to a requesting person without prior court
order and subject to the redaction of any identifying
information concerning other children, county or state
personnel, mandatory voluntary reports of abuse or any
information that would jeopardize a criminal prosecution.
This bill permits the custodian of any records sought to be
released, despite the redaction, to petition the juvenile
court to prohibit the release if the release would be
seriously and unavoidable detrimental to the safety,
protection, or physical or emotional well-being of another
child."
7)Arguments in Opposition :
a) According to the California Public Defenders
Association , "California already has an explicit statutory
scheme which balances the dual interests of confidentiality
and public disclosure. (WIC Section 827, California Rules
of Court Rule 1423). Historically, juvenile court records
have been confidential in order to prevent stigma, to
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further the purposes of family unity and preservation, and
to further rehabilitation in delinquency. Confidentiality
also furthers the purpose of fostering open communication
in sensitive areas. However, state law allows for this
'veil' of confidentiality to be pierced - where
appropriate.
" . . . In cases of fatal child abuse or neglect, there is a
presumption for disclosure of pertinent records. In such
cases, the records 'shall be released' unless there is a
showing that release of the file is detrimental to the
safety, protection or physical or emotional well-being of
another child who is directly or indirectly connected to
the case." [WIC Section 827(a)(2); In re Elijah S. (2005)
125 Cal.App.4th 1532.] In fact, records shall be released
even if the child victim was not a formal dependent of the
court, but suffered serious abuse or neglect. [ In re
Elijah S. , 125 Cal.App.4th at 1534, 1544 (upholding
juvenile's court's order releasing child welfare and social
services records in cases of two abused deceased minors,
despite no formal dependence petition).]"
b) According to the County Welfare Directors Association of
California (CWDA), "The public's access to understanding
the workings of the child welfare system is clearly an
important societal goal. So too, however, is the goal of
protecting the privacy and confidentiality of innocent
parties whose very personal and sensitive information is
often included in juvenile case records. As drafted, this
bill unnecessarily and inappropriately compromises the
privacy and confidentiality of persons included in case
records in favor of public access to child welfare case
records. Moreover, this bill goes far beyond what is
required for federal compliance and much further than
almost any other state's disclosure policies. Thus, the
compromise of privacy is not required by federal law.
"This bill would provide for the redaction of information
relating to another child or that could identify another
child, except for the child who suffered the fatality or
near fatality. With respect to other individuals whose
personal information is often included in case records,
the bill provides only for the redaction of names and
contact information for state and county personnel; names
and contact information for persons reporting the abuse or
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neglect; and any information that would jeopardize a
criminal investigation or proceeding.
"Child welfare case files are large and contain information
about many parties, far beyond those contemplated in the
current version of the bill including mental health and
substance abuse histories and diagnoses pertaining to both
children and adults, information regarding the child's
caregivers and information about siblings and non-custodial
parents. Given this, we have the following concerns about
the current bill language:
i) " . . . various federal laws also require the
maintenance of confidentiality for children, parents and
guardians. For example, the Health Information
Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) governs
confidentiality of behavioral health and physical health
record contained in the case files of which this would
require disclosure.
ii) "There are a number of situations we can conceive of
in which the redactions in this bill would not go far
enough. These redactions apply only to identifying
information about other children, state and county staff
and mandated reporters. In contrast, case files contain
information about any number of adults. In particular,
providing sensitive information about a non-custodial
parent, other adults in the family or the child's
caregiver would be unnecessary and inappropriate if they
had nothing to do with the child's death or injury or if
the information that would be released had no connection
to the fatality or near fatality. For example, case files
include very detailed and thorough information about
prospective adoptive parents, such as their marital
history, their financial status, their medical and
psycho-social information, and often information
regarding their extended family. We also believe that
identifying information about the child who suffered the
fatality or near fatality should not automatically be
released. Even in death, we believe that abused children
have a right to privacy.
iii) "The provision of the bill which allows the
custodian of the record to petition the court to provide
for further redaction is an inadequate remedy for several
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reasons. First, it is an unreasonable and costly burden
for under funded child welfare agencies and courts to
petition for further redaction when it is almost certain
that in each case there will be private and confidential
information that is not relevant to the circumstances of
the death or near death. Second, the bill only allows
for this petition in cases where the disclosure would be
"seriously and unavoidably detrimental to the safety,
protection, and physical or mental and emotional well
being of another child," not if disclosure would be
detrimental to other adults such as caregivers and adult
relatives or the dead or injured child him- or herself,
even if the information has no bearing on the
circumstances of the death or near death.
"The CAPTA law specifically requires that states have in
place 'provisions which allow for public disclosure of the
findings or information about the case of child abuse or
neglect which has resulted in a child fatality or near
fatality.' This does not require the release of entire
case records or court files. . . . The various approaches
that states have taken to comply with the CAPTA
requirements suggests that California could choose one of a
number of routes, each with its own implications for child
well-being and future child fatality prevention. . . . We
do not believe that the approach taken in this bill is the
most appropriate for the state, especially given our
concerns regarding the provision of sensitive, potentially
identifying information that may not be germane to a child
fatality or near fatality.
"Balancing the public's access to information about the
child welfare system with the privacy and confidentiality
of many individuals - often victims and those who step up
to help care for abused and neglected children - is a very
difficult and important endeavor. Given the concerns that
we outline above, CWDA urges the inclusion of certain
amendments to remove our opposition to the approach
outlined in the bill. Specifically, we request amendments
that would allow for the custodian of the record to redact
information relating to any individual whose information is
included in the case file, except for information germane
to ascertaining the cause or manner of the death or near
death. We would also request a clarifying amendment that
allows for redaction of information that is prohibited from
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disclosure by other state or federal law. Attached are
draft amendments related to these two requests. Finally, we
are happy to continue to work with the authors as the bill
moves to refine the definition of 'near fatality.'"
8)Prior Legislation : SB 199 (Polanco) Chapter 984, Statutes of
1999, required juvenile courts, if petitioned, to release the
juvenile case file of a deceased child after interested
parties have had an opportunity to file an objection to the
release. The court may prohibit or limit access to these case
files upon a showing that the release would be detrimental to
the well-being of another child connected to the case. SB 199
allows any person to file a petition in juvenile court to open
the case file of a child, and requires that notice of the
petition be provided to interested parties who may file an
objection to the petition.
REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION :
Support
California District Attorneys Association
Children's Advocacy Institute
Opposition
California Public Defenders Association
County Welfare Directors Association of California
Analysis Prepared by : Heather Hopkins / PUB. S. / (916)
319-3744