BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 941
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:   September 11, 2006

                            ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HEALTH
                                Mervyn Dymally, Chair
                  AB 941 (Torrico) - As Amended:  September 7, 2007
           
          SUBJECT  :   Emergency medical technicians: certificates:  
          discipline.

           SUMMARY  :   Revises the disciplinary authority of local emergency  
          medical services agencies (LEMSAs) with regard to emergency  
          medical technicians (EMTs).  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Requires the Emergency Medical Services Authority (EMSA) to  
            maintain a central registry for monitoring and tracking of  
            EMT-I and EMT-II certification status and EMT-Paramedic  
            (EMT-P) licensure status, to be used by LEMSAs and employers  
            of EMTs.  Requires the registry to include the name of each  
            EMT certificated or licensed person, the issuing agency, date  
            of issue, status of license or certificate, and background  
            check information.  Makes the registry contingent on a  
            specific Budget appropriation if additional funds are needed  
            for this purpose.

          2)Requires LEMSAs to provide certification status updates within  
            three working days following a certification status change.

          3)Requires emergency medical service providers to verify that a  
            background check is completed on each EMT certificate holder  
            and submit the certification data required by this bill. 

          4)Requires EMSA to establish recommended guidelines for all of  
            the following:

             a)   Disciplinary orders, temporary suspensions, and  
               conditions of probation to be used by emergency medical  
               services (EMS) providers and LEMSAs when imposing  
               disciplinary action;

             b)   The issuance and renewal of EMT-I and EMT-II  
               certificates by EMS providers and LEMSAs as specified; and,

             c)   Disciplinary hearings for EMT-I and EMT-II personnel.

          5)Requires EMS providers to do all of the following:








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             a)   Conduct investigations, as necessary, and take  
               disciplinary action against EMTs employed by the EMS  
               provider for conduct that is considered a threat to public  
               safety, as defined (see #9) below);

             b)   Develop and implement disciplinary plans established in  
               accordance with the state guidelines developed by EMSA;  
               and, 

             c)   Notify the LEMSA of the disciplinary plan, which may  
               also contain a recommendation that the LESMA consider  
               taking action against the EMT's certification. 

          6)States that any information reported or disclosed by an  
            employer pursuant to the employer's investigation or  
            disciplinary action is deemed to be an investigatory  
            communication exempt from disclosure under the Public Records  
            Act.

          7)Requires a LESMA to conduct investigations and disciplinary  
            actions of unemployed EMT-I and EMT-II personnel. 

          8)Revises the LEMSAs authority to deny, suspend, or revoke an  
            EMT-I or EMT-II certificate by adding the following  
            provisions:

             a)   Require the LEMSA to follow the disciplinary hearing  
               procedures established by EMSA;

             b)   Permit the LEMSA to take disciplinary action, if one of  
               the following is true, for conduct that is considered a  
               threat to public safety, as defined (see #9) below):

               i)     The EMS provider recommended certification action in  
                 the disciplinary plan;

               ii)          The EMS provider failed to impose discipline,  
                 or the medical director makes a finding that the  
                 discipline imposed was not sufficient and the act or   
                 omission constitutes grounds for certification action;  
                 or,

               iii)         The LEMSA determines that disciplinary action  
                 against the certificate is necessary for a person not  








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                 employed as an EMT.

          9)Permits a LEMSA to refer to EMSA the task of performing the  
            LEMSA's duties under #7) above.

          10)   Adds the following to the current list of actions that are  
            evidence of a threat to the public health and safety:

             a)   Denial of licensure or certification in another state or  
               by any other California licensing entity;

             b)   Impersonating an applicant or acting as a proxy in an  
               exam or continuing education;

             c)   Making a false statement in connection with the  
               application for a certification or license;

             d)   Impersonating another practitioner, or permitting  
               another to impersonate a practitioner of emergency medical  
               services;

             e)   Obtaining or possessing a controlled substance;

             f)   Use of controlled substances, prescription drugs or  
               alcohol that is dangerous to the EMT or another person, or  
               the public, or that impairs the EMT's ability to perform  
               his or her duties;

             g)   Conviction of a criminal offense involving the  
               prescription, consumption or self-administration of  
               controlled substances or alcohol, or the possession or  
               falsification of a prescription record;

             h)   Being committed or confined by a court for intemperate  
               use of or addiction to controlled  substances or alcohol;  
               and,

             i)   Falsifying or making grossly incorrect entries in any  
               hospital, patient, or other record pertaining to controlled  
               substances.

          11)   States that this bill shall not be construed to limit or  
            impair the medical control of the medical director of a LEMSA  
            granted pursuant to existing law.









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          12)   Includes an urgency clause, allowing this bill to take  
            effect immediately upon enactment.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Permits the medical director of the LEMSA, in accordance with  
            regulations, to deny, suspend, or revoke any EMT-I or EMT-II  
            certificate issued, or to place any EMT-I or EMT-II  
            certificate holder on probation, upon the finding by the  
            medical director of the occurrence of actions, as specified.

          2)Requires EMSA to ensure that the LEMSA's disciplinary policies  
            and procedures are, at a minimum, effective in protecting the  
            due process rights of any EMT-I or EMT-II certificate holder,  
            in accordance with the Administrative Procedures Act, as  
            specified.

          3)Requires an EMT-P employer to report in writing to the LEMSA  
            and the EMSA, and provide all supporting documentation within  
            30 days, if an EMT-P is terminated or suspended for  
            disciplinary reasons, resigns following notice of an impending  
            investigation, or is removed from duty for disciplinary  
            reasons.  States that the information reported or disclosed  
            pursuant to this provision is deemed to be an investigatory  
            communication exempt from disclosure under the Public Records  
            Act.  

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   The fiscal effect for a similar bill, SB 583  
          (Ridley-Thomas) as analyzed by the Senate Appropriations  
          Committee estimated costs to the General Fund for program  
          support of $91,000 for fiscal year (FY) 2007-08; $168,000 for FY  
          2008-09; and, $168,000 for FY 2009-10.

           COMMENTS  :   

           1)PURPOSE  .  According to the author, several different agencies  
            are authorized to issue EMT certificates under current law but  
            some of these agencies have little or no supervisory role over  
            an EMT's daily duties authorized under the certification.  The  
            author states that current law vests explicit authority for  
            disciplining EMTs with only one entity, a LEMSA.  When  
            exercising its explicit disciplinary authority, a LEMSA is not  
            required to take into consideration any other appropriately  
            administered discipline that may otherwise be concurrently  
            imposed by an EMT's employing agency, such as a fire  








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            department, which has supervisory and disciplinary control  
            over its EMT certificate holders.   As a result, some EMT  
            disciplinary actions imposed by a LEMSA may be duplicative,  
            inconsistent, and excessive, which creates a punitive  
            environment of double jeopardy in disciplinary matters.

           2)BACKGROUND  .  EMT-Is, by far the most common of the EMTs, are  
            skilled medical workers who respond by ambulance to medical  
            emergencies for the injured and ill.  They are sent to  
            emergencies by dispatchers who maintain radio contact or patch  
            them through to medical professionals for ongoing  
            instructions.  Following instructions, they examine victims to  
            determine the nature and extent of an injury or illness and  
            administer first aid and emergency basic life support, such as  
            giving oxygen and doing cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  They  
            continue the basic life support treatment during transport to  
            hospitals.  EMT-Is help the emergency room staff with  
            pre-admittance treatment and obtain medical histories.   
            EMT-II's, who are utilized primarily in rural areas, perform  
            all of the tasks required of EMT-Is, plus more complex  
            procedures such as inserting intravenous catheters,  
            administering intravenous glucose solutions, administering a  
            limited number of drugs, and obtaining blood samples for  
            laboratory analysis.  EMT-Ps are paramedics who are the most  
            highly trained in all phases of emergency and pre-hospital  
            care, including emergency advanced life support treatment.

          A variety of institutions provide approved EMT-I training  
            programs for EMT certification.  These institutions include  
            community colleges, county health departments, EMS agencies,  
            adult schools, ambulance companies, state universities and  
            school districts.  These programs are open to the general  
            public.  Fire departments provide the training for  
            firefighters exclusively.  EMT certification may be a  
            condition of employment in the fire department.  To be  
            certified as an EMT, the applicant must successfully complete  
            the training program and pass a written and skills certifying  
            examination.  Certification is done by LEMSAs, the State Fire  
            Marshal, and some of the fire departments that offer the  
            training program.  In addition to ambulance attendants, many  
            firefighters and police officers have EMT certificates which  
            can be a condition of employment.  According to the EMSA,  
            there are approximately 70,000 EMT-Is certified statewide,  
            with an estimated 10,000 new EMT-Is certified annually; less  
            than 100 EMTs-II are certified in California.








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           3)SUPPORT  .  Supporters argue that this bill represents a  
            consensus product of many of the participants of the EMS  
            Commission's Task Force which was convened in December 2005 to  
            address issues surrounding EMT certification and discipline.   
            Supporters believe this bill protects the public by  
            establishing a statewide standard for EMT certification, a  
            statewide database of background checks for all EMTs, and  
            standardized disciplinary procedures.

           4)OPPOSE  .  The California Newspaper Publishers Association  
            opposes this bill because of the provision which states that  
            information reported or disclosed by an employer to the LEMSA  
            is deemed to be an investigatory communication and exempt from  
            disclosure under the Public Records Act. 

           5)URGENCY CLAUSE  .  This bill contains an urgency clause,  
            allowing this bill to take effect immediately upon enactment.

           6)SENATE AMENDMENTS .  This bill was substantially amended in the  
            Senate and the Assembly-approved provisions of this bill were  
            deleted.  This bill, as amended in the Senate, is inconsistent  
            with Assembly actions.  The subject matter of the current  
            version of this bill has not been heard in an Assembly policy  
            committee.



           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          California Ambulance Association (sponsor)
          California Professional Firefighters (sponsor)
          American Medical Response
          Emergency Medical Services Administrators Association of  
          California
           
          Opposition 
           
          California Newspaper Publishers Association

           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    John Gilman / HEALTH / (916) 319-2097