BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                           Senator Ellen M. Corbett, Chair
                              2009-2010 Regular Session


          AJR 37 (De Leon)  
          As Amended April 29, 2010
          Hearing Date: June 10, 2010
          Fiscal: No
          Urgency: No
          KB:jd
                    

                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                                     Immigration

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          This measure, sponsored by the Coalition for Humane Immigrant  
          Rights of Los Angeles, would specify principles for repairing  
          the nation's immigration system and would urge Congress and the  
          President of the United States to take a comprehensive and  
          workable approach to improving the nation's immigration system  
          using those principles.

                                      BACKGROUND  

          Based on March 2008 data collected by the United States Census  
          Bureau, an estimated 11.9 million unauthorized immigrants live  
          in the United States, making up four percent of the nation's  
          population, and 5.4 percent of the nation's workforce.  (See A  
          Portrait of Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States, Pew  
          Hispanic Center, April 14, 2009.)  In California, unauthorized  
          workers constitute roughly ten percent of the labor force, and  
          are especially likely to hold low-skilled jobs.  A third of the  
          children of unauthorized immigrants and a fifth of adult  
          unauthorized immigrants live in poverty, which is nearly double  
          the poverty rate for children of U.S. born parents or for U.S.  
          born adults.  (Id.)

          For many years, comprehensive immigration reform has been at the  
          forefront of national debate.  This measure would urge Congress  
          and the President of the United States to take a comprehensive  
          and workable approach to improving the nation's immigration  
          system.
                                                                (more)



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                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           This resolution  declares that the United States of America was  
          founded by immigrants who came from around the world seeking a  
          better life.

           This resolution  finds that the current immigration system is  
          broken, separates families, reduces the effectiveness of  
          national security programs, contributes to labor abuses, and  
          creates long backlogs for families seeking naturalization.  This  
          resolution further finds that the current immigration system  
          neglects the hard work and financial contributions immigrants  
          make to our country.

           This resolution  finds that about 11 million undocumented  
          immigrants are in the United States; that California has one of  
          the biggest populations of immigrants, both legal and  
          undocumented; that immigrants and their children constitute  
          nearly one-half of California's population and contribute to  
          local economies; and, that approximately 77 percent of  
          undocumented immigrants that reside in California live with  
          family members that are legal United States residents and  
          citizens.

           This resolution  finds that one in eleven workers in California  
          is an undocumented immigrant, and immigrants are a vibrant,  
          productive, and vital part of the state's growing economy,  
          diverse cultural fabric, and changing demographics.  This  
          resolution further finds that immigrant worker populations in  
          California are concentrated in a variety of sectors, including  
          leisure and hospitality, construction, food and agriculture,  
          service, transportation, and textile sectors.  

           This resolution  declares that the integration of immigrants and  
          the development of a comprehensive approach to solve our broken  
          immigration system is critical to ensure that our state  
          continues to have a strong economy.  This resolution further  
          declares that fixing our broken immigration system would have a  
          positive impact on the economy because moving workers out of a  
          vulnerable underground status produces both short-term and  
          long-term economic gains.  
                                                                      



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           This resolution  finds that recent data released by the  
          University of California, Los Angeles, indicates that legalizing  
          the status of undocumented immigrants working and living in the  
          United States would create roughly $1.5 trillion in additional  
          GDP growth over 10 years, and increase wages for all workers.   
          This resolution further finds that a study released by the  
          University of Southern California estimates that the immediate  
          and long-term effects of enacting comprehensive immigration  
          reform would result in a $16 billion boost to California's  
          economy.

           This resolution  declares that modernizing our antiquated and  
          dysfunctional immigration system will uphold our Nation's basic  
          values of fairness, equal opportunity, and respect for the law.

           This resolution  declares that a comprehensive approach to solve  
          our broken immigration system, one that works for all  
          communities and families in America, should include the  
          following elements:  1) a plan for providing legal status with a  
          path to citizenship to undocumented immigrants who are working  
          and living in the United States, which should include the AgJOBS  
          Act of 2009 and DREAM Act of 2009; 2) improvement of the  
          economic situation of all workers in the United States; 3) the  
          reform of visa programs in order to keep families together,  
          protect workers' rights, and ensure that future immigration is  
          regulated and controlled rather than illegal and chaotic; 4) the  
          implementation of smart, effective enforcement measures targeted  
          at the worst violators of immigration and labor laws; 5)  
          prioritizing immigrant integration into our communities and  
          country; and, 6) respect for the due process rights of everyone  
          in the United States.

           This resolution  urges the President and the Congress of the  
          United States to take a comprehensive and workable approach to  
          solving our Nation's broken immigration system, using the  
          foregoing principles.

                                        COMMENT
           
              1.   Stated need for the bill
           
          The author states:

            In 2009, President Obama voiced his commitment to pursue  
            comprehensive immigration reform and take action on the matter  
                                                                      



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            in 2010.  Unfortunately, partisan gridlock in Washington is  
            threatening to stall major reforms including overhauling our  
            current antiquated and dysfunctional immigration system.  
            Congress needs to create a sensible path to citizenship for  
            the millions of undocumented immigrants and create flexible  
            legal limits on future immigration that will uphold our  
            nation's basic values of fairness, equal opportunity, and  
            respect for the law.  Comprehensive immigration reform would  
            help lay the foundation for robust, just and widespread  
            economic growth.

          In support of this measure, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant  
          Rights of Los Angeles writes:

            It is imperative for California to voice its support for  
            comprehensive immigration reform because a significant number  
            of its residents are undocumented and businesses in this state  
            are being affected by the lack of a legal workforce.  

            Our current immigration system is in peril and directly  
            affecting the growth of business in the United States and  
            California. While Congress has attempted to reform our broken  
            immigration system, the only policies that continue to be  
            implemented, thus far are enforcement-only policies. As a  
            result, employers are trying to mitigate potential damages to  
            their companies by hiring lawyers, accountants and other  
            professionals.  Furthermore, employers that in good faith have  
            verified the employment eligibility of their workers, but are  
            audited and found to have hired unauthorized workers are faced  
            with stiff penalties.  A more punitive approach towards  
            law-abiding employers could result in a decrease in the  
            nation's G.D.P.  In addition, worksite enforcement outside of  
            a reformed immigration system has led to undocumented workers  
            being fired through I-9 audits, affecting business owners and  
            workers alike, and sending a chilling effect to local  
            economies already hurting from the State's budget crisis and  
            double-digit unemployment.  Lastly, the current punitive  
            approach towards employers in a long-run would result in a  
            reduction of 2.2 [percent] in the total number of jobs by 2019  
            ? [California's immigrants] contribute not only to its  
            diversity and its economy but also to its legacy as a state  
            welcoming of immigrants.  The immigration enforcement  
            practices of the past administration, pursued to this day by  
            the Obama Administration, continue to tear California families  
            apart.  Unprecedented numbers of immigrants are locked up in a  
            network of detention centers in the state, and a greater  
                                                                      



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            number are deported on a daily basis.
           
             2.   Resolution specifies principles to be used for  
               immigration reform
           
          Pursuant to the United States Constitution, which grants the  
          federal government the power to establish a uniform Rule of  
          Nationalization and regulate commerce with foreign nations, the  
          federal government possesses the exclusive power to regulate  
          immigration.  (U.S. Const., art. I, section 8, clauses 3 and 4;  
          see also LULAC v. Wilson, (1995) 908 F. Supp. 755, 786-87.)   
          Because the federal government bears the exclusive  
          responsibility for immigration matters, the states "can neither  
          add to nor take from the conditions lawfully imposed by Congress  
          upon admission, naturalization and residence of aliens in the  
          United States or the several states."  (Takahashi v. Fish & Game  
          Commission, (1948) 334 U.S. 410, 419.) 

          This resolution would specify certain principles and would urge  
          the Congress and President to use these principles in developing  
          a comprehensive approach to immigration reform.  These  
          principles include a plan for providing legal status with a path  
          to citizenship to undocumented immigrants working and living in  
          the United States, which should include the AgJOBS Act of 2009  
          and the DREAM Act of 2009.  The AgJOBS Act of 2009 (S. 1038) is  
          sponsored by Dianne Feinstein and would improve agricultural job  
          opportunities, benefits, and security for immigrants.  This bill  
          is currently pending in the U.S. Senate Judiciary Subcommittee.   
          The DREAM Act of 2009 (S. 729) is sponsored by Senator Richard  
          Durbin and would provide undocumented students who graduate from  
          U.S. high schools, are of good moral character, arrived in the  
          U.S. as minors, and have been in the country continuously for at  
          least five years prior to the bill's enactment, the opportunity  
          to earn conditional permanent residency.  This bill is currently  
          pending in the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee.

          This resolution further outlines the additional following  
          principles as the framework that should be used in developing a  
          plan for comprehensive immigration reform: (1) improvement of  
          the economic situation of all workers in the U.S.; (2) the  
          reform of visa programs; (3) the implementation of smart,  
          effective enforcement measures targeted at the worst violators  
          of immigration laws; (4) prioritizing immigrant integration in  
          our communities; and (5) respect for the due process rights of  
          everyone in the United States.

                                                                      



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          3.   Suggested technical amendment  

          In order to correct a typographical error, committee staff  
          suggests the following amendment:

            On page 3, line 24 strike "plan"


           Support  :  Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment;  
          Anti-Defamation League; California Immigrant Policy Center;  
          California Landscape Contractors Association; California  
          Partnership; California Teachers Association; Contra Costa  
          Interfaith Supporting Community Organization; Council on  
          American-Islamic Relations, Greater Los Angeles Chapter; East  
          Bay Alliance for a Sustainable Economy; Japanese American  
          Citizens League, Pacific Southwest Division; Jewish Community  
          Relations Council; Los Angeles Metropolitan Hispanic Chambers of  
          Commerce; National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference;  
          National Korean American Service & Education Consortium; PUEBLO  
          Action Fund; Service Employees International Union 

           Opposition  :  None Known

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles

           Related Pending Legislation  :

          AJR 15 (De Leon) would urge the Congress of the United States to  
          include the Reuniting Families Act and the United American  
          Families Act in comprehensive immigration reform.  This  
          resolution is currently pending in the Senate Judiciary  
          Committee.

          SJR 19 (Cedillo) would condemn specified policies and practices  
          of federal agencies regarding the enforcement of immigration  
          laws, and urges Congress and the President of the United States  
          to declare an immediate moratorium on those policies and  
          practices until a comprehensive reform of immigration laws is  
          enacted and implemented.  This resolution is currently pending  
          in the Assembly.

          SCR 108 (Harman) would exhort the Congress and President of the  
          United States to exhibit responsible leadership by enacting  
          comprehensive immigration reform; develop a fair, purposeful  
                                                                      



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          immigration reform solution that controls the country's borders  
          and the costs to state and local governments; preserve the  
          paramount importance of lawful immigration to our culture,  
          economy, and future; and balance the need for secure borders and  
          sound residency requirements with America's fundamental values.   
          This measure is currently pending in the Assembly.

           Prior Legislation  :  None Known
           
          Prior Vote  :

          Assembly Judiciary Committee (Ayes 6, Noes 2)
          Assembly Floor (Ayes 44, Noes 25)

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