BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                           Senator Ellen M. Corbett, Chair
                              2009-2010 Regular Session


          AB 350 (Lieu)
          As Amended June 14, 2010
          Hearing Date: June 22, 2010
          Fiscal: Yes
          Urgency: No
          BCP:jd
                    

                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                           Debt Management and Settlement

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          This bill would enact the Debt Settlement Service Act for the  
          purpose of licensing debt settlement service providers.  That  
          Act would, among other things:
           prohibit the offering of debt settlement services unless that  
            provider is licensed by the Department of Corporations, as  
            specified;
           exempt a person or entity licensed as a debt settlement  
            services provider from the Check Sellers, Bill Payers, and  
            Proraters Law, as specified;
           provide specific requirements that a provider must comply with  
            in offering debt settlement services, including the  
            preparation of a written financial analysis, and a good faith  
            estimate on the length of time it will take to complete the  
            program, prior to entering into an agreement with a consumer;  
            and
           provide that an agreement is void if the provider is not  
            licensed by the Act.

          This bill would not cap the fees that can be charged by a debt  
          settlement service provider.  

          This bill would become effective on January 1, 2012.

                                      BACKGROUND  

          Debt settlement companies work on a consumer's behalf with the  
          consumer's creditors to reduce their overall debts.  Consumers  
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          who contract with a debt settlement company are typically  
          instructed to put money aside in a bank account, and add to that  
          account each month.  The debt settlement company then negotiates  
          with the consumer's creditors to reach a settlement on the debt  
          that the consumer then pays with funds that were set aside in  
          the bank account.  

          On average, the sponsors note that consumers bring between  
          $20,000 to $30,000 into a debt settlement program.  Those  
          programs generally last three years, although some consumers do  
          complete the program in 24 months or less.  Despite promises to  
          settle a portion of a consumer's debt for pennies on the dollar,  
          many question whether the average consumer who enters into debt  
          settlement actually benefits.  The New York Times' April 19,  
          2009 article entitled Debt Settlers Offer Promises but Little  
          Help reported:

            As many as 2,000 settlement companies operate in the United  
            States, triple the number of a few years ago.  Settlement  
            ads offering financial salvation blanket radio and  
            late-night television.  Consumers who turn to these  
            companies sometimes get help from them, personal finance  
            experts say, but that is not the typical experience.  More  
            often, they say, a settlement company collects a large fee,  
            often 15% of the total debt, and accomplishes little or  
            nothing on the consumer's behalf.

            . . .   [D]ebt settlement firms frequently manage to please  
            no one.  An executive of the American Bankers Association,  
            representing the credit card industry at a recent forum,  
            labeled debt settlement companies "very harmful" to both  
            creditor and consumer.  Even debt collectors are upset,  
            saying the settlement companies prevent them from  
            collecting.

            The premise of debt settlement is simple: A consumer stops  
            trying to pay even the minimum on his cards.  Instead, he  
            accumulates money in an account that the settlement company  
            promises to use to strike a bargain with creditors.  
            Confronted with the certainty of some money now versus the  
            possibility of no money later, the card company settles for  
            40 cents on the dollar or less.

            Even if the goal makes sense, achieving it can be difficult.  
             Once the consumer stops paying the minimums, the card  
            companies increase efforts to collect.  Their fees and  
                                                                      



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            interest charges do not stop.  They may sue.  The consumer's  
            credit score falls through the floor.

          Last session, several bills sought to enact a similar licensing  
          scheme for debt settlement providers - AB 2611 (Lieu, 2008) was  
          double referred to the Senate Committee on Banking, Finance and  
          Insurance (and this Committee) but never was heard in that  
          committee; SB 1678 (Florez, 2008) contained similar provisions  
          as AB 2611 but failed passage in the Senate Banking, Finance and  
          Insurance Committee.  

          Although amended significantly from AB 2611 and SB 1678, this  
          bill would similarly enact the Debt Settlement Services Act (the  
          Act) for the purpose of licensing debt settlement service  
          providers.  This bill was originally set for hearing in this  
          Committee on July 14, 2009, but was put over at the request of  
          the author.  The bill, as amended June 14, 2010, is  
          substantially similar to the prior version of the bill with the  
          general exception of numerous clarifying amendments and the  
          removal of the cap on the amount a provider can charge for their  
          services - thus, as amended, there is no limitation on when, and  
          how much, a provider can charge a consumer.

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW
           
           Existing law  , the Check Sellers, Bill Payers, and Proraters Law,  
          is administered by the Department of Corporations (DOC), and  
          defines a prorater as a person who, for compensation, engages in  
          whole or in part in the business of receiving money or evidences  
          thereof for the purpose of distributing the money or evidences  
          among creditors in payment or partial payment of the obligations  
          of the debtor. (Fin. Code Sec. 12000 et seq.)

           Existing law  limits the fees that may be charged by a prorater,  
          or by any other person for the prorater's services, to an  
          origination fee of up to $50, plus 12 percent of the first  
          $3,000 distributed by the prorater to the creditors of a debtor;  
          11percent of the next $2,000; and 10 percent of any of the  
          remaining payments, except for payments made on recurrent  
          obligations, as defined. (Fin. Code Sec. 12314.)

           Existing law  provides that when a debtor has not canceled or  
          defaulted on the performance of his or her contract with the  
          prorater within 12 months after engaging in the contract with  
          the prorater, the prorater must refund the origination fee.  
          (Fin. Code Sec. 12314.)
                                                                      



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           Existing law  prohibits a prorater from receiving any fee unless  
          he or she has the consent of at least 51 percent of the total  
          amount of indebtedness and of the number of creditors listed in  
          the prorater's contract with the debtor, or unless a like number  
          of creditors have accepted a distribution of payment. (Fin. Code  
          Sec. 12315.)

           Existing law  provides that if a prorater contracts for,  
          receives, or makes any charge in excess of the maximum allowed  
          under the Check Sellers, Bill Payers, and Proraters Law, except  
          as the result of an accidental and bona fide error, the  
          prorater's contract with the debtor is void, and the prorater is  
          required to return to the debtor all charges received from the  
          debtor.  (Fin. Code Sec. 12316.)

           Existing law  provides an exemption from the Check Sellers, Bill  
          Payers, and Proraters Law for nonprofit community service  
          organizations, as specified, and limits the fees that may be  
          charged by these organizations, when providing services to a  
          debtor, to a one-time fee of up to $50, plus the lesser of $35  
          or 8 percent of the amount disbursed monthly for debt management  
          plans, or up to 15 percent of the amount of debt forgiven for  
          negotiated debt settlement plans.  (Fin. Code Sec. 12104.)

           Existing law  provides for administrative penalties of up to  
          $2,500 per violation of the Check Sellers, Bill Payers, and  
          Proraters Law, and states that any licensee or person who  
          willfully violates any provision of the law, or any rule or  
          order adopted pursuant to the law, is liable for a civil penalty  
          of up to $10,000, enforceable by the Commissioner of the  
          Department of Corporations (the commissioner). (Fin. Code Sec.  
          12105.)

           This bill  would enact the Debt Settlement Services Act,  
          administered by the Department of Corporations (DOC), and  
          prohibit a person from providing debt settlement services to an  
          individual who it reasonably should know resides in this state  
          at the time it agrees to provide the services, unless that  
          provider obtains a license pursuant to the provisions of the  
          Act.

           This bill  would define "debt settlement services" acting or  
          offering to act as an intermediary between an individual and one  
          or more creditors of the individual for the purpose of  
          adjusting, settling, discharging, reaching a compromise on, or  
                                                                      



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          obtaining a concession on the individual's unsecured debt or  
          other unsecured obligation, where the primary purpose of the  
          action is to obtain a settlement or satisfaction of the  
          individual's debt in an amount less than the full principal  
          amount of the debt, in return for a fee or other consideration.   
          This bill would define "provider" as a person who provides,  
          offers to provide, or agrees to provide debt settlement services  
          directly or through others.

           This bill  would exclude the following persons and entities from  
          the licensing requirement: (1) an attorney licensed to practice  
          law, a certified public accountant, or public accountant when  
          rendering service in the course of his or her practice; (2) a  
          family member who negotiates financial concessions; (3) a  
          judicial officer, a person acting under an order of a court or  
          administrative agency, or assignee for the benefit of creditors;  
          (4) a financial institution licensed under state or federal law;  
          (5) a California licensed title insurer, escrow company, in good  
          standing, that provides bill paying services if the person does  
          not provide debt settlement services; (6) a financial planning  
          services provider, as specified; (7) a person licensed or  
          registered to originate loans secured by real property, as  
          specified; and (8) specified nonprofit community service  
          organizations.

           This bill  would exempt a person or entity licensed as a debt  
          settlement services provider from the Check Sellers, Bill  
          Payers, and Proraters Law, except to the extent that person is  
          performing services and activities that do not constitute  
          providing debt settlement service.

           This bill  would require applicants for licensure to include with  
          their application for licensure: (1) a nonrefundable $1,000 fee;  
          (2) evidence of a surety bond of $50,000, or specified  
          substitute for the bond; and (3) financial statements.  This  
          bill would subject applicants to state and federal background  
          checks, specify the conditions under which the commissioner may  
          issue, suspend, deny, or revoke licensure, and provide  
          applicants who have their licenses suspended, denied, or revoked  
          with an opportunity to appeal the commissioner's decision.

           This bill  would require licensees to satisfy several  
          requirements, including preparing and providing a written  
          financial analysis, and require that specified disclosures be  
          given before entering into an agreement with an individual to  
          provide debt settlement services.  This bill would require each  
                                                                      



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          agreement to include specified items, including an estimate of  
          the total amount of fees reasonably expected to be paid over the  
          term of the agreement, that an individual may terminate the  
          agreement at any time, and that an individual may cancel the  
          agreement within five business days and receive a full refund.

           This bill  would require a provider to furnish a foreign language  
          translation of the required disclosures and documents, if that  
          provider communicates with an individual primarily in a language  
          other than English.  The provider must also maintain a toll-free  
          phone number that allows people to speak to a customer service  
          representative during ordinary business hours, maintain an  
          Internet Web site that contains specified information, and  
          establish a process for handling customer complaints that  
          provides a response within 20 days to each customer who files a  
          formal complaint.

           This bill  would provide that an agreement is void if the  
          provider is not licensed as a debt settlement services provider  
          in this state when an individual assents to the agreement.  This  
          bill would provide that any provision of any agreement that  
          violates specified requirements of the debt settlement services  
          law is void.

           This bill  would require a provider that receives money from the  
          individual for distribution to the individual's creditors to not  
          commingle the money with the providers funds, require the  
          provider to act in a fiduciary capacity with respect to funds  
          deposited in the trust account, and allow the individual to  
          require return of the funds at any time prior to transmission.   
          This bill would further permit the commission to require, by  
          rule, that providers who receive money for distribution obtain a  
          fidelity bond, as specified.

           This bill  would prohibit specified acts and practices by  
          providers, allow individuals, law enforcement agencies, and the  
          commissioner to bring actions against licensees for violations  
          of the debt settlement services law, and subject violators to  
          administrative, civil, and criminal penalties for failure to  
          comply.  

           This bill  would additionally provide that if an agreement is  
          void, an individual may recover all money paid by or on behalf  
          of the individual, and that an individual may also recover  
          compensatory damages for injury caused by a violation of the Act  
          and their reasonable attorney's fees and costs.
                                                                      



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           This bill  would, except as permitted by the California  
          Arbitration Act, prohibit an agreement from containing a  
          provision that modifies or limits otherwise available forums or  
          procedural rights, including the right to trial by jury, that  
          are generally available to the individual under law other than  
          as provided in this division.

           This bill  would become effective on January 1, 2012.

                                        COMMENT
           
          1.    Stated need for the bill  

          According to the author,

            Credit counseling and debt settlement services are in demand  
            now more than ever.  Statistics show that median household  
            income has continued to decline, unemployment levels are  
            [at] record highs, and the overall economy is suffering  
            through a recession.  As the recession worsens, debt  
            settlement service becomes an even more critical piece of  
            the overall economic solution for consumers. 

            AB 350 implements a licensing framework for debt settlement  
            providers who negotiate on the behalf of consumers with  
            their creditors to lower their debt for a fee.  The DOC has  
            issued orders for many of these entities to comply with the  
            prorater's law.  However, because debt settlement companies  
            do not directly control the consumer's money, and only  
            negotiate on their behalf, they are not proraters as defined  
            in the law.  Proraters are defined in current law as persons  
            who receive money from a debtor for the purpose of  
            distributing the money among the debtor's creditors in full  
            or partial payment of the debtor's obligations. . . .  Debt  
            settlement companies do not handle or control the consumer's  
            money, and therefore are not proraters per the definition.   
            Instead, debt settlement companies operate as intermediaries  
            who negotiate with creditors on some type of settlement for  
            the consumer's outstanding debt. 

            Under current law, debt settlement providers, credit  
            counselors, and debt management organizations are not  
            licensed or regulated.  The Financial Code only requires the  
            registration of non-profit credit counselors with the  
            Department of Corporations.  However, their oversight is  
                                                                      



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            limited to registration.

          2.   Significant developments since last year  

          While the author has made numerous clarifying amendments to the  
          bill since July 14, 2009, there are two significant developments  
          since that hearing date - a proposed ban on advance fees by the  
          Federal Trade Commission, and the recent amendment that removed  
          the previous cap on fees.  Although that prior cap would have  
          codified a fee that opponents consider excessive - the removal  
          of that cap results in a bill that would enact a regulatory  
          structure without addressing a key feature of that service, the  
          fee.  Due to that serious deficiency, and the numerous remaining  
          issues, the Committee should consider holding this bill and  
          urging both supporters and opponents to formulate a true  
          compromise product that will complement the final federal  
          regulation that is to be released within several months.   
          Considering that the enactment date of this bill is January 1,  
          2012 - a full year and a half away - both the supporters and  
          opponents do have time to craft a complete, workable regulatory  
          statute that can be enacted on or before that January 1, 2012  
          date.
            a.    Proposed federal ban on advance fees  

            On July 30, 2009, the Federal Trade Commission announced  
            proposed amendments to the Telemarketing Sales Rule (TSR) that  
            would, among other things, prohibit debt relief services from  
            charging fees until they have provided the offered services  
            (settling debts).  The intent of those proposed amendments was  
            to "to combat deceptive and abusive telemarketing of debt  
            relief services."  In support of the proposed amendments, the  
            National Association of Attorneys General submitted a letter  
            signed by the Attorneys General of 41 states, including  
            California's Attorney General, that stated:

               Prohibiting the collection of up-front fees would provide  
               regulators and enforcement authorities a bright line  
               means of readily identifying unscrupulous entities that  
               merit immediate investigation and prosecution. Moreover,  
               a regulatory scenario in which up-front fees are not  
               prohibited places those debt relief providers who prefer  
               not to require consumers to pay substantial up-front fees  
               at a competitive disadvantage.

               The debt settlement companies examined by the States  
               cannot demonstrate any justification for their  
                                                                      



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               substantial advance fees based on the effort required to  
               set up an account. In fact, the industry's own reports  
               suggest that it is marketing, lead generation and  
               referral costs that drive the debt settlement industry's  
               zeal for up-front fees.  In its 2008 Preliminary Report,  
               TASC acknowledged that the primary costs incurred by  
               settlement companies are not service related, but rather  
               are marketing and other costs to acquire clients.  From  
               the complaints received and the cases brought, the States  
               have seen little evidence that debt settlement companies  
               provide any other useful services such as credit  
               counseling, debtor education, or getting interest rates  
               reduced before settlement negotiations are initiated,  
               which can take several months, or even years. . . .

               In urging the FTC to prohibit the charging of advance  
               fees, the States submit that a prohibition on advance  
               fees will prevent the substantial monetary losses  
               suffered by consumers, level the playing field,  
               discourage unscrupulous operators from flocking to this  
               industry and facilitate efficient and timely enforcement.

            It should be noted that if advance fees are prohibited under  
            the TSR, that prohibition will not specify the amount of a fee  
            that can be charged after services are performed. Consumers  
            Union (CU) asserts that the issue of allowable fees cannot be  
            left solely to the FTC as the rule under the TSR will not  
            cover contracts without incoming or outgoing phone calls, that  
            the proposed rule exempts contracts that are signed  
            face-to-face, and that the FTC's rule addresses the timing,  
            but not amount, of the fees.  

             b.    June 14, 2010 amendments remove the fee provisions and  
               do not address prior concerns about the fees that may be  
               charged by a provider  

            Much of the debate over the past several years has focused on  
            the amount of the fee that can be charged, and when that fee  
            can be charged.  Last year, this bill proposed a setup fee of  
            up to five percent of the principal amount of debt brought  
            into the program and capped fees at 20 percent of that debt.   
            Concerns were expressed about the amount of the fee and the  
            ability to charge that fee prior to services being performed.   
            This Committee's analysis also raised questions about the lack  
            of financial incentive for a provider to deliver the best  
            possible service and noted that:
                                                                      



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               [o]ne way in which that incentive can be created would be  
               to, instead of allowing a provider to charge based on a  
               percentage of the debt brought into the program, allow  
               the provider to charge based upon a percentage of the  
               debt actually settled.  Basing payment upon the amount of  
               debt actually settled would create a strong incentive for  
               providers to work to settle as much debt as possible.

            AB 350 was subsequently amended on April 5, 2010 to permit the  
            charging of a flat fee of 18 percent of the principal amount  
            of debt enrolled, to be collected at no more than one percent  
            per month, or alternatively, a fee calculated on the amount of  
            the savings that does not exceed 30 percent of the amount of  
            settled debt, calculated at the time of settlement.  In  
            response to concerns about the amounts of those fees, and the  
            continued inclusion of an "advance fee" provision (allowing  
            for the collection of fees before any settlements), the most  
            recent amendments strike out the fee provision entirely.  The  
                                 Center for Responsible Lending, in opposition, expresses  
            concern that:

               [the amendments] would allow debt settlement companies to  
               adopt any fee structure they choose, and continue to  
               strip wealth from vulnerable consumers by charging  
               substantial and unearned fees, leaving consumers worse  
               off.  Given the dismal performance data and the harm to  
               consumers, it would be irresponsible policy to abdicate  
               the establishment of meaningful fee protections for  
               consumers.

            From a policy standpoint, the removal of the fee cap leaves a  
            bill with a regulatory structure that includes no limit on the  
            fees that may be charged by an industry that has recently been  
            subject to intense scrutiny about those fees.  CU further  
            asserts:

               By remaining entirely silent on fees, AB 350 as modified  
               by the June [14] amendments would exempt the debt  
               settlement industry from the application of the current  
               fee caps in the Proraters Law (the industry disputes the  
               application of that law if the money is held by a third  
               party); would leave the industry to charge any fee it  
               likes; and would permit existing harmful fee practices.  
               Under AB 350, debt settlement companies could:

                                                                      



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                   Charge and keep the full fee even if not one penny  
                 of the debt is settled.
                    Deduct the entire fee from the consumer's savings  
                   account as early as it likes. Commonly, the full fee  
                   is deducted from the savings during the first half of  
                   the contract. By the time the consumer discovers that  
                   his or her debts are not being settled, he or she has  
                   paid all or a big chunk of the fee.
                    Use an acceleration clause to collect the full fee  
                   even sooner than otherwise set forth in the contract.
                    Take fees based on installment settlements which do  
                   not eliminate the debt if installments are missed.

            It should be noted that the author, sponsors, and opponents  
            have held numerous meetings where the issue of the amount of,  
            and timing of, the fee were discussed.  While the prior  
            version of the bill did include a savings model - as noted  
            above, that model permitted a fee of up to 30 percent of the  
            savings (CU suggests 15 percent), and still allowed the use of  
            a "flat fee" that charged consumers before actual settlements  
            occurred (opponents object to this model).  

            Given the lack of agreement as to an appropriate, workable fee  
            structure and the legitimate policy concerns about approving a  
            complex regulatory scheme without addressing the pivotal issue  
            of fees - the Committee should consider whether the bill  
            should be held in committee for purposes of allowing the  
            supporters and opponents to develop a compromise package that  
            takes into account the upcoming amendment to the TSR, provides  
            a workable fee structure for all parties, and adequately  
            protects consumers who do elect to use a debt settlement  
            provider.  If held in Committee, those interested parties  
            should work to bring forward Legislation next year so that a  
            bill can be enacted by January 1, 2012, the proposed effective  
            date of this bill.

            SHOULD THE BILL BE HELD IN COMMITTEE?

          3.    Opposition's numerous unresolved concerns  

          Although the author has taken amendments to address concerns,  
          staff notes that there are significant unresolved issues between  
          the supporters and opponents.  To that effect, CU provided the  
          author and the Committee with an Outline of Issues of Concern on  
          May 17, 2010 - that five page document outlines their concerns  
          with regards to fees, pre-contractual determinations of  
                                                                      



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          suitability, contractual provisions and cancellation,  
          advertisements, voidness, statutory damages, waiver of consumers  
          rights and remedies, and numerous license-related issues.  That  
          document included the following significant concerns and issues  
          regarding AB 350:

                 The determination of the ability to make a savings  
               payments must consider more than "basic living expenses."
                 Consumers should have 90 days to cancel the contract,  
               and need a required form to exercise the right to cancel.
                 Contracts are not required to set forth the amount that  
               the consumer must save.
                 Advertising claims should be banned unless they are true  
               for at least 80 percent of recent customers.
                 Disclosures should be required for advertisements,  
               especially for those ads on the internet.
                 Contracts should be void if financial analysis  
               requirement is not met.
                 Refunds should be required without the need to sue the  
               company if the contract is void.
                 Statutory damages should be added to the remedies  
               provision.
                 Monthly accounting should be automatic so consumers can  
               see how unsettled debts are growing.
                 Disclosures should inform consumers that not all  
               creditors will negotiate with debt settlement companies.
                 The proposed $50,000 bond should be increased.
                 Financial statements should be audited, not just  
               reviewed.
                 If an applicant uses more than one form agreement, each  
               should be filed with their application.
                 New agreements and/or fee schedules should be filed with  
               the DOC.
                 Advertisements should be filed with the DOC.
                 The determination of qualification and suitability  
               should be in writing and retained.

          Despite the recent June 14, 2010 amendments (almost a month  
          after that list of issues was provided), CU notes that "[m]ost  
          of those items remain of concern, including elements of the  
          cancellation provision, the presentation of internet  
          disclosures, and other issues."  

          CRL appears to share similar concerns as CU regarding the  
          existing provisions, and additionally expresses concern about a  
          provision contained within the June 14, 2010 amendments that  
                                                                      



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          permits a debt settlement provider to receive money for  
          distribution to the individual's creditors.  That amendment was  
          requested by CareOne, a licensed prorater, who believes that the  
          "holds funds" model (a model where the provider has access to  
          the borrower's funds for purposes of settling debts) is  
          appropriate because "[t]here is no evidence that any model is  
          more prone to abuse than another and both models are legally  
          authorized in nearly every state.  With proper safeguards and  
          bonding requirements, all fund models can effectively serve the  
          needs of consumers."

          Given the numerous unresolved issues, the Committee should  
          consider whether it is appropriate to enact a regulatory  
          structure that is silent on fees and subject to numerous  
          outstanding concerns - many of those concerns go to the core of  
          the regulatory structure itself.  If the bill is held in  
          Committee, that action would not result in the lack of  
          regulation for years to come, provided that supporters and  
          opponents work together to formulate a workable compromise that  
          can be enacted by January 1, 2012 - the effective date of this  
          bill. 

          SHOULD THE BILL BE HELD IN COMMITTEE?

          4.   Judiciary related issues  

          In addition to the concerns mentioned above, the bill does raise  
          several issues of particular interest to this Committee.  Given  
          the unresolved nature of the arbitration provision, if the bill  
          is held in Committee and interested parties agree to continue  
          working to formulate a compromise product, that product should  
          include a compromise on the arbitration provision as well.

            a.    Arbitration  

            Specifically, this bill would provide that, except as  
            permitted by the California Arbitration Act (CAA), an  
            agreement shall not contain a provision that modifies or  
            limits otherwise available forums or procedural rights that  
            are generally available to the individual under law other than  
            as provided in the Act.  Since the CAA generally allows  
            parties to agree to submit any existing or future controversy  
            to arbitration, the bill would permit a debt settlement  
            company to require a consumer to agree to submit any dispute  
            to arbitration, thereby limiting the private right of action  
            that may be brought under (b), below.  
                                                                      



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            The Consumer Attorneys of California, in a request for  
            amendments striking the reference to the CAA, further contend  
            that this provision would "make[] all contracts between the  
            debt settlement companies and the consumers subject to  
            mandatory binding pre-dispute arbitration, which would  
            essentially allow the debt negotiation companies to contract  
            out any and all consumer protections provided in this bill.   
            Consumers should not be lulled into thinking they are being  
            provided protections under the law that can easily be taken  
            away by a pre-dispute binding arbitration provision."

            b.   Private right of action with reasonable attorney's fees 

            This bill would also permit a consumer to bring a civil action  
            for a violation of the Act, including when an agreement is  
            void, to recover compensatory damages for injury caused by the  
            violation, and allow recovery of reasonable attorney's fees  
            and costs.  Since compensatory damages are generally intended  
            to make a consumer "whole," the likely amount of recovery in  
            such an action (exclusive of attorney's fees) are the amounts  
            paid for fees and potentially late charges or other penalties  
            as a result of the provider's violation.  Despite somewhat  
            limited damages, the attorney fee provision would arguably  
            permit an injured individual to locate a willing attorney to  
            bring their case for a violation of the Act, provided that the  
            debt settlement company had not required the consumer to agree  
            to arbitration, as discussed above in (a).
            It should also be noted that if a provider violates both the  
            Act and the Unfair Business Practices Act (Bus. & Prof. Code  
            Sec. 17200 et seq.), a consumer may not recover under both the  
            Act and Section 17200 for the same act or practice.

          5.    Controversy surrounding licensing of for-profit debt  
          settlement service providers
             
          The Department of Corporations has previously taken the position  
          that for-profit debt settlement service providers should be  
          licensed under the Check Sellers, Bill Payers, and Proraters  
          Law, and brought enforcement actions against certain debt  
          settlement service providers who do not have a proraters  
          license.  

          On July 15, 2008, the Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District,  
          upheld the DOC's position regarding the application of the  
          proraters law to certain debt settlement service providers.   
                                                                      



          AB 350 (Lieu)
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          (Nationwide Asset Services, Inc. v. DuFauchard (2008) 164  
          Cal.App.4th 1121.)  In affirming the Superior Court's judgment,  
          the Court of Appeal held: "If plaintiffs indeed have managed to  
          'receive' the money of their customers in all but name, then  
          their conduct is precisely that which the statute has targeted.   
          There would not be any reason to permit them to evade the  
          statute's salutary requirement of subjecting their practices to  
          defendant's licensing oversight for the protection of  
          consumers." (Id. at 1126.)

          Despite the above decision, this bill would specifically exempt  
          individuals licensed under the Debt Settlement Service Act from  
          the proraters law based upon the sponsor's belief that this bill  
          is a better match for the business model of debt settlement  
          companies than that law.  


           Support  :  American Coalition of Companies Organized to Reduce  
          Debt (ACCORD); American Federation of State, County and  
          Municipal Employees (AFSCME), AFL-CIO; Freedom Financial Network

           Opposition  :  Center for Responsible Lending; Coalition for  
          Quality Credit Counseling; Consumer Credit Counseling Service;  
          Consumer Federation of America; Consumers Union; National  
          Consumer Law Center; one individual

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  The Association of Settlement Companies (TASC); United  
          States Organizations for Bankruptcy Alternatives (USOBA)

           Related Pending Legislation  : None Known

           Prior Legislation  :

          AB 69 (Lieu, as amended April 23, 2007), would have enacted two  
          separate regulatory schemes, one tailored to the licensure of  
          debt settlement service providers, and the other tailored to the  
          licensure of debt management providers.  The contents of this  
          bill were replaced with provisions regarding reporting by  
          mortgage loan servicers on January 7, 2008.

          AB 2611 (Lieu, 2008), contained provisions similar to those in  
          AB 69.  This bill never received a hearing in the Senate  
          Banking, Finance and Insurance Committee.

                                                                      



          AB 350 (Lieu)
          Page 16 of ?



          SB 1678 (Florez, 2008), contained similar provisions to those in  
          AB 69.  This bill failed passage in the Senate Banking, Finance  
          and Insurance Committee. 

           Prior Vote :

          Assembly Banking and Finance Committee (Ayes 8, Noes 1)
          Assembly Judiciary Committee (Ayes 9, Noes 1)
          Assembly Appropriations Committee (Ayes 12, Noes 4)
          Assembly Floor (Ayes 56, Noes 22)
          Senate Banking, Finance and Insurance Committee (Ayes 10, Noes  
          0)

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