BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 572
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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 572 (Brownley) 
          As Amended  May 14, 2009
          Majority vote 

           EDUCATION           8-3                                         
           
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          |Ayes:|Brownley, Ammiano,        |     |                          |
          |     |Arambula, Buchanan,       |     |                          |
          |     |Carter, Eng, Solorio,     |     |                          |
          |     |Torlakson                 |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Nestande, Garrick, Miller |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           SUMMARY  :  Requires charter schools to comply with the same  
          conflict of interest requirements as school districts.   
          Specifically,  this bill  declares: 

          1)Charter schools are subject to all of the following:


             a)   The Ralph M. Brown Act (Brown Act), except that a  
               charter school operated by an entity governed by the  
               Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act is subject to that Act;



             b)   The California Public Records Act (CPRA);



             c)   Article 4 (commencing with Section 1090) of Chapter 1 of  
               Division 4 of Title 1 of the Government Code; and,



             d)   The Political Reform Act of 1974 (PRA).



          2)A member of the governing body of a charter school shall  
            abstain from voting on all matters affecting his or her own  








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            employment and personnel matters that uniquely affect a  
            member's relative; specifies a person who is disqualified by  
            the California Constitution or laws of the state from holding  
            a civil office shall not serve on the governing body of a  
            charter school; and, specifies this measure does not prohibit  
            an employee of a charter school from serving as a member of  
            the governing body of that charter school.

           EXISTING LAW  pertaining to charter schools: 

          1)Provides no specific requirement for charter school conflict  
            of interest policies.

          2)Deems charter schools as school districts for the purposes of  
            receiving state education funds.  
           
          EXISTING LAW  pertaining to school districts: 

          1)Specifies that Members of the Legislature, state, county,  
            district, and city officers or employees shall not be  
            financially interested in any contract made by them in their  
            official capacity, or by any body or board of which they are  
            members.  (Government Code 1090)

          2)Specifies that an employee of a school district (or local  
            agency) may not be sworn into office as an elected or  
            appointed member of that school district's (or local agency's)  
            governing board unless and until he or she resigns as an  
            employee.  (Education Code 35107)

          3)Requires members of school district governing boards and  
            designated employees of the school district to file statements  
            of financial interest according to the PRA.  (Government Code  
            87100 et. seq.)

          4)Requires a school district or any board, commission or agency  
            thereof, or other local public agency to comply with the Brown  
            Act.  (Government Code 54950 et. seq.)

          5)Requires a school district or any board, commission or agency  
            thereof, or other local public agency to comply with the CPRA.  
             (Government Code 6250 et. seq.)

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  This bill is keyed non-fiscal.









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           COMMENTS  :  This bill requires charter school governing board  
          members to comply with the same conflict of interest policies by  
          which school district governing board members currently abide.   
          Recent news reports of charter school board members engaging in  
          inappropriate financial mismanagement have highlighted the need  
          for charter school conflict of interest laws to be clarified.   
          While charter schools are given more autonomy than public  
          schools, their governing boards have authority over public funds  
          to be used for the educational benefit of their students.   
          Charter school governing boards should be held to the same  
          standards as school district governing boards.  This bill  
          requires charter school boards to file statements of economic  
          interest according to the PRA; specifies that charter school  
          board members may not be financially interested in any decision  
          made by the board; requires charter schools to comply with the  
          CPRA; and, requires charter school boards to abide by the Brown  
          Act or the Bagley-Keene Open Meetings Act.

          The Brown Act governs meetings conducted by local legislative  
          bodies, such as boards of supervisors, city councils, and school  
          boards.  The Brown Act requires meetings of the board to be  
          publicly noticed 72 hours before their meetings, among other  
          requirements.

          The CPRA was enacted in 1968 and according to the Attorney  
          General, in enacting the CRPA, the Legislature stated that  
          access to information concerning the conduct of the public's  
          business is a fundamental and necessary right for every person  
          in the state.  
           
           Government Code 1090 states that members of the Legislature,  
          state, county, district, judicial district, and city officers or  
          employees shall not be financially interested in any contract  
          made by them in their official capacity, or by any body or board  
          of which they are members.  In a 1983 opinion the Attorney  
          General stated, "Section 1090 of the Government Code codifies  
          the common law prohibition and the general policy of this state  
          against public officials having a personal interest in contracts  
          they make in their official capacities.  Mindful of the ancient  
          adage, that 'no man can serve two masters,' the section was  
          enacted to ensure that public officials 'making' official  
          contracts not be distracted by personal financial gain from  
          exercising absolute loyalty and undivided allegiance to the best  
          interest of the entity which they serve."









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          The Fair Political Practices Commission (FPPC) was created by  
          the PRA of 1974.  The FPPC receives and files statements of  
          economic interests from many state and local officials,  
          investigates alleged violations of the PRA, imposes penalties  
          when appropriate, and assists state and local agencies in  
          developing and enforcing conflict-of-interest codes.  School  
          districts are required to comply with the PRA, and in so, school  
          district governing board members and designated employees must  
          file a statement of economic interest, annually.

          Supporters of the bill, including the California School Boards  
          Association, the Association of California School  
          Administrators, the California Association of School Business  
          Officials, the California State PTA, the California Federation  
          of Teachers, Orange County Department of Education, San  
          Francisco Unified School District, and Antioch Unified School  
          District, argue this measure will strengthen efforts to end  
          financial abuse of public funds in charter schools, provide  
          transparency into the operations of the many charter schools  
          that are providing quality educational options for parents and  
          students.  

          The California Teachers Association (CTA) supports the bill and  
          believes that all charter school governing boards should be free  
          of conflicts of interest in the operation of charter schools and  
          that the Brown Act and the CPRA should apply to the operation of  
          these schools.  There is a role for charter schools in  
          California's education system.  That role should be performed to  
          at least the same high standards of integrity, transparency and  
          openness required of traditional public schools.

          The California Charter Schools Association (CCSA) opposes the  
          bill and argues, "CCSA supports applying appropriate conflict of  
          interest provisions to charter schools, including transparency  
          and recusal by board members with a financial interest in a  
          board decision.  In fact, most charter schools are nonprofit  
          corporations and must abide by the Corporations Code that  
          includes conflict of interest provisions.  We believe that AB  
          572's directive that charter schools comply with Government Code  
          Section 87100 et seq applies an inappropriate conflict of  
          interest scheme to charter schools."

          Statute governing corporations authorizes up to 49% of people  
          serving on the board of any corporation to be financially  








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          interested in the decisions made by the board.  Advocates of  
          charter schools contend they should abide by conflict of  
          interest provisions related to corporations, not school  
          district, because some charter schools are operated by  
          non-profit corporations.  The Assembly should consider whether  
          it is appropriate to allow public funded charter schools to have  
          board members be financially interested in the decisions they  
          make.   

          Previous legislation:  AB 2115 (Mullin) of 2008, required  
          charter schools to adopt and comply with a conflict of interest  
          policy that requires its governing board members to abide by the  
          same conflict of interest requirements as local education agency  
          (LEA) governing board members.  The bill was vetoed by Governor  
          Schwarzenegger with the following message:  "Not only would this  
          bill create state mandated costs for charter schools to comply  
          with its provisions, the measure runs counter to the intent of  
          charter schools, which were created to be free from many of the  
          laws governing schools districts."

          AB 1197 (Wiggins) of 2004, specified that individuals who govern  
          charter schools shall file statements of economic interest under  
          the PRA.  The bill failed passage on the Senate Floor.
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Chelsea Kelley / ED. / (916) 319-2087  
          FN: 0000729