BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                             Senator Mark Leno, Chair                A
                             2009-2010 Regular Session               B

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          AB 708 (Huffman)                                            
          As Amended June 26, 2009
          Hearing date:  July 7, 2009
          Fish and Game Code
          MK:mc

                              FISH AND WILDLIFE: POACHING  

                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Author

          Prior Legislation: AB 1187 (DeSaulnier) - Chapter 328, Stats.  
          2007

          Support: California Fish and Game Wardens' Association; San  
                   Francisco District Attorney; Audubon California;  
                   California Outdoor Heritage Alliance; Ocean Conservancy

          Opposition:American Civil Liberties Union

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes 77 - Noes 0



                                      KEY ISSUES
           
          SHOULD FINES BE INCREASED FOR ILLEGALLY TAKING, POSSESSING,  
          IMPORTING, EXPORTING, SELLING, PURCHASING, BARTERING, TRADING OR  
          EXCHANGING ANY AMPHIBIAN, BIRD, FISH, MAMMAL OR REPTILE FOR  
          PROFIT OR PERSONAL GAIN?  SHOULD 50 PERCENT OF THE FINES GO TO  
          THE COUNTY TO FIRST BE USED TO REIMBURSE THE PROSECUTOR?





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          SHOULD IT BE ILLEGAL TO POSSESS IN THE FIELD MORE THAN THREE TIMES  
          THE DAILY BAG LIMIT, OR POSSESS MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE LEGAL  
          POSSESSION LIMIT OF FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, OR MAMMALS? 

          SHOULD 50 PERCENT OF THE FINES GO TO THE COUNTY TO FIRST BE USED TO  
          REIMBURSE THE PROSECUTOR?

          SHOULD FORFEITURE BE PERMITTED IN CASES WHERE SOMEONE ILLEGALLY  
          TAKES, POSSESSES, IMPORTS, EXPORTS, SELLS, PURCHASES, BARTERS,  
          TRADES OR EXCHANGES ANY AMPHIBIAN, BIRD, FISH, MAMMAL OR REPTILE FOR  
          PROFIT OR PERSONAL GAIN?

          SHOULD FORFEITURE BE PERMITTED WHEN SOMEONE ILLEGALLY TAKES OR  
          POSSESSES IN THE FIELD MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE DAILY BAG LIMIT, OR  
          ILLEGALLY POSSESSES MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE LEGAL POSSESSION LIMIT  
          OF FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, OR MAMMALS?


                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of the bill is to increase specified penalties for  
          illegally taking fish, amphibians, mammals, birds or reptiles  
          and to provide for forfeiture in these cases.
          
           Existing law  provides that the knowing unlawful taking for  
          commercial purposes of a mammal, bird, amphibian, reptile, fish,  
          or any other species in violation of this code is an offense  
          punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than  
          one year, by a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars  
          ($30,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.  This  
          subdivision does not apply to a person issued a commercial  
          fishing license pursuant to Section 7852 who takes finfish in an  
          amount that is less than 1,000 pounds more than the amount of  
          fish authorized by the applicable statute or regulation.  (Fish  
          and Game Code  12012 (a).)





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           Existing law  provides that the knowing unlawful possession for  
          commercial purposes of any part of a mountain lion, bear, wild  
          pig, bighorn sheep, elk, antelope, or deer, a pelt of a  
          furbearing mammal, a live reptile or amphibian, any fully  
          protected, threatened, or endangered species, or any quantity of  
          fish or shellfish in excess of the quantity permitted by other  
          provisions of this code is an offense punishable by imprisonment  
          in the county jail for not more than one year, by a fine of not  
          more than thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), or by both that  
          imprisonment and fine.  This subdivision does not apply to a  
          person issued a commercial fishing license pursuant to Section  
          7852 or a commercial fish business license pursuant to Article 7  
          (commencing with Section 8030) of Chapter 1 of Part 3 of  
          Division 6 who possesses finfish in an amount that is less than  
          1,000 pounds more than the amount of finfish authorized by the  
          applicable statute or regulation.  (Fish and Game Code   
          12012(b).)

           Existing law  provides that the knowing unlawful sale in  
          violation of this code for commercial purposes, or the unlawful  
          possession with the intent to sell in violation of this code, of  
          any part of, or product made from, any wildlife is an offense  
          punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than  
          one year, by a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars  
          ($30,000), or by both that imprisonment and fine.  This  
          subdivision applies only to a person who knowingly acquires for  
          commercial purposes any part of, or product made from, any  
          unlawfully taken wildlife.  (Fish and Game Code  12012 (c).)

           Existing law  provides that whenever a second or subsequent  
          violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) also involves a  
          violation of specified sections prohibiting "gill nets" which is  
          punishable by a wobbler under subdivision (b) of Section 12004,  
          the offense shall be punishable by a fine of not more than  
          thirty thousand dollars ($30,000), or by imprisonment pursuant  
          to subdivision (b) of Section 12004, or by both that fine and  
          imprisonment.  (Fish and Game Code  12012(d)(1).)

           Existing law  provides that whenever a second or subsequent  
          violation of subdivision (a), (b), or (c) also involves a  




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          violation of Section 4758 which is punishable pursuant to  
          subdivision (a) of Section 12005, the offense shall be  
          punishable by a fine of not more than thirty thousand dollars  
          ($30,000), or by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (a) of  
          Section 12005, or by both that fine and imprisonment.  (Fish and  
          Game Code  12012(d)(2).)   

           Existing law  provides that notwithstanding Section 802 of the  
          Penal Code, prosecution of an offense punishable under this  
          section shall be commenced within three years after commission  
          of the offense.  (Fish and Game Code  12012(e).)

           Existing law  uses the following definitions:
                 "Commercial purposes" means import, export, sale,  
               purchase, barter, trade, exchange, or possession for profit  
               or personal gain.
                 "Fish" means fish as defined by Section 45.
                 "Wildlife" means wildlife as defined by Section 711.2.  
               (Fish and Game Code  12012 (f).)

           This bill  redrafts the existing Fish and Game Code Section 12012  
          providing instead that notwithstanding any other provision of  
          this code, except as provided in subdivision (e) or (f), any  
          person who illegally takes, possesses, imports, exports, sells,  
          purchases, barters, trades, or exchanges any amphibian, bird,  
          fish, mammal, or reptile or part thereof, for profit or personal  
          gain is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less  
          than $5,000 ($18,500 with penalty assessments), nor more than  
          $40,000 ($148,000 with penalty assessments), or imprisonment in  
          the county jail for not more than one year, or by both fine and  
          imprisonment.

           This bill  further provides that if a person is convicted of a  
          second or subsequent violation of section 12012, that person  
          shall be punished by a fine of not less than $10,000 ($37,000  
          with penalty assessments), nor more than $50,000 ($185,000 with  
          penalty assessments).

           This bill  increases the fine to for a second or subsequent  
          violation of section 12012 and  specified violations involving  




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          "gill nets" to up to $50,000 ($185,000 with penalty  
          assessments).

           Existing law  specifies what expenditures from the fish and  
          wildlife propagation fund of any county may be used on.  (Fish  
          and Game Code  13103.)
           
          This bill  provides that moneys equivalent to 50 percent of the  
          revenue deposited in the Fish and Game Preservation Fund from  
          fines and forfeitures collected pursuant to this section shall  
          be allocated for the support of the Special Operations Unit of  
          the Department and used for law enforcement purposes.

           This bill  provides that moneys equivalent to 50 percent of the  
          revenue from any fine or forfeiture collected pursuant to this  
          section shall be paid to the county in which the offense was  
          committed, pursuant to Fish and Game Code section 13003.  The  
          board of supervisors shall first use revenues pursuant to this  
          subdivision to reimburse the costs incurred by the district  
          attorney or city attorney in investigating and prosecuting the  
          violation.  Any excess revenues may be expended in accordance  
          with Section 13103.

           Existing law  provides that in addition to any other penalty  
          prescribed by law, any person convicted of a violation  
          punishable under subdivision (a) of Section 12012 relating to  
          wildlife, except fish, is prohibited from thereafter taking  
          wildlife, except fish, in this state for a period of not less  
          than one year from the date of conviction.  In determining the  
          length of the prohibition imposed pursuant to this subdivision,  
          the court shall take into consideration the gravity of the  
          offense for which the person was convicted, including, but not  
          limited to, whether the species was illegally taken for  
          commercial purposes, the magnitude of the offense, damage to the  
          species as a resource in the geographic area where taken,  
          previous convictions for violations of this code, and the  
          motivation of the person convicted.  Any license, permit, tag,  
          stamp, or other entitlement to take or possess wildlife, except  
          fish, for any purpose other than for commercial purposes that  
          has previously been issued to that person shall be immediately  




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          revoked by the court and that person, during the period of the  
          prohibition, shall not apply for a license, permit, tag, stamp,  
          or other entitlement to take or possess wildlife, except fish,  
          for any purpose other than for commercial purposes.  (Fish and  
          Game Code  12013(a).)

           Existing law  provides that in addition to any other penalty  
          prescribed by law, any person convicted of a violation  
          punishable under subdivision (a) of Section 12012 relating to  
          fish is prohibited from thereafter taking or possessing fish in  
          this state for a period of not less than one year from the date  
          of conviction.  In determining the length of the prohibition  
          imposed pursuant to this subdivision, the court shall take into  
          consideration the gravity of the offense for which the person  
          was convicted, including, but not limited to, such factors as  
          whether the species was illegally taken for commercial purposes,  
          the magnitude of the offense, damage to the species as a  
          resource in the geographic area where taken, previous  
          convictions for violations of this code, and the motivation of  
          the person convicted.  Any license, permit, tag, stamp, or other  
          entitlement to take or possess fish for any purpose other than  
          for commercial purposes that has previously been issued to that  
          person shall be immediately revoked and that person, during the  
          period of the prohibition, shall not apply for a license,  
          permit, tag, stamp, or other entitlement to take or possess fish  
          for any purpose other than for commercial purposes.  As used in  
          this section, "commercial purposes" means for profit or personal  
          gain, "fish" means fish as defined by Section 45, and "wildlife"  
          means wildlife as defined by Section 711.2.  (Fish and Game Code  
           12013(b).)

           Existing law  provides that Fish and Game Code section 12013 does  
          not apply to any person who is licensed to take any fish or  
          wildlife for commercial purposes and does not supersede or  
          otherwise affect any other provision of this code or regulations  
          adopted pursuant to this code relating to issuing, suspending,  
          or revoking licenses or other entitlements to take, possess,  
          buy, or sell wildlife or fish for commercial purposes.  (Fish  
          and Game Code  12013 (c).)





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           This bill repeals the existing provisions in Fish and Game Code  
          section 12013.


           This bill  provides that notwithstanding any other provision of  
          this code, except as specified, any person who illegally takes  
          or possesses in the field more than three times the daily bag  
          limit, or who illegally possesses more than three times the  
          legal possession limit, of fish, reptiles, birds, amphibians, or  
          mammals is guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a  
          fine of not less than $5,000 (plus penalty assessments equals  
          $18,500), nor more than $40,000 (plus penalty assessments equals  
          $148,000), or imprisonment in the county jail for not more than  
          one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.


           This bill  provides that a person convicted of a second or  
          subsequent violation of the offense described above, that person  
          shall be punished by a fine of not less $10,000 (plus penalty  
          assessments equals $37,000), nor more than $50,000 (plus penalty  
          assessments equals $185,000), or imprisonment in the county jail  
          for not more than one year, or by both that fine and  
          imprisonment.


           This bill  provides that notwithstanding any other provision of  
          this code, except as specified, any person who maliciously or  
          intentionally maims, mutilates, or tortures any fish, reptile,  
          bird, amphibian, or mammal provided for in this code is guilty  
          of a crime punishable as described above. 


           This bill  provides that nothing in these provisions affects any  
          legal hunting, fishing, or trapping activity, including, but not  
          limited to, efforts to dispatch a wounded mammal, bird, or fish  
          taken legally.


           This bill  further provides that nothing in these provisions  
          prohibits a person from giving, receiving, or possessing the  




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          legal possession limit of lawfully taken fish, reptiles, birds,  
          amphibians, or mammals.


           This bill  provides that nothing in this section prohibits a  
          person from giving, receiving, or possessing, at the personal  
          abode of the donor or donee, lawfully taken migratory game birds  
          that are not required to be tagged pursuant to the federal  
          Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. Sec.703 et seq.) or  
          regulations adopted pursuant to that act.


           This bill  provides that this section does not supersede Sections  
          12005, 12006.6, or 12009.


           This bill  provides that moneys equivalent to 50 percent of the  
          revenue from any fine or forfeiture collected pursuant to this  
          section shall be paid to the county in which the offense was  
          committed and provides that the board of supervisors shall first  
          use revenues pursuant to this subdivision to reimburse the costs  
          incurred by the district attorney or city attorney in  
          investigating and prosecuting the violation.  Any excess  
          revenues may be expended in accordance with specified existing  
          law.

           Existing law  provides that upon the third conviction of any  
          person of a violation of any provision of this code or  
          regulation adopted pursuant thereto relating to the taking or  
          possession of fish, reptiles, or amphibia, or parts thereof, in  
          any five-year period, and upon any conviction subsequent to the  
          three convictions during a five-year period, that person shall  
          be prohibited from taking any fish, reptiles, or amphibia in the  
          state for three years from the date of the last conviction.  The  
          commission shall revoke the sport fishing license of the person  
          who is prohibited from taking fish, reptiles, or amphibia in  
          this state, if he or she has one, for the period of prohibition.  
           It shall be unlawful for any person to obtain, or attempt to  
          obtain, a sport fishing license during a period of prohibition.   
          (Fish and Game Code  12154.)




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           This bill  provides that upon a conviction of a violation of  
          Section 12012 or 12013, the department may suspend or  
          permanently revoke a person's hunting or sport fishing license  
          or permit privileges.  Any person whose privileges are suspended  
          or revoked pursuant to this section may appeal the suspension or  
          revocation to the commission.  The commission shall initiate the  
          appeal process within 12 months of the violator's appeal  
          request.  The department may adopt regulations to implement this  
          subdivision.


           This bill  provides that pursuant to subdivision (c) of Section  
          12157, a judge may order the seizure or forfeiture of any device  
          or apparatus, including a vessel, vehicle, or hunting or fishing  
          gear that is used in committing an offense punishable under  
          Sections 12012 or 12013.


           Existing law  provides that for any conviction of a violation of  
          the Fish and Game Code, the court may order the forfeiture of  
          any device or apparatus that is designed to be, or is capable of  
          being used to take birds, mammals, fish, reptiles or amphibian  
          and that was used in committing the offense charged.  (Fish and  
          Game Code  12157.)


           Existing law  also provides for the forfeiture, upon conviction  
          of specified offenses of any device or apparatus that is used in  
          committing the offense, including, but not limited to any  
          vehicle used for the intended offense.  The specified offenses  
          are:

                 section 2000 relating to deer, elk, antelope, feral  
               pigs, European wild boars, black bears and brown or  
               cinnamon bears;

                 any offense that involves the sale, purchase, or  
               possession of abalone for commercial purposes; and




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                 any offense that involves the sale, purchase or  
               possession of sturgeon or lobster, pursuant to Section 7370  
               or 8254.  (Fish and Game  12157.)

           This bill  adds to the existing forfeiture provisions violations  
          of Fish and Game Code sections 12012 or 12013.

                                          
                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
          
          California continues to face a severe prison overcrowding  
          crisis.  The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)  
          currently has about 170,000 inmates under its jurisdiction.  Due  
          to a lack of traditional housing space available, the department  
          houses roughly 15,000 inmates in gyms and dayrooms.   
          California's prison population has increased by 125% (an average  
          of 4% annually) over the past 20 years, growing from 76,000  
          inmates to 171,000 inmates, far outpacing the state's population  
          growth rate for the age cohort with the highest risk of  
          incarceration.<1>

          In December of 2006 plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against  
          CDCR sought a court-ordered limit on the prison population  
          pursuant to the federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On  
          February 9, 2009, the three-judge federal court panel issued a  
          tentative ruling that included the following conclusions with  
          respect to overcrowding:

               No party contests that California's prisons are  
               overcrowded, however measured, and whether considered  
               in comparison to prisons in other states or jails  
               within this state.  There are simply too many  
               ----------------------
          <1>  "Between 1987 and 2007, California's population of ages 15  
          through 44 - the age cohort with the highest risk for  
          incarceration - grew by an average of less than 1% annually,  
          which is a pace much slower than the growth in prison  
          admissions."  (2009-2010 Budget Analysis Series, Judicial and  
          Criminal Justice, Legislative Analyst's Office (January 30,  
          2009).)



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               prisoners for the existing capacity.  The Governor,  
               the principal defendant, declared a state of emergency  
               in 2006 because of the "severe overcrowding" in  
               California's prisons, which has caused "substantial  
               risk to the health and safety of the men and women who  
               work inside these prisons and the inmates housed in  
               them."  . . .  A state appellate court upheld the  
               Governor's proclamation, holding that the evidence  
               supported the existence of conditions of "extreme  
               peril to the safety of persons and property."  
               (citation omitted)  The Governor's declaration of the  
               state of emergency remains in effect to this day.

               . . .  the evidence is compelling that there is no  
               relief other than a prisoner release order that will  
               remedy the unconstitutional prison conditions.

               . . .

               Although the evidence may be less than perfectly  
               clear, it appears to the Court that in order to  
               alleviate the constitutional violations California's  
               inmate population must be reduced to at most 120% to  
               145% of design capacity, with some institutions or  
               clinical programs at or below 100%.  We caution the  
               parties, however, that these are not firm figures and  
               that the Court reserves the right - until its final  
               ruling - to determine that a higher or lower figure is  
               appropriate in general or in particular types of  
               facilities.

               . . .

               Under the PLRA, any prisoner release order that we  
               issue will be narrowly drawn, extend no further than  
               necessary to correct the violation of constitutional  
               rights, and be the least intrusive means necessary to  
                                                                         correct the violation of those rights.  For this  
               reason, it is our present intention to adopt an order  
               requiring the State to develop a plan to reduce the  




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               prison population to 120% or 145% of the prison's  
               design capacity (or somewhere in between) within a  
               period of two or three years.<2>

          The final outcome of the panel's tentative decision, as well as  
          any appeal that may be in response to the panel's final  
          decision, is unknown at the time of this writing.

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding  
          crisis outlined above.

                                      COMMENTS

          1.    Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

              Not since the early 1900s has the state experienced such  
              high levels of poaching.  The most recent statistics  
              show that between 2005 and 2007, poaching-related  
              violations increased by 25 percent. 

              California is particularly susceptible to poaching  
              because the current fines and penalties for poaching  
              violations have proved insufficient to serve as an  
              effective deterrent.  Currently, there are no minimum  
              mandatory fines for serious poaching violations and  
              according to the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) many  
              violators are fined only very small amounts - and not  
              enough to deter a poacher that is financially profiting  
              from the activity.  Also California has less than 200  
              game wardens on active duty which is not sufficient to  
              patrol a state with thousands of miles of mountains and  
              coastline. 
              -----------------------
          <2>  Three Judge Court Tentative Ruling, Coleman v.  
          Schwarzenegger, Plata v. Schwarzenegger, in the United States  
          District Courts for the Eastern District of California and the  
          Northern District of California United States District Court  
          composed of three judges pursuant to Section 2284, Title 28  
          United States Code (Feb. 9, 2009).



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              Basically it "pays to poach" in California. 
                         The maximum fines are small -- only $1,000  
                   or $2,000;
                         There are no  minimum  fines for serious  
                   poaching violations; 
                         The chances of getting caught are low  
                   because California has less than 200 field wardens  
                   statewide; 
                         And local prosecutors have too many demands  
                   to fully prosecute the cases that wardens bring  
                   forward. 

          2.    Changes in Penalties  

            a. Taking for a commercial purpose.

            Under existing law, any person who illegally takes, possesses,  
            imports, exports, sells, purchases, barters, trades or  
            exchanges any amphibian, bird, fish, mammal or reptile for  
            profit or personal gain is guilty of a misdemeanor punishable  
            by up to one year in county jail and or a fine up to $30,000.   
            With the existing approximately 270 percent penalty  
            assessments this makes the current fine up to $111,000.<3>  

            The supporters of this bill argue that since there is no  
            minimum fine stated, often the fines given in these cases are  
            small.  This bill would impose a minimum fine of $5,000 and a  
            maximum fine of $40,000.  With penalty assessments the fines  
            would actually be a minimum of $18,500 and a maximum of  
            $148,000.  A person convicted of a second or subsequent  
            offense shall be punished by a fine of not less than $10,000  
            (with assessments $37,000) nor more than $50,000 (with  
            --------------------------
          <3> Until the budget year 2002-2003, there was 170 percent in  
          penalty assessments applied to every fine, the current penalty  
          assessments are approximately 270 percent.  (See Penal Code   
          1464; Penal Code  1465.7; Penal Code  1465.8; Government Code  
           70372; Government Code  7600.5; Government Code  76000 et  
          seq; Government Code  76104.6.)  




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            assessments $185,000).  

            SHOULD THE FINES FOR ILLEGALLY TAKING FISH, AMPHIBIAN, MAMMALS  
            OR REPTILES FOR COMMERCIAL GAIN BE INCREASED AND A MINIMUM  
            FINE IMPOSED?

            b. Three times the bag limit or legal limit.

            This bill also makes it unlawful for any person to illegally  
            take or possesses in the field more than three times the daily  
            bag limit, or who illegally possesses more than three times  
            the legal possession limit of fish, reptiles, birds,  
            amphibians, or mammals.  The penalty will be a misdemeanor  
            with a minimum fine of not less than $5,000 (with assessments  
            $18,500) and a maximum of $40,000 (with assessments $148,000)  
            and/ up to one year in county jail.  A second or subsequent  
            violation would be a fine of $10,000 (with assessments  
            $37,000) to $50,000 (with assessments $185,000) and/or up to a  
            year in county jail.  These penalties would also apply to any  
            person who maliciously or intentionally maims, mutilates, or  
            tortures any fish reptile, bird, amphibian, or mammal provided  
            for in this code.

            SHOULD FINES OF $5,000-$40,000 BE CREATED FOR A PERSON WHO  
            ILLEGALLY TAKES MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE DAILY BAG LIMIT?

          3.    Distribution of Fines  

















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          Under existing law, 50 percent of fine revenues from Fish and  
          Game Code Violations go to the county in which the violation  
          occurs (Fish and Game Code  13003) and the county must expend  
          the funds for the protection, conservation, propagation, and  
          preservation of fish and wildlife (Fish and Game Code   
          13100-13103).  Specific uses include the temporary emergency  
          treatment and care of injured or orphaned wildlife, public  
          education, and costs incurred by the district attorney or city  
          attorney in investigating and prosecuting civil and criminal  
          actions for violations of the Fish and Game Code.  As amended in  
          the Senate Committee on Natural Resources and Water, this bill  
          provides that from the fine revenues from the sections in this  
          bill, moneys equivalent to 50 percent of the revenue from any  
          fine or forfeiture collected shall be paid to the county in  
          which the offense was committed pursuant to Fish and Game Code  
          Section 13003.  The board of Supervisors shall first use the  
          revenues received to reimburse the costs incurred by the  
          district attorney or city attorney in investigating and  
          prosecuting the violation. Any excess revenues may be expended  
          in accordance with Fish and Game Code Section 13003.

          The amendments in Natural Resources and Water were intended to  
          take care of the "bounty" issue that the bill originally created  
          by rewarding 50 percent of the fine revenues directly to the  
          prosecuting agency.  This language instead provides that the  
          prosecuting agencies first be reimbursed for actual costs  
          incurred through the money collected but it is paid to them  
          through the county.  Does this language adequately remove the  
          problems a bounty creates by potentially effecting a  
          prosecutor's judgment on what an appropriate fine should be?
           
          4.   Forfeiture Provisions  

          Under existing law a judge may order forfeiture of any device or  
          apparatus, including any vehicle used for or in committing Fish  
          and Game Code offenses relating to deer, elk, antelope, feral  
          pigs, European wild boars, black bears, brown or cinnamon bears,  
          abalone, sturgeon or lobster.  This bill adds offenses involving  
          illegally taking, possessing, importing, exporting, selling,  




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                                                           AB 708 (Huffman)
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          purchasing, bartering trading or exchanging any amphibian, bird,  
          fish, mammal or reptile for profit and also adds a person who  
          illegally possesses three times the daily bag limit or more than  
          three times the legal possession limit of fish, reptiles, birds,  
          amphibians or mammals.

          The existing law does say the court shall take into  
          consideration the nature, circumstances, etc., of the offense,  
          the culpability of the violator and the other penalties imposed  
          before ordering forfeiture.  The court is also authorized to  
          consider the seriousness of the injury to natural resources or  
          property of another and any other relevant factor.  

          AB 1187 (DeSaulnier) Chapter 328, Stats. 2007, also amended the  
          forfeiture provisions so that they provide that a judge shall  
          not order the forfeiture of a vehicle if there is a community  
          property interest in the vehicle that is owned by a person other  
          than the defendant and the vehicle is the only vehicle available  
          to the defendant's immediate family that may be operated on the  
          highway.  That bill expanded the forfeiture provisions to  
          include the possession of sturgeon or lobster but did not extend  
          forfeiture to specified bass species.

          The expansion of the forfeiture to provisions in this bill apply  
          to people who are illegally taking for commercial purposes as  
          well as those who are over the limit.  These provisions do not  
          apply solely to a species that is specifically over fished or  
          over hunted but to any fish, reptile, bird, amphibian or mammal  
          that a person may not legally sale or has taken more than a set  
          limit.

          The ACLU opposes the forfeiture provisions in this bill stating:

              Civil asset forfeiture laws raise serious civil  
              liberties concerns including the right to be free from  
              punishment that is disproportionate to the offense.   
              Even courts that have upheld forfeiture laws have  
              recognized that they are "the harshest of all our laws  
              respecting ownership of private property" Nasir v.  
              Sacramento County Office of the District Attorney, 11  












                                                           AB 708 (Huffman)
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              Cal. App. 4th 976, 985 (1992).

              AB 708 significantly expands the authority to forfeit  
              vessels or vehicles used in the commission of certain  
              violations, including possession of more than three  
              times the bag limit for  any  fish or mammal or illegally  
              possessing  any  amount of fish or mammal for profit or  
              personal gain.  The proposed forfeiture expansions are  
              disproportionate to the underlying offenses.  The  
              Legislature has been careful to authorize asset  
              forfeiture only for major crimes as evidenced by the  
              drug asset forfeiture laws that permit forfeiture only  
              for serious drug felonies involving large amounts of  
              drugs.  We urge amendments taken removing this provision  
              from the bill.

          SHOULD THOSE FOUND TO HAVE OVER THE SET LIMITS BE TREATED THE  
          SAME AS THOSE WHO ARE TAKING ILLEGALLY FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES?   
          SHOULD FORFEITURE BE LIMITED TO THOSE CASES WHERE A PERSON IS  
          PROFITING FROM THE ILLEGAL ACTIVITY?

          SHOULD FORFEITURE BE PERMITTED IN CASES WHERE SOMEONE ILLEGALLY  
          TAKES, POSSESSES, IMPORTS, EXPORTS, SELLS, PURCHASES, BARTERS,  
          TRADES OR EXCHANGES ANY AMPHIBIAN, BIRD, FISH, MAMMAL OR REPTILE  
          FOR PROFIT OR PERSONAL GAIN?

          SHOULD FORFEITURE BE PERMITTED WHEN SOMEONE ILLEGALLY TAKES OR  
          POSSESSES IN THE FIELD MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE DAILY BAG  
          LIMIT, OR WHO ILLEGALLY POSSESSES MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE  
          LEGAL POSSESSION LIMIT OF FISH, REPTILES, BIRDS, AMPHIBIANS, OR  
          MAMMALS?


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