BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 746 (Coto)
          As Introduced  February 26, 2009
          Majority vote 

           LOCAL GOVERNMENT    4-0                                         
           
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          |Ayes:|Knight, Davis, Duvall,    |     |                          |
          |     |Skinner                   |     |                          |
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           SUMMARY  :  Requires an independent contractor not be deemed  
          interested in a contract executed on or after September 1, 2008,  
          as a result of the independent contractor's preparation, 
          at the request of a governmental entity, of a document that  
          serves a purpose independent of the contract or any bid-related  
          documents.  

           EXISTING LAW  prohibits specified state and local officers and  
          employees from being financially interested in any contract made  
          by them in their official capacity, but deems an officer or  
          employee not to be interested in a contract if his or her  
          interest meets specified criteria.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   None

           COMMENTS  :  The author states that the general rule prohibiting  
          conflicts of interest in public contracts is vague as applied to  
          different factual situations and subject to differing  
          interpretations.  For instance, Parsons Corporation (Parsons) is  
          an engineering and construction firm that works on major  
          projects worldwide.  Local governments frequently ask Parsons to  
          comment on projects that are being planned.  In the summer of  
          2007, upon the request of the City of San Francisco, Parsons  
          reviewed work that was being done by another consulting firm for  
          a water construction project by the San Francisco Public  
          Utilities Commission.  In 2008, Parsons won a portion of the  
          Request for Proposals (RFP) for the same water project.  RFP had  
          been neither specific to nor was it a consequence of the prior  
          work done by Parsons for the water project.  The author,  
          however, believes that an unfair interpretation of the conflicts  
          of interest provisions in state law might make Parsons forfeit  
          all of the profits it has made to date on the water project  








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          because Parsons played a minor role with RFP.

          Section 1091.5 currently does not facially apply to an  
          independent contractor who prepared a document that serves a  
          purpose independent of the contract or any bid-related  
          documents.  Parsons, in a letter, does not believe it ultimately  
          had any involvement in the creation of the scope that eventually  
          comprised RFP and subsequent contract Parson won. 

          This bill is retroactive in scope.  The bill has the Legislature  
          reach back in time over a year to clear Parsons of any potential  
          wrongdoing that may or may not have resulted from its  
          involvement with RFP for the water project.  The federal  
          government is prohibited from passing ex post facto laws, which  
          apply to criminal statutes, by Section 9 of Article I of the  
          U.S. Constitution and the states are prohibited from the same by  
          Clause 1 of Section 10 of Article I.  In Landgraf v. Usi Film  
          Prods (1994)(511 U.S. 244), the U.S. Supreme Court wrote that  
          "the presumption against retroactive legislation is deeply  
          rooted in our jurisprudence, and embodies a legal doctrine  
          centuries older than our Republic" (Id. at 265).  

          As James Madison wrote in The Federalist Papers: "bills of  
          attainder, ex post facto laws, and laws impairing the obligation  
          of contracts" were "contrary to the first principles of the  
          social compact, and to every principle of sound legislation," in  
          part because such those measures invited the "influential" to  
          "speculate on public measures," to the detriment of the "more  
          industrious and less informed part of the community"(The  
          Federalist No. 44, p. 301 (J. Cooke ed. 1961).  The benefits of  
          retroactivity should be weighed against the potential for  
          disruption and unfairness (Landgraf v. Usi Film Prods, 511 U.S.  
          244, 268).

          The Legislature may wish to consider whether the benefit of  
          absolving a particular independent contractor from a speculative  
          violation of the conflicts of interest provisions outweighs the  
          potential for disruption and the appearance of unfairness.  
           

          Analysis Prepared by  :    Jennifer R. Klein / L. GOV. / (916) 319


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