BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                                 SENATE HEALTH
                               COMMITTEE ANALYSIS
                        Senator Elaine K. Alquist, Chair


          BILL NO:       AB 786                                       
          A
          AUTHOR:        Jones                                        
          B
          AMENDED:       June 30, 2009                               
          HEARING DATE:  July 15, 2009                                
          7              
          CONSULTANT:                                                 
          8
          Park/                                                       
          6
                                        

                                     SUBJECT
                                         
          Individual health care coverage: coverage choice categories

                                     SUMMARY  

          Requires the Director of the Department of Managed Health  
          Care (DMHC) and the Commissioner of the California  
          Department of Insurance (CDI) to jointly develop a system  
          to categorize all health coverage products sold to  
          individuals, as specified, as well as standard definitions  
          and terminology for covered benefits and cost-sharing  
          provisions for individual coverage. Requires health plans  
          and health insurers to set the maximum limit on  
          out-of-pocket costs in individual health care service plan  
          contracts and health insurance policies issued, amended, or  
          renewed on or after April 1, 2011, at ($10,000) per person,  
          per year.  Requires the Office of Patient Advocate (OPA) to  
          develop and maintain on its Internet website a uniform  
          benefits matrix of all available individual health plan  
          contracts and individual health insurance policies arranged  
          by coverage choice category.
                                         

                            CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW 

          Existing law:
          Existing law provides for regulation of health plans by the  
                                                         Continued---



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          Department of Managed Health Care and for regulation of  
          health insurers by the California Department of Insurance.   
          Existing law establishes the Office of the Patient Advocate  
          to represent the interests of health plan enrollees.   
          Existing law authorizes health plans to offer and sell  
          health care service plan contracts and authorizes health  
          insurers to offer and sell health insurance policies, as  
          specified.  Existing law requires every health plan and  
          every health insurer, to cover, or offer coverage for,  
          specified mandated benefits or types of coverage, with  
          different benefit requirements applicable to health plans  
          under DMHC and health insurers under CDI.

          Existing law requires full-service health plans and health  
          insurance policies in the individual market to have written  
          policies, procedures, or underwriting guidelines  
          establishing the criteria and process under which the plan  
          makes decisions to provide or to deny coverage and sets the  
          rate for that coverage.  

          Existing law requires individual health plan contracts  
          under the jurisdiction of DMHC to offer basic health care  
          services, as defined, as well as other specific types of  
          health care services. Existing law requires certain  
          individual health insurance policies under the jurisdiction  
          of CDI to offer specific types of health care services, but  
          not basic health care services.

          Existing law requires health care service plans to use  
          disclosure forms or materials containing information  
          regarding the benefits, services, and terms of the plan  
          contract as the Director of the DMHC (Director) may  
          require, so as to afford the public, subscribers, and  
          enrollees with a full and fair disclosure of the provisions  
          of the plan in readily understood language and in a clearly  
          organized manner.  

          Existing law allows the Director to require that the  
          materials be presented in a reasonably uniform manner to  
          facilitate comparisons between plan contracts of the same  
          or other types of plans.  Existing law requires the  
          disclosure form to provide for specified information,  
          including the principal benefits and coverage of the plan,  
          including
          coverage for acute care and subacute care; the exceptions,  




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          reductions, and limitations that apply to the plan; the  
          full premium cost of the plan; and any copayment,  
          coinsurance, or deductible requirements that may be  
          incurred by the member or the member's family in obtaining  
          coverage under the plan; a description of any limitations  
          on the patient's choice of primary care physician,  
          specialty care physician, or non-physician health care  
          practitioner, based on service area and limitations on the  
          patient's choice of acute care hospital care, subacute or  
          transitional inpatient care, or skilled nursing facility;  
          and general authorization requirements for referral by a  
          primary care physician to a specialty care physician or a  
          non-physician health care practitioner.

          Existing law also requires the Director to require each  
          plan offering a contract to an individual or small group to  
          provide, with the disclosure form, a uniform health plan  
          benefits and coverage matrix containing the plan' s major  
          provisions in order to facilitate comparisons between and  
          among plan contracts.  Existing law requires the uniform  
          matrix to include the following category descriptions,  
          together with the corresponding copayments and limitations  
          in the following sequence: deductibles; lifetime maximums;  
          professional services; outpatient services; hospitalization  
          services; emergency health coverage; ambulance services;  
          prescription drug coverage; durable medical equipment;  
          mental health services; chemical dependency services; home  
          health services, and other.

          Existing law imposes similar, but somewhat less extensive,  
          disclosure requirements on health insurers offering health  
          insurance policies under the jurisdiction of CDI. 

          Existing law requires a health plan or insurer to permit,  
          at least once each year, an individual who has been covered  
          for at least 18 months under an individual plan contract  
          issued by the health plan or insurer to transfer, without  
          medical underwriting, as defined, to another individual  
          plan contract offered by the health plan or insurer having  
          equal or lesser benefits, as specified. Existing law  
          requires a plan and an insurer to rank its products for  
          these purposes and post the ranking on its Internet website  
          or make the ranking available upon request.

          




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          This bill:
          This bill would require DMHC and CDI, by December 31, 2011,  
          to jointly develop by regulation standard definitions and  
          terminology for covered benefits and cost-sharing  
          provisions, including, but not limited to, copayments,  
          coinsurance, deductibles, limitations, and exclusions,  
          applicable to all health care service plan contracts and  
          health insurance policies to be offered and sold to  
          individuals, on or after September 1, 2012. The bill would  
          authorize the regulations to require the submission of any  
          information needed to develop the standard definitions and  
          terminology required by this section.

          The bill would require all individual health care service  
          plan contracts and health insurance policies issued,  
          amended, or renewed on or after January 1, 2011, to contain  
          a maximum limit on out-of-pocket costs, including, but not  
          limited to, copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles, for  
          covered benefits provided by contracted providers. The bill  
          would set the maximum limit on out-of-pocket costs in  
          individual health care service plan contracts and health  
          insurance policies issued, amended, or renewed on or after  
          April 1, 2011, at ($10,000) per person, per year.

          The bill would require DMHC and CDI, by December 31, 2011,  
          to jointly develop, by regulation and in consultation with  
          health care service plans, health insurers, and consumer  
          representatives, a system to categorize all health care  
          service plan contracts and health insurance policies to be  
          offered and sold to individuals on and after September 1,  
          2012, into coverage choice categories in order to  
          facilitate transparency and consumer comparison shopping.  
          The bill would require these coverage choice categories to  
          reflect a reasonable continuum between the coverage choice  
          category with the lowest level of health care benefits, and  
          the coverage choice category with the highest level of  
          health care benefits, based on the actuarial value of each  
          product. The bill would require that the coverage choice  
          categories be based on the benefits covered and the  
          out-of-pocket costs, and be developed to ensure ease of  
          consumer comparison and understanding of the benefit design  
          choices in the individual market. 

          The bill would require that the system be developed with  
          the lowest number of choice categories necessary to include  




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          the full range of individual products into meaningful  
          categories, but would limit the total number to no more  
          than 10 coverage choice categories across all products  
          offered and sold to individuals, including health care  
          service plan contracts and health insurance policies. The  
          bill would require at least two categories to be in common  
          between products in DMHC and CDI.  The bill would require  
          the first coverage choice category to provide the most  
          comprehensive benefits and the lowest cost sharing, and be  
          comparable to the coverage provided by large employers to  
          their employees.

          The bill would require the Insurance Commissioner to  
          require health insurers, agents, and brokers selling  
          products in the coverage choice category with the lowest  
          benefits to provide a standard written notice to potential  
          purchasers as follows:

               Insurance products in this category include  
               significant limits on benefits and the health  
               care services that are covered. If you have a  
               serious injury, a serious illness such as a heart  
               attack or cancer, or ongoing health care costs  
               associated with a chronic condition such as  
               diabetes or heart disease, coverage under this  
               product may not pay for a substantial share of  
               the costs of doctors, hospitals, or other  
               treatments. You may face additional out-of-pocket  
               costs for doctors, hospitals, and other services  
               even if you have met your deductible or  
               out-of-pocket maximum. This product does not  
               provide maternity coverage. Please examine this  
               product carefully before purchasing.

          The bill would require that the regulations developed by  
          DMHC and CDI identify and require the submission of any  
          information needed to categorize each individual health  
          care service plan contract and individual health insurance  
          policy, including, but not limited to, the copayments,  
          coinsurance, deductibles, limitations, exclusions, and  
          premium rates applicable to, and the actuarial value of,  
          each contract or policy. The bill would require a health  
          care service plan and health insurer to submit the  
          information required by DMHC or CDI to implement these  
          provisions no later than February 1, 2012, for all new  




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          individual contracts to be offered or sold on or after  
          September 1, 2012.

          The bill would require the Director of DMHC and Insurance  
          Commissioner to categorize each individual health care  
          service plan contract to be offered by a plan and each  
          individual health insurance policy to be offered by an  
          insurer into the appropriate coverage choice category on or  
          before June 30, 2012.

          The bill would require the Office of Patient Advocate (OPA)  
          to develop and maintain on its Internet website a uniform  
          benefits matrix of all available individual health plan  
          contracts and individual health insurance policies arranged  
          by coverage choice category. The bill would require this  
          uniform benefit matrix to include, but not be limited to: 

           The telephone number or numbers that may be used by an  
            applicant to contact either DMHC or CDI, as appropriate,  
            for additional assistance; 
           A link to provider network information on the Internet  
            website of the corresponding health care service plan or  
            health insurer, for each health care service plan  
            contract or health insurance policy included in the  
            matrix; and,
           Specified benefit information submitted by health plans  
            and by health insurers, including, but not limited to:  
            standard rates by age, family size, and geographic  
            region; deductibles; copayments or coinsurance, as  
            applicable; annual out-of-pocket maximums; professional  
            services; outpatient services; preventive services;  
            hospitalization services; emergency health services;  
            ambulance services; prescription drug coverage; durable  
            medical equipment; mental health and substance abuse  
            services; and home health services.

          The bill would authorize OPA to utilize the information  
          provided by health care service plans and health insurers  
          to develop additional information and tools to facilitate  
          consumer comparison shopping of individual health care  
          service plan contracts and individual health insurance  
          policies.

          The bill would require a health plan, health insurer,  
          solicitor, solicitor firm, broker, or agent, when marketing  




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          or selling a health plan contract or health insurance  
          policy in the individual market, to make the prospective  
          enrollee or insured aware of the availability and contents  
          of the benefit matrix developed by OPA pursuant to the  
          provisions above, and would make this requirement  
          applicable only after OPA has developed the benefit matrix.  


          This bill would exempt Medicare supplement plans and  
          coverage offered by specialized health care service plans  
          or under government-sponsored programs under the  
          jurisdiction of DMHC from these provisions, and provide  
          that nothing in the provisions under the Insurance Code  
          shall be construed to limit disability insurance,  
          including, but not limited to, hospital indemnity, accident  
          only, and specified disease insurance that pays benefits on  
          a fixed benefit, cash payment only basis, from being sold  
          as supplemental insurance.
          

                                  FISCAL IMPACT  

          According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee, the  
          bill would result in annual fee-supported special fund  
          costs of $1 million, combined, to the DMHC and CDI to  
          establish the system to categorize all individual health  
          coverage into standard categories and continue oversight of  
          the provisions established by this bill.


                            BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION  

          The author states that this bill is needed because, despite  
          the large number of Californians who are covered in the  
          individual market, it is nearly impossible for consumers to  
          make price comparisons for individual health insurance,  
          since each product from each insurer has different  
          deductibles, copayments, out-of-pocket maximums, benefits,  
          or networks.  The author states that it is hard for  
          consumers to determine what their plan covers or how  
          comprehensive their coverage is, and the result is that  
          some consumers think they are well covered, but find out  
          otherwise, only when it is too late. The author asserts  
          that some coverage is marketed as quality coverage, but may  
          actually only cover hospitalization, while some plans leave  




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          consumers with significant gaps in coverage, with unlimited  
          exposure to medical bills. The author states that this  
          measure would organize the individual insurance market and  
          make it understandable for consumers. The author adds that  
          the bill would also weed out "junk" insurance, such as  
          coverage with no maximum on out-of-pocket expenses, which  
          deceptively offers coverage, but leaves consumers with  
          large medical bills.

          The Individual Health Insurance Market
          The individual health insurance market is made up of  
          individuals and families who pay for their own coverage,  
          generally because group coverage is not available. Health  
          plans and insurers selling individual coverage conduct  
          medical underwriting, the process of reviewing an applicant  
          or applicants' medical history to determine the financial  
          risk posed by the applicant or applicants, and may deny an  
          applicant health insurance, limit a benefit package, or  
          charge a higher premium based on the assessed level of  
          risk. Numerous individual health coverage contracts and  
          policies, with varying levels of costs and benefits, are  
          offered by health plans and health insurers under CDI and  
          DMHC.

          According to data published in 2005 by the California  
          HealthCare Foundation (CHCF), almost 30 percent of  
          California adults are potential purchasers in the  
          individual market, but only eight percent purchase  
          coverage. The average monthly premium for individual  
          coverage was $211 in 2002. The data suggested that "people  
          in the individual market pay varying amounts for the same  
          coverage, pointing to the importance of information and  
          shopping." Nationally, the percent of nonelderly with  
          individual coverage has declined from 7.4 percent in 1988  
          to 6.5 percent in 2003. The percentage of nonelderly who  
          are market candidates has increased from 21.8 percent to  
          26.1 percent in the same time period, while percent of  
          market candidates with individual coverage has declined  
          from 33.9 percent to 24.8 percent. 

          A 2007 study supported by CHCF, found that the actuarial  
          value of individual coverage declined dramatically over  
          time. In 2003, individual market policies paid 75  percent  
          of medical costs on average, while three years later, that  
          figure dropped to 55 percent.  The same study found that  




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          individual market premiums increased by 23 percent between  
          2002 and 2006.

          According to a RAND study on consumer decision making in  
          California's individual health insurance market, funded by  
          the California HealthCare Foundation and published in  
          Health Affairs in May 2006, reducing the complexity of  
          shopping for individual coverage could increase  
          participation as much as, if not more than, price  
          subsidies. The study also found that, in California, the  
          individual market is an important source of long-term  
          coverage for a sizable fraction of those who purchase it. 
           
           California Health Benefits Review Program
          Pursuant to AB 1996 (Thomson), Chapter 795, Statutes of  
          2002, and SB 1704 (Kuehl), Chapter 684, Statutes of 2006,  
          which asks the University of California to assess  
          legislation proposing a mandated benefit or service, or the  
          repeal of a mandated benefit or service, the California  
          Health Benefits Review Program (CHBRP) prepared a written  
          analysis of the public health, medical, and economic  
          impacts of this measure. The Assembly Health Committee  
          requested that CHBRP analyze  the introduced version  of this  
          bill, because it required all health insurance policies to  
          cover physicians, hospitals, and preventive services.   
          CHBRP determined that any benefits that would be mandated  
          as a result of this bill are not specified, but assigned to  
          DMHC and CDI to define, and concluded that a traditional  
          CHBRP mandate analysis was not feasible.  The following are  
          highlights from the analysis: 

            Enrollees  .  In 2006, 17.7 million, or 6.8 percent, of the  
            non-elderly U.S. population purchased health insurance in  
            the private individual market.  In contrast, in  
            California, a larger portion of the non-elderly  
            population-about 2 million, or 11.5 percent of those who  
            are commercially insured-purchased products in the  
            individual market.  

             Premiums  .  Prices for individual policies vary  
            considerably.  Nationally, average annual premiums are  
            $2,613 for single coverage and $5,799 for family plans.   
            In California, as of September 2008, CHBRP estimates that  
            the average annual premium in the individual market was  
            $7,146 for a family of 2.99 persons and $2,905 for single  




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            individual coverage.

             Deductibles  .  In 2006, the average deductible in  
            single-coverage individual plans/policies in California  
            was $2,136, with out-of-pocket maximums averaging $3,998.  
             (A deductible is the amount the consumer must spend  
            before the coverage begins, although specified services,  
            such as preventive services, may be exempt from the  
            deductible.)   According to data CHBRP collected from the  
            seven largest carriers in California, from 2006 to 2009,  
            high deductible health plans (HDHPs) ($1,000 or more for  
            an individual or $2,000 or more for a family) represented  
            over half of the individual insurance market.  (The IRS  
            currently defines a HDHP,  for the purpose of using a  
            tax-free Health Savings Accoun  t, as a health plan/policy  
            with an annual deductible that is not less than $1,150  
            for single coverage, or $2,300 for family coverage, with  
            annual out-of-pocket expenses not to exceed $5,800 for  
            single coverage or $11,600 for family coverage.)

             Out-of-pocket costs  .   CHBRP cited one study of the six  
            leading insurance carriers in California which found that  
            Californians with individual coverage are all in plans  
            with some out-of-pocket maximum  . CHBRP noted that if this  
            bill is interpreted to require the regulatory agencies to  
            establish out-of-pocket maximums, this bill could have  
            implications for the use of health care services and the  
            costs of insurance.  (An alternative interpretation is  
            that the bill may require health plans insurers to simply  
            disclose out-of-pocket costs to facilitate price  
            comparisons by consumers.) Using comprehensive benefit  
            packages as the base for comparison (i.e., non-HDHPs),  
            premium increases would range from 1 percent to 25  
            percent, depending on the maximum level of the  
            out-of-pocket costs established by regulators.  Products  
            associated with less comprehensive benefit packages would  
            likely face greater premium effects, when altering just  
            out-of-pocket maximums, and holding all other plan/policy  
            design elements constant.
  
             Minimum benefits and coverage  .  CHBRP identified the  
            differences between DMHC-regulated health plans and  
            CDI-regulated health insurance policies, including the  
            requirement for DMHC-regulated plans to offer basic  
            health care services, as defined.  CHBRP notes that the  




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            major differences between the two are that CDI-regulated  
            products are not required to cover preventive services,  
            hospitalization, or maternity services. CHBRP also noted  
            that trends in health care delivery suggest that  
            plans/policies that only cover hospital care are no  
            longer adequate to prevent people from incurring  
            catastrophic expenditures, given that the volume and  
            range of services provided outside acute care hospitals  
            has grown dramatically since the mid-1980s due to  
            technological innovations and changes in reimbursement  
            policy. CHBRP noted other factors in its report that are  
            no longer relevant to the current version of this bill,  
            as it no longer requires all individual market products  
            to cover physician services, hospitals, and preventive  
            services and meet existing coverage requirements. 

             Impact of standardizing information
             CHBRP cited research that found that many individuals in  
            the United States have a limited understanding of health  
            insurance products and thus struggle with selecting a  
            health plan/policy, and that individuals can only process  
            a limited number of factors when making a decision,. The  
            research showed that many individuals do not become  
            familiar with the specific attributes of their health  
            insurance plan/policy until they use health care  
            services. A 2006 survey of California adults enrolled in  
            HMOs found that more than 40 percent of HMO consumers  
            reported a problem with their HMO in the last year, with  
            12 percent of adults enrolled in HMOs discovering that  
            important benefits they needed were not covered, and 10  
            percent reporting they had misunderstood their coverage  
            or benefits. CHBRP noted that both Massachusetts and the  
            Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services provide  
            standardized information on insurance product offerings,  
            the latter related to Medicare beneficiaries.

            CHBRP noted that, in the early 1990s, supplemental  
            Medicare plans (Medigap policies) were required to adhere  
            to 1 of 10 standardized benefit packages, and researchers  
            found that the Medigap reform resulted in reduced  
            confusion among policyholders, broader benefit packages,  
            increased coverage for certain benefits, reduced  
            marketing abuses, and reduced consumer complaints.

             Risk segmentation  .  According to CHBRP, risk segmentation  




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            occurs when consumers are offered a choice of products  
            that vary in the scope of benefits.  Healthier consumers  
            tend to select the lowest price, lowest benefit plans  
            while persons with health concerns or conditions,  
            anticipating the need for health care services, tend to  
            select more comprehensive and more expensive products.   
            As CHBRP points out, benefit package design is a tool for  
            insurers to segment enrollees by health care risk.  CHBRP  
            concludes that this type of risk segmentation in  
            individual products means that individuals with the  
            greatest health care needs bear a greater financial risk,  
            which can lead to more uninsured and underinsured  
            persons. One consequence of the increase in  
            high-deductible individual plan products has been greater  
            risk segmentation in the market.  

             Other policy considerations  .  CHBRP's issue brief also  
            pointed out several other policy considerations related  
            to this bill, including:  some insurance products  
            regulated by CDI may not be affected by this bill because  
            they are excluded from the existing definition of health  
            insurance in the Insurance Code, such as policies that  
            pay daily cash benefits during a hospital stay. 

          Arguments in support
          Consumer, labor, and provider organizations support this  
          bill as a way to help consumers more effectively comparison  
          shop among individual coverage options.  Health Access  
          California, sponsor of this bill, writes that this bill  
          will help organize the individual insurance market so that  
          consumers can shop knowledgably, and prevent insured  
          consumers from being surprised with significant medical  
          debt.  Health Access also argues that this bill would  
          eliminate junk insurance-plans with no maximum on  
          out-of-pocket expenses, which deceptively offer coverage  
          but leave consumers with unlimited exposure-by establishing  
          a $10,000 out-of-pocket maximum for all coverage.  

          AARP writes that the complexity of the individual health  
          insurance market can be daunting for consumers, leading to  
          misunderstanding of coverage details and uninformed  
          choices.  The American Federation of State, County, and  
          Municipal Employees states that it believes in providing  
          Californians with quality insurance, along with clear  
          information on the services provided within each plan. The  




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          California Psychological Association writes that the bill  
          empowers individuals to know what level of service they are  
          getting before they purchase the coverage, including  
          coverage for mental health.

          The California Public Interest Research Group (CALPIRG)  
          writes that consumers may spend a lot [on individual  
          coverage] without realizing they are getting very little.  
          CALPIRG writes that, in our weakening economy, Californians  
          are in more danger than ever from medical debt, and if  
          consumers inadvertently pick a plan that isn't right for  
          them, they run the risk of having huge medical bills not  
          covered by their insurance, or of having to file for  
          bankruptcy. CALPIRG believes that this measure will give  
          working Californians the power to make the right health  
          care choices for their families. 

          Western Center on Law and Poverty writes that maximum  
          limits on out-of-pocket costs are needed in our current  
          market. WCLP notes that, in 2007 an estimated 25 million  
          nonelderly adults were underinsured, which represented a 60  
          percent increase since 2003.

          Arguments in opposition
          Health plans, insurers, and some business organizations  
          oppose this bill. The California Association of Health  
          Plans (CAHP) opposes this bill expressing concerns that it  
          could negatively impact the ability of health plans to  
          provide flexible products to individuals at affordable  
          prices.  According to CAHP, the individual market is  
          currently accessible to nearly all who apply for coverage.   
          CAHP points to a 2007 survey by America's Health Insurance  
          Plans that found that nine out of ten applicants who went  
          through an application process for individual coverage were  
          offered coverage.  CAHP argues that health plans are  
          currently able to keep policies affordable by ensuring that  
          health risk is accurately assessed and through flexibility  
          in product design to lower premiums.  

          The Association of California Life and Health Insurance  
          Companies (ACLHIC) writes that it supports transparency of  
          health plan choices so that individuals can compare  
          options, but that this bill goes beyond that and may  
          eliminate lower cost options in the market.  ACLHIC  
          believes that the bill also assumes that CDI products are  




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          less comprehensive than DMHC-licensed products, and puts  
          CDI  products at a competitive disadvantage, based on the  
          disclosure requirement that applies to CDI products only.  
          ACLHIC also writes that the requirement to establish  
          standard definitions and terminology for covered benefits  
          and cost-sharing provisions may create a considerable  
          operational burden and believes the time frames in the bill  
          are unworkable. 

          Health Net writes that the standard definitions and  
          terminology requirement may require massive revamping of  
          information technology systems and retraining of staff, and  
          also opposes the disclaimer required by the Insurance Code  
          that benefits may not include maternity coverage or may not  
          pay a substantial portion of costs, absent determination by  
          regulators about what the categories are and where the  
          benefit plans should go.

          Anthem Blue Cross (Blue Cross) writes that it is opposed to  
          the measure, unless it is amended to categorize health care  
          products in the individual market based on actuarial value,  
          and set the annual out-of-pocket maximum for in-network  
          medical services at $15,000 per person, to be updated  
          annually, according to the medical consumer price index.  
          Blue Cross additionally echoes many of the objections  
          stated above. The California Association of Health  
          Underwriters (CAHU) writes that it is opposed to mandating  
          maximum out-of-pocket expenses at $10,000, and believes  
          that this will have the effect of regulating product design  
          and premium rates. CAHU states that the medical consumer  
          price index has risen twice as fast as wages for the last  
          20 years, and that, over time, it will limit carriers'  
          ability to design affordable products.

          



          Prior legislation
          SB 1522 (Steinberg) of 2008 would have required DMHC and  
          the CDI to jointly develop a system to categorize into five  
          coverage choice categories health coverage sold to  
          individuals, as specified.  Failed on the Assembly floor.
          
          ABX1 1 (Nunez) of 2007 a comprehensive health care reform  




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          15




          proposal, included, among other elements, provisions that  
          would have significantly reformed the individual health  
          insurance market, including provisions identical to the  
          introduced version of this bill.  ABX1 1 would have  
          required DMHC and CDI to develop, by regulation, a system  
          to categorize health plan contracts and insurance policies  
          into five choice categories, reflecting a reasonable  
          continuum of benefits and prices; would have required  
          health plans and insurers to offer coverage to individuals  
          without medical underwriting and regardless of their health  
          status or claims history, as specified; and would have  
          required individuals to have health insurance coverage,  
          with certain exceptions.  ABX1 1 failed passage in the  
          Senate Health Committee.
           
          AB 8 (Nunez) of 2007 also a comprehensive reform measure,  
          contained similar provisions to ABX1 1 with regard to  
          individual insurance market reforms, but did not require  
          all individuals to have health insurance coverage.  Vetoed  
          by Governor. Schwarzenegger who stated in his veto message,  
          "AB 8 does not achieve coverage for all, a critical step  
          needed to reduce health care costs for everyone.   
          Comprehensive reform cannot leave Californians vulnerable  
          to loss or denial of coverage when they need it most.   
          Finally, to be sustainable, comprehensive reform cannot  
          place the majority of the financial burden on any one  
          segment of our economy."

          SB 48 (Perata) of 2007 would have enacted product and  
          underwriting reforms in the individual market and other  
          health care system reforms.  These provisions were deleted  
          from SB 48.
           
          AB 2889 (Frommer), Chapter 826, Statutes of 2006, requires  
          health plans and health insurers to permit an individual  
          who has been covered for at least 18 months under an  
          individual benefit plan to transfer, without medical  
          underwriting, to any other individual benefit plan with  
          equal or lesser benefits, as specified.

          AB 2281 (Chan) of 2006 would have established standards and  
          disclosure requirements affecting individual benefit plans  
          with annual deductibles, and would have required DMHC and  
          CDI to develop a consumer guide on individual benefit plans  
          with annual deductibles to assist consumers in evaluating  




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          16




          competing products in the market.  Failed passage on the  
          Assembly floor.

          AB 977 (Nava) of 2006 would have required health plans and  
          health insurers to apply to DMHC and CDI for approval prior  
          to offering for sale any health coverage product that  
          includes any deductible, copayment, or other out-of-pocket  
          cost or limitation on benefits or coverage, and would have  
          required a public notice and comment period for review of  
          the product approval applications.  Failed passage in the  
          Senate Banking, Finance and Insurance Committee.

          AB 356 (Chan), Chapter 526, Statutes of 2005, requires  
          health plans and insurers selling individual benefit plans  
          to disclose specified information to individuals applying  
          for coverage, and to those who have such coverage, and to  
          report a general description of their rating and  
          underwriting criteria and policies to DMHC and CDI.

                                  PRIOR ACTIONS

           Assembly Floor:     48-28
          Assembly Appropriations:10-5
          Assembly Health:    13-6

                                     COMMENTS
           
          1.Comparison to SB 1522 (Steinberg) of 2008.
            Last year, this committee passed out SB 1522, a similar  
            bill, which contained a maximum of five coverage choice  
            categories that were to be uniform between health plans  
            and health insurers regulated by their respective  
            entities. That bill also required health insurance  
            policies under the jurisdiction of CDI to cover  
            preventive services, physicians, and hospitals, which  
            this bill does not. 

          2.Maximum out-of-pocket expenditure. 
            The bill would set the maximum limit on out-of-pocket  
            costs in individual health care service plan contracts  
            and health insurance policies issued, amended, or renewed  
            on or after April 1, 2011, at ten thousand dollars  
            ($10,000) per person per year. Given that families may be  
            covered under individual plan contracts and policies, the  
            author may want to adjust the out-of-pocket maximum for  




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          17




            families to be less than $10,000 per person, per year.

          3.Technical amendments. 
             a)   The bill would authorize the regulations developed  
               by DMHC and CDI to require the submission of any  
               information needed to develop the standard definitions  
               and terminology required by this section. Staff  
               recommends that the bill require plans and insurers to  
               provide information identified by DMHC and CDI as  
               necessary to develop standard definitions and  
               terminology.

                    Page 4, lines 11-14:
                     
                    (b) The  regulations developed by the   
                    department and the Department of Insurance  
                    pursuant to this section may identify and  
                    require the submission of any information  
                    needed to develop the standard definitions  
                    and terminology required by this section.

                    Page 7, lines14-18:

                    (b) The  regulations developed by the   
                    department and the Department of Managed  
                    Health Care pursuant to this section may  
                    identify and require the submission of any  
                    information needed to develop the standard  
                    definitions and terminology required by this  
                    section.

             b)   Exemptions for Medicare supplement and other  
               specialized health insurance under the jurisdiction of  
               DMHC should be duplicated in the Insurance Code.

                    Page 9, line 10:

                    (d) The commissioner shall categorize each  
                    individual health insurance policy to be offered  
                    by an insurer into the appropriate coverage  
                    choice category on or before June 30, 2012.
                    (e) This section shall not apply to Medicare  
                    supplement policies or certificates or to  
                    coverage offered through specialized health  
                    insurance policies or government-sponsored  




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          18




                    programs.

                     (e)  (f) Nothing in this section shall be  
                    construed to limit disability insurance,  
                    including, but not limited to, hospital  
                    indemnity, accident only, and specified disease  
                    insurance that pays benefits on a fixed benefit,  
                    cash payment only basis, from being sold as  
                    supplemental insurance.


                                    POSITIONS  
                                        
          Some of the letters from the organizations listed below  
          were written in reference to the prior version of the bill.  
          It is not clear whether recent amendments would change any  
          of these groups' positions.

          Support:   Health Access California (sponsor)
                 American Association of Retired Persons 
                 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,  
                 District IX / CA
                 American Federation of State, County and Municipal  
                 Employees, AFL-CIO
                 California Chiropractic Association
                 California Federation of Teachers
                 California Immigrant Policy Center
                 California Medical Association
                 California Pan-Ethnic Health Network
                 California Psychological Association
                 California Public Interest Research Group (CALPIRG)
                 California Retired Teachers Association
                 California Society for Clinical Social Work
                 California Teachers Association
                 Congress of California Seniors
                 Consumers Union
                 Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund
                 Having Our Say!
                 National Multiple Sclerosis Society
                 Service Employees International Union
                 Western Center on Law and Poverty

          Oppose:    Anthem Blue Cross (unless amended)
                 Association of California Life and Health Insurance  
                 Companies




          STAFF ANALYSIS OF ASSEMBLY BILL 786 (Jones)           Page  
          19




                 Blue Shield of California
                 California Association of Health Plans
                 California Association of Health Underwriters
                   California Chamber of Commerce
                   Health Net

                                   -- END --