BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                AB 914
                                                                       

                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
                        Senator S. Joseph Simitian, Chairman
                              2009-2010 Regular Session
                                           
           BILL NO:    AB 914
           AUTHOR:     Logue
           AMENDED:    April 23, 2009
           FISCAL:     Yes               HEARING DATE:     July 6, 2009
           URGENCY:    No                CONSULTANT:       Randy Pestor
            
           SUBJECT  :    MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

            SUMMARY  :    
           
            Existing law  , under the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control  
           Act:

           1) Provides that any person who violates prescribed provisions  
              of the Clean Water Act or the Porter-Cologne Water Quality  
              Control Act is subject to civil liability, and sets  
              requirements for determining the amount of any liability.

           2) Requires a mandatory minimum penalty of $3,000 to be  
              assessed for each serious violation, under certain  
              circumstances.

           3) Authorizes the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB)  
              or a regional water quality control board (RWQCB), in lieu  
              of assessing all or a portion of the mandatory minimum  
              penalties, to require a publicly owned treatment works  
              (POTW) serving a small community to spend an equivalent  
              amount towards the completion of a compliance project  
              proposed by the POTW if the POTW or SWRCB makes certain  
              findings (e.g., compliance project is designed to correct  
              the violations within 5 years, compliance project is  
              consistent with SWRCB enforcement policy, POTW has prepared  
              a financing plan to complete the compliance project).

           4) Provides that for purposes of #3, a "POTW serving a small  
              community" serves a population of 10,000 or fewer or a  
              rural county, with a financial hardship as determined by  
              the SWRCB after considering such factors as median income  
              of the residents, rate of unemployment, or low population  









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              density.

            This bill  expands the compliance project in lieu provisions by  
           changing POTW to "publicly owned facility," which includes a  
           POTW, or a publicly-owned or privately-owned water system,  
           serving a population of 20,000 or fewer persons or a rural  
           county.

            COMMENTS  :

            1) Purpose of Bill  .  According to the author, AB 914 adds  
              facilities eligible "to apply penalties toward completion  
              of a compliance project when that facility serves a small  
              community" and "[a]djusts the definition of small community  
              from 10,000 to 20,000 persons."

           The author also notes that "small rural community waste water  
              treatment sanitation districts like Cascade Shores, Lake  
              Wildwood and Lake of the Pines are significantly impaired  
              in their ability to fund rehabilitation to achieve  
              compliance when confronted by escalation of fines and  
              penalties that result from many years expiring between  
              recorded violations and enforcement action."

            2) Sponsor's communities fall within current definition  .  The  
              communities cited by the author have populations less than  
              10,000 persons.  Moreover, the RWQCB, Central Valley  
              Region, recently allowed $450,000 in mandatory minimum  
              penalties for violations that occurred at the Cascade  
              Shores plant from January 1, 2000, through April 30, 2008,  
              to be applied towards its compliance project.  The RWQCB  
              determined that Cascade Shores met the definition in  
              current law and at that time was constructing a new $4  
              million wastewater treatment plant to correct the  
              violations.

            3) Expansion of population cap inconsistent with other Water  
              Code "small community" definitions  .  The Water Code  
              contains 5 definitions for "small community" with  
              population caps for certain programs.  None of these  
              references exceed 10,000 persons.











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            Water Code                                   Population Cap  
           13999.2(j)    Clean Water Bond Law of 1984 5,000 or less
           14052(k)            Clean Water/Reclamatin Bond Law of 1988  
              3,500 or less
           78610(d)            Clean Water/Water Recyling Program 5,000  
              or less
           79084(b)            Costa-Machado Water Act of 200010,000 or  
              less
           79120(d)            Costa-Machado Water Act of 200010,000 or  
              less

           Because other Water Code "small community" definitions do not  
              contain a population cap exceeding 10,000 persons,  
              expanding the population cap for the in lieu compliance  
              project process is inappropriate and should be stricken.

            4) Intent of current law to address POTWs - not private and  
              public water systems  .  When mandatory minimum penalties  
              were added in 1999, the SWRCB, RWQCBs, and POTWs were  
              authorized to require a discharger to complete and  
              implement pollution prevention, comply with that plan, and  
              make the plans available for public review.  The SWRCB,  
              RWQCBs, and POTWs were authorized to assess civil liability  
              and penalties, and to include a pollution prevention plan  
              in any waste discharge requirements or other permit issued  
              by the entity.

           Because discharges are introduced into POTWs for treatment,  
              and POTWs undertake the compliance project for treatment  
              purposes (as well as have the responsibilities described  
              above), the compliance project in lieu of penalties is  
              limited to POTWs - not other types of dischargers.   
              Moreover, the mandatory minimum penalty provisions, as well  
              as related provisions enacted in the mandatory minimum  
              penalty measures, do not contain references to drinking  
              water systems

            5) Expansion of in lieu compliance projects affects penalty  
              deterrent  .  In policy deliberations before the Senate  
              Environmental Quality Committee, the general direction of  
              the Committee has been to ensure that at a minimum, the  
              economic benefit of a violation of law should be recovered.  










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               This perspective is supported, in part, by various reports  
              documenting the lack of deterrence against violations of  
              environmental law due to insufficient sanctions.  The in  
              lieu compliance project alternative is intended to apply to  
              a specific circumstance - POTWs serving a small community  
              meeting certain conditions.  Expanding that provision by  
              increasing the population cap and enabling other  
              dischargers to participate largely defeats the original  
              purpose for establishing mandatory minimum penalties.

           If there are concerns about compliance programs, the author  
              may wish to consider other alternatives, such as extending  
              payments and alternative sources to finance improvements.

            6) Time for committee review of in lieu compliance project  
              process  ?  Since there are cases where serious violations  
              occur over several years, it may be appropriate for the  
              committee to review the in lieu compliance project process  
              while also considering whether that process weakens the  
              effect of mandatory minimum penalties while encouraging  
              ongoing violations.  Also, such a review should occur  
              before the committee considers expanding the program, as  
              provided under this bill.

            SOURCE  :        Nevada County  

           SUPPORT  :       None on file  

           OPPOSITION  :    None on file