BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                AB 942
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        ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
        AB 942 (Committee on Judiciary)
        As Amended April 13, 2009
        Majority vote 

         JUDICIARY           10-0        APPROPRIATIONS      17-0         
         
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        |Ayes:|Feuer, Tran, Brownley,    |Ayes:|De Leon, Nielsen,         |
        |     |Evans, Jones, Knight,     |     |Ammiano, Charles          |
        |     |Krekorian, Lieu, Monning, |     |Calderon, Davis, Duvall,  |
        |     |Nielsen                   |     |Fuentes, Hall, Harkey,    |
        |     |                          |     |Miller, John A. Perez,    |
        |     |                          |     |Price, Skinner, Solorio,  |
        |     |                          |     |Audra Strickland,         |
        |     |                          |     |Torlakson, Krekorian      |
        |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
        |     |                          |     |                          |
         ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
         SUMMARY  :  Seeks to improve the handling of family and juvenile law  
        cases in our courts.  Specifically,  this bill  :  

        1)Authorizes the Judicial Council to convert up to an additional 10  
          subordinate judicial officer positions (SJOs) to judgeships each  
          year, upon vacancy, if the conversion of these additional  
          positions will result in a judge being assigned to a family or  
          juvenile law assignment previously presided over by a subordinate  
          judicial officer.

        2)Requires the Judicial Council to prepare and submit to the  
          Legislature a Judicial Needs Assessment that revises the time  
          study specifically for family and juvenile law, to get a better  
          handle on the judicial resource needs of our family and juvenile  
          courts.

         EXISTING LAW  :

        1)Provides that the Legislature may provide for the trial courts to  
          appoint officers such as commissioners to perform subordinate  
          judicial duties.  

        2)Authorizes the courts to appoint subordinate judicial officers,  
          and sets forth their duties and titles.  









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        FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee:

        1)Annual cost of up to $310,000 for conversion of 10 SJOs to  
          judgeships.  For each conversion of an SJO position to a  
          judgeship, the additional annual cost, based on salary differences  
          between the two positions, is approximately $31,000.  These  
          additional costs will be funded through a reallocation of monies  
          in the Trial Court Trust Fund.

        2)Minor absorbable costs to the Administrative Office of the Courts  
          to complete the needs assessment and report.

         COMMENTS  :  This non-controversial bill seeks to improve the handling  
        of family and juvenile law cases by increasing the likelihood that  
        these matters are presided over by judges and not subordinate  
        judicial officers.  The bill further seeks to ensure that there is  
        an appropriate understanding of the shortage of family and juvenile  
        law judges around the state so that this shortfall may begin to be  
        remedied in an appropriate manner.  The bill is supported by the  
        Judicial Council and has no known opposition.

        According to the Judicial Council, historically, SJO positions were  
        created and funded at the county level to address courts' needs for  
        judicial-like resources when new judgeships were pending or not yet  
        authorized by the Legislature.  Unlike judges, SJOs are not directly  
        accountable to the public, but due to the shortages of judges, are  
        performing some of the most complex and sensitive judicial duties.   
        Conversion of these positions to judgeships when they become vacant  
        makes them both more accountable to the public and helps provide  
        better trust and confidence in the courts.

        AB 159 (Jones), Chapter 722, Statutes of 2007, was enacted to  
        address a severe shortage in the number of trial court judgeships.   
        At that time, the Judicial Council noted potentially serious  
        consequences flowing from this deficiency in judicial resources,  
        including a significant decrease in Californians' access to the  
        courts, compromised public safety, an unstable business climate, and  
        enormous backlogs in some courts that inhibit fair, timely and  
        equitable justice.  That bill, in addition to authorizing 50  
        additional judges, authorized the conversion of 162 SJOs, upon  
        vacancy, to judgeships to utilize the judicial resources more  
        efficiently and properly limit SJOs to subordinate judicial duties.   










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        When AB 159 was enacted, the Legislature capped at 16 the number of  
        conversions that may happen each fiscal year.  According to the  
        Judicial Council, the number of conversions selected was based on an  
        estimate provided by the council during a budget subcommittee  
        hearing that it would likely take about 10 years to convert the 162  
        requested positions, as the positions may only convert upon vacancy.  
        For the first two years in which the council has converted  
        positions, that number  has fallen short of the number SJO vacancies  
        that have occurred in courts that are eligible for conversions.  
         
        In 2002 the Judicial Council identified family and juvenile law  
        matters among those that are of such a nature as to require judges,  
        rather than SJOs, to preside over them whenever possible. This  
        Council policy has been echoed repeatedly.  Among its many  
        recommendations, the Blue Ribbon Commission on Children in Foster  
        Care (BRC) recommended that "Consistent with Judicial Council  
        policy, judges-not subordinate judicial officers-hear dependency and  
        delinquency cases.  Pending a full transition from subordinate  
        judicial officers to judges (through reassignment or conversion of  
        subordinate judicial officer positions to judgeships), presiding  
        judges should continue the assignment of well-qualified and  
        experienced subordinate judicial officers to juvenile court." 
         
        This bill will therefore permit the Council to convert an additional  
        10 positions in each year.  Consistent with the Legislature's  
        increased focused interest on family and juvenile law reform and  
        improvement, and with the enacted legislative findings and  
        declarations regarding the rationale for conversion of SJOs, the  
        Council's repeated statements that judges rather than SJOs should  
        preside over critical case types such as family and juvenile law,  
        the recommendation of the BRC, and the focused attention on family  
        law matters with the work of the Council's Elkins Family Law Task  
        Force, the bill will permit the Council to convert the additional 10  
        positions if and only if the conversion results in a judge being  
        assigned to a family or juvenile law assignment that was previously  
        presided over by an SJO.  The bill does not impact the Council's  
        authority to convert the 16 positions already authorized by law.   
        The criteria related to the family or juvenile law assignment is  
        related only to conversions number 17 through 26.


         Analysis Prepared by  :  Drew Liebert / JUD. / (916) 319-2334 










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