BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                                                       Bill No:  AB  
          1060
          
                 SENATE COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
                       Senator Roderick D. Wright, Chair
                           2009-2010 Regular Session
                                 Staff Analysis



          AB 1060  Author:  De La Torre
          As Introduced:  February 27, 2009
          Hearing Date:  July 8, 2009
          Consultant:  Art Terzakis


                                     SUBJECT  
                  Alcoholic Beverages:  self-service checkouts


                                   DESCRIPTION
           
          AB 1060 prohibits off-sale licensees from selling alcoholic  
          beverages using a self-service checkout system.   
          Specifically, this measure:

          1.  Finds and declares that allowing customers to purchase  
            alcoholic beverages through self-service checkouts  
            facilitates the purchase of alcoholic beverages by  
            minors; permits intoxicated customers to purchase  
            additional alcoholic beverages; and, allows for greater  
            theft of alcoholic beverages, thereby depriving the state  
            of tax revenues.
           
          2.  Prohibits off-sale licensees from selling alcoholic  
            beverages using a point-of-sale system with limited or no  
            assistance from an employee of the licensee.

          3.  Defines "point-of-sale" system to mean any computer or  
            electronic system used by a retail establishment such as,  
            but not limited to, Universal Product Code scanners,  
            price lookup codes, or an electronic price lookup system  
            as a means for determining the price of the item being  
            purchased by a consumer. 

                                   EXISTING LAW




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          Existing law establishes the Department of Alcoholic  
          Beverage Control (ABC) and grants it exclusive authority to  
          administer the provisions of the ABC Act in accordance with  
          laws enacted by the Legislature.  This involves licensing  
          individuals and businesses associated with the manufacture,  
          importation and sale of alcoholic beverages in this state  
          and the collection of license fees or occupation taxes for  
          this purpose. 

          Existing law provides that the ABC may place reasonable  
          conditions upon any licensee in certain situations,  
          including, but not limited to, the following:  where  
          grounds exist for the denial of an application for a  
          license or where a protest against the issuance of a  
          license has been filed; where findings are made by the ABC  
          which would justify suspension or revocation of the  
          license, and imposition of the conditions is reasonably  
          related to those findings; where findings are made by the  
          ABC that the licensee has failed to correct objectionable  
          conditions within a reasonable period of time.   
          Furthermore, existing law provides that the ABC may suspend  
          or revoke a license for failure to take reasonable steps to  
          correct objectionable conditions, as described.

          Existing law states that every person who sells, furnishes,  
          gives, or causes to be sold, furnished, or given away, any  
          alcoholic beverage to any person under the age of 21 years  
          is guilty of a misdemeanor.  

          Existing law provides that except as provided by law, any  
          person who violates existing law by furnishing an alcoholic  
          beverage, or causing an alcoholic beverage to be furnished,  
          to a minor shall be punished by a fine of $1000, no part of  
          which shall be suspended, and the person shall be required  
          to perform not less than 24 hours of community service  
          during hours when the person is not employed and is not  
          attending            school.  

          Existing law defines an "on-sale" license as authorizing  
          the sale of all types of alcoholic beverages: namely, beer,  
          wine and distilled spirits, for consumption on the premises  
          (such as at a restaurant or bar).  An "off-sale" license  
          authorizes the sale of all types of alcoholic beverages for  
          consumption off the premises in original, sealed  
          containers.  




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                                    BACKGROUND
           
           Purpose of AB 1060:   The author's office points out that as  
          a society, we must continue to fight back the ill effects  
          of underage drinking because the lives of far too many  
          young people are negatively impacted by alcohol  
          consumption.  A sizeable number of deaths and injuries are  
          sustained each year due to this practice.  Yet, despite the  
          clear consequences and dangers posed by underage drinking,  
          studies show that minors throughout California are being  
          exposed to alcohol at much earlier ages.  The author's  
          office cites a 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health  
          that found 28% of young people between the ages of 12-20  
          reported drinking alcohol; 19% reported binge drinking. 

          According to the author's office, AB 1060 takes a  
          precautionary step and precludes the possibility of  
          underage drinking abuses occurring due to the usage of a  
          self-service checkout kiosk - the passive supervision  
          associated with these stations makes them vulnerable to  
          manipulation.  By forcing alcohol purchases to be made  
          through a face-to-face transaction from beginning to end,  
          the state of California can ensure that the necessary age  
          verification steps are being taken to keep alcohol out of  
          the hands of minors.  The author's office emphasizes that  
          requiring retailers to conduct all of their alcohol sales  
          in a face-to-face transaction with a cashier would not be  
          difficult and points out that it is currently required for  
          cigarettes, spray paints, and some over the counter drugs.   


          Additionally, the author's office references a recent study  
          on the self-checkout system conducted by law students in  
          the Community Economic Development Clinic at UCLA as proof  
          of the problems associated with selling alcohol through a  
          self-checkout system.  The study grew out of the Clinic's  
          work with the Los Angeles Alliance for a New Economy  
          (LAANE) which has focused on researching trends in the  
          grocery industry and their impact on economic development  
          in low-income communities.  This particular study was  
          conducted over two weeks in April with participants ranging  
          in age from 21 to 41.  Participants visited five different  
          grocery store chains with self-checkout machines:  
          Albertsons, Ralph's, Fresh & Easy, Superior, and the Market  
          by Vons.  In total, participants conducted 97 visits to 34  




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          grocery stores with self-checkout machines in Los Angeles  
          and Orange counties.  The study drew the falling  
          conclusion:  "evidence of inadequate staffing, inconsistent  
          monitoring, and technological failures documented in the  
          study suggest that self-checkout machines may increase the  
          risk of illegal purchases of alcohol, thereby harming  
          public health."    
           
          Arguments in Support:   Proponents note that the predominant  
          problem among youth is alcohol consumption and that sound  
          alcohol policies such as AB 1060 can prevent and reduce  
          alcohol-related problems.  

          Proponents reference the California State Attorney  
          General's "California Student Survey" which found that 36%  
          of 9th grade and nearly half (48%) of 11th grade students  
          report that alcohol is very easy to obtain.  The survey  
          also discovered that teens who binge drink (consume 5 or  
          more drinks in a row within the past 30 days) constitute  
          almost half of 9th graders who report any drinking.   
          Additionally, the survey found that by 11th grade nearly  
          two-thirds of the teens who drink report binge drinking.

          Proponents emphasize that the state has a responsibility to  
          regulate the retail sale of alcohol and as a society we  
          must do everything we can to prevent youth access to  
          alcohol.  Proponents believe that preventing youth access  
          by restricting alcohol sales through unsupervised  
          self-service retail sales is good public policy.

           Arguments in Opposition:   Opponents disagree with the  
          findings of the measure and argue that self-service  
          checkout stations have a lock-out or "freeze" mechanism to  
          preclude any customer from purchasing alcoholic beverages  
          without clerk intervention to verify age (ID) and finalize  
          the purchase.

          Opponents state that "assisted checkout stations are  
          overseen by clerks who must abide by California state law  
          governing the sale of alcoholic beverages.  The clerks must  
          either ask for identification from individuals seeking to  
          purchase alcoholic beverages or make a determination that  
          the customer is above the age of 21 and 'override' the  
          system by keying in their clerk or other code in order to  
          complete the transaction."





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          Opponents note that studies consistently show that most of  
          the time, minors obtain alcohol from persons of legal age,  
          not by purchasing or stealing it themselves.  Opponents  
          report that findings of the latest U.S. Substance Abuse &  
          Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National  
          Survey on Drug Use & Health show that:

                 Among underage drinkers, just 8.2% purchased the  
               alcohol themselves while nearly 22% gave money to  
               someone of legal age to purchase it.
                 Among underage drinkers who did not pay for the  
               alcohol, the most common source was an unrelated  
               person aged 21 or older (37.2%).  In addition, adult  
               family members provided it 19.5% of the time.
           
          Staff Comments:   When an individual goes through the  
          self-checkout lane and is purchasing, say, a bottle of wine,  
          the self-checkout supervisor must approve the sale through  
          verification of age.  You have to do this even if you're 84  
          years old, because the computer automatically demands ID  
          since of course it cannot (yet) distinguish between an  
          inebriated 19-year-old with a case of Pabst Blue Ribbon and  
          a 58-year-old with a bottle of Pinot Noir.

          It should be noted that ABC staff indicates that they have  
          no evidence of any problems associated with minors  
          purchasing alcoholic beverages through self-service  
          checkouts.

                            PRIOR/RELATED LEGISLATION
           
           AB 523 (De La Torre) 2007-08 Session.   Identical to AB 1060  
          (De La Torre) of 2009.  (Failed passage in this committee  
          on a vote of 5-2)
          
           SUPPORT:   As of July 3, 2009:

          California Council on Alcohol Policy
          Consumer Federation of California
          Los Angeles, City of
          Marin Institute
          Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)
          Peace Officers Research Association of California
          Pueblo Y Salud, Inc.
          Sutter/Yuba Friday Night Live - Youth Development  
          Organization




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           OPPOSE:   As of July 3, 2009:

          California Grocers Association
          California Retailers Association
          NCR Corporation
          Tech America
           
          FISCAL COMMITTEE:   Senate Appropriations Committee

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