BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 1225
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          Date of Hearing:   January 12, 2010

                            ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON HEALTH
                                  Dave Jones, Chair
                 AB 1225 (De La Torre) - As Amended:  January 4, 2010
           
          SUBJECT  :   Emergency and disaster response exercises:   
          infectious diseases.

           SUMMARY  :   Requires the Department of Public Health (DPH) and  
          local public health departments (LHDs), when conducting  
          emergency or disaster preparedness exercises relating to the  
          outbreak of an infectious disease, to establish a process to  
          identify deficiencies in preparedness and track measures to  
          improve preparedness plans.  Specifically,  this bill  :  

          1)Requires DPH and LHDs, when conducting emergency or disaster  
            preparedness exercises relating to the outbreak of an  
            infectious disease, to establish a process to identify  
            deficiencies in preparedness plans and procedures and track  
            the implementation of corrective measures to ensure that  
            necessary improvements to the preparedness plans are made.   
            Requires the process to provide for the following:

             a)   Preparation of an after-action report (AAR), as  
               specified, for each disaster preparedness exercise  
               conducted, to be submitted within 90 days of the exercise,  
               or within a time period required by the terms and  
               conditions federal financial assistance DPH or the LHD has  
               received to prepare for an act of bioterrorism or other  
               public health emergency; and,

             b)   Written procedures to assist in the review,  
               consideration, and, if applicable, optional implementation  
               of recommendations included in AARs. 

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Sets forth the duties of state and local agencies in emergency  
            and disaster preparedness and response generally under the  
            California Emergency Services Act.  

          2)Requires, under the California Code of Regulations:
             a)   Any city, city and county, or county declaring a local  
               emergency for which the Governor proclaims a state of  








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               emergency, and any state agency responding to that  
               emergency, to complete and transmit an AAR to the Office of  
               Emergency Services (OES) within 90 days of the close of the  
               incident period, as specified; and,

             b)   The AAR to, at a minimum, include a review of:
               i)     Response actions taken;
               ii)          Application of the Standard Emergency  
               Management System (SEMS);
               iii)         Suggested modifications to SEMS;
               iv)          Necessary modifications to plans and  
               procedures;  and,
               v)     Identification of training needs, and recovery  
               activities to date. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   This bill has not yet been analyzed by a fiscal  
          committee.  However, the Assembly Appropriations Committee  
          analysis of an identical bill, AB 2996 (De La Torre) of 2008,  
          estimated minor absorbable workload to DPH and LHDs to continue  
          compliance with federal and state emergency preparedness  
          statutes and regulations.  The analysis further notes that many  
          related funding sources in public health and emergency  
          preparedness are contingent on compliance with requirements.

           COMMENTS  :   

           1)PURPOSE OF THIS BILL  .  The author states that this bill is  
            needed because requiring DPH and LHDs to submit AARs after  
            emergency preparedness exercises will enhance statewide  
            preparedness and improve the state's ability to identify and  
            address infectious disease outbreaks.  The author notes that  
            while DPH and LHDs are required to submit AARs after actual  
            emergencies, existing state and federal requirements do not  
            mandate AARs for emergency preparedness exercises. 
           2)INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS AND RESPONSE  .  An infectious  
            disease outbreak is one of several types of events that can  
            trigger an emergency response.  Infectious disease emergencies  
            can be caused by biological agents, including bacteria,  
            viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, and can have  
            natural, accidental, or intentional origins.  Examples of  
            biological agents that are considered high priority  
            bioterrorism threats include anthrax, avian flu, botulism,  
            plague, smallpox, and tularemia. 










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          Responsibility for California's infectious disease response  
            preparedness lies with several local, state, and federal  
            entities.  The initial response to any type of emergency,  
            including one caused by an infectious disease, is the  
            responsibility of the local jurisdiction in which the  
            emergency occurs.  OES is the lead emergency management agency  
            in California and coordinates the state's response to major  
            emergencies.  OES has identified DPH as the state's lead  
            department for responding to public health emergencies such as  
            infectious disease emergencies.  DPH is responsible for  
            coordinating statewide public health assistance during  
            disasters and providing specialized services using state  
            health laboratories.  The Emergency Medical Services Authority  
            (EMSA) is responsible for supporting DPH during public health  
            emergencies by managing the state's medical response and  
            establishing medical response policies and procedures within  
            the framework of the overall state response. 
           3)CALIFORNIA STATE AUDITOR REPORT  .  In August 2005, the  
            California State Auditor (CSA) issued a report concerning  
            California's preparedness to respond to an infectious disease  
            emergency.  The CSA stated that California needs to do more to  
            improve its preparedness, citing that DPH (then the Department  
            of Health Services) did not have a tracking system for  
            following up on recommendations identified in AARs.  The CSA  
            stated that without a tracking system for following AARs, DPH  
            reduces the likelihood that it will take appropriate and  
            consistent corrective action.  Both OES and EMSA had  
            established tracking systems in 2005.  



          The CSA also found that DPH had not met two of the 14 benchmarks  
            set in the federal Centers for Disease Control and  
            Prevention's (CDC) 2002 Cooperative Agreement for Public  
            Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism by the June  
            2004 deadline.  Specifically, benchmarks three and six  
            required the state to assess its emergency preparedness and  
            response capabilities related to bioterrorism, other  
            infectious disease outbreaks, and other public health threats  
            and emergencies with a view to facilitating planning and  
            setting implementation priorities and require the development  
            of regional plans to respond to bioterrorism, other infectious  
            disease outbreaks, and other public health threats and  
            emergencies.








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          The CSA noted that while each of the five surveyed LHDs  
            participated in preparedness exercises related to infectious  
            disease emergencies, none of their plans included any policy  
            or specific procedure for preparing AARs and following up on  
            recommendations identified in those reports.  
           4)HEALTH OFFICERS ASSOCIATION OF CALIFORNIA REPORT  .  In 2007,  
            the Health Officers Association of California (HOAC) reported  
            on a comprehensive assessment of emergency preparedness in  
            LHDs.  The assessment considered infrastructure and used  
            federal and state funding guidance as a framework.  While the  
            report noted that LHDs have made significant progress in  
            emergency preparedness since 9/11, LHDs were largely still  
            only "partially prepared" at the time of the assessments in  
            2005-2006.  Among the report's many recommendations was that  
            LHDs should develop a written Improvement Plan, which would  
            include development of an evaluation tool to help in  
            developing post-event improvement exercises and specify how  
            and when to generate AARs to enable the identification and  
            implementation of corrective actions in a timely fashion.   
            HOAC also states that many LHDs already do AARs after  
            exercises. 


           5)CALIFORNIA EMERGENCY SERVICES ACT  .  The California Emergency  
            Services Act requires the development of an emergency plan  
            that describes the principles and methods to be applied in  
            carrying out emergency operations.  In response, OES prepared  
            the State of California Emergency Plan, which establishes a  
            system for coordinating all phases of emergency management in  
            California.  The phases include preparedness, response,  
            recovery and mitigation.  In the preparedness phase,  
            activities are undertaken in advance of an emergency to ensure  
            readiness for emergency response.  Such activities may include  
            developing emergency plans, training staff, and conducting  
            exercises to test plans and training.


           6)COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS  .  California receives preparedness  
            funding through two cooperative agreements.  One is a CDC  
            Public Health Preparedness and Response for Bioterrorism grant  
            which focuses on areas such as preparedness planning,  
            laboratory capacity, and communication and information  
            technology.  The second is a Health Resources and Services  
            Administration grant for Bioterrorism Hospital Preparedness,  
            which began in 2002 and specifically targets upgrading the  








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            preparedness of hospitals and collaborating entities, such as  
            other states and expert national organizations, to respond to  
            bioterrorism.  Each agreement has specific requirements and  
            benchmarks that beneficiaries must meet by certain deadlines.   



           7)STANDARDIZED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SEMS)  .  The  
            Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS) is the system  
            required by current law to provide an effective response to  
            multi-agency and multi-jurisdiction emergencies in California.  
             SEMS consists of five organizational levels which are  
            activated as necessary.  Local governments must use SEMS to be  
            eligible for funding of their personnel-related costs under  
            state disaster assistance programs.  By standardizing key  
            elements of the emergency management system, SEMS is intended  
            to facilitate the flow of information within and between  
            levels of the system and facilitate coordination among all  
            responding agencies. 


           8)NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  .  According to the Federal  
            Emergency Management Agency, the National Incident Management  
            System (NIMS) was developed so responders from different  
            jurisdictions and disciplines can work together to respond to  
            natural disasters and emergencies, including acts of  
            terrorism.  NIMS integrates effective practices in emergency  
            preparedness and response into a comprehensive national  
            framework for incident management and will enable responders  
            at all levels to work together more effectively to manage  
            domestic incidents of any cause, size, or complexity.  A  
            Homeland Security Presidential Directive, all federal  
            departments and agencies are required to adopt and implement  
            NIMS, and states, territories, tribes, and local governments  
            must also implement NIMS to receive federal preparedness  
            funding.  The 2008 NIMS compliance objectives continue to  
            require states, territories, tribes, and local governments to  
            incorporate corrective actions into preparedness and response  
            plans and procedures as a condition of receiving federal  
            funding.


           9)PREVIOUS LEGISLATION  .  










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             a)   AB 2584 (De La Torre) of 2005 and AB 2996 (De la Torre)  
               of 2008 were identical to this bill.  Governor  
               Schwarzenegger vetoed both bills, stating in his veto  
               message for AB 2996: 
                 I support efforts to ensure that California is  
                 better prepared for public health emergencies.   
                 However, I have previously vetoed similar  
                 legislation based in large part on the fact that the  
                 after-action reports mandated by this bill are  
                 already required by both the State's Standardized  
                 Emergency Management System and the federal  
                 government as a condition of the receipt of federal  
                 funds.  As a result, this measure simply duplicates  
                 existing statutes and regulations and would not  
                 increase public safety or improve preparedness and  
                 therefore is unnecessary.


             b)   AB 1476 (Hayashi) of 2007, would have required OES, in  
               collaboration with the Office of Homeland Security, on or  
               before May 1, 2008, to prepare and submit a report to the  
               Legislature, establishing an action plan to assist state  
               and local governments in sharing information to achieve  
               effective disaster response coordination, as provided.  AB  
               1476 would also have required the office to include an  
               implementation plan with regard to the State Computer  
               Emergency Data Exchange Program.  AB 1476 died in Assembly  
               Governmental Organization Committee. 
           10)SUGGESTED AMENDMENT  .  This bill requires the submission of an  
            AAR within 90 days of an exercise, but does not specify to  
            whom the report must be submitted.  The author may wish to  
            clarify the intended recipient of the AARs. 

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          None on file. 

           Opposition 
           
          None on file. 
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Allegra Kim and Melanie Moreno / HEALTH  
          / (916) 319-2097 








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