BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:   April 20, 2010
          Counsel:        Gabriel Caswell


                         ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                                 Tom Ammiano, Chair

                     AB 1678 (Lieu) - As Amended:  April 13, 2010
           

          SUMMARY  :  Limits what parolees may be placed on unsupervised  
          non-revocable parole and creates a system for preventing  
          non-revocable parole of individuals upon the objection of local  
          law enforcement.  Specifically,  this bill  :  

          1)States that non-revocable parole shall not be granted if a  
            local law enforcement agency raises an objection to the  
            release of a person.  The objection is reviewed by the  
            Secretary of the California Department of Corrections and  
            Rehabilitation (CDCR).  If the Secretary agrees non-revocable  
            parole is denied.  If the Secretary disagrees with local law  
            enforcement's objection the matter is appealed to the Board of  
            Parole Hearings (BPH).  The BPH shall hold a public hearing.   
            If two-thirds of the BPH votes in favor of the parolee  
            non-revocable parole shall be granted, otherwise non-revocable  
            parole is denied.  

          2)States a person who has been convicted of the following  
            offenses shall not be granted non-revocable parole:  

             a)   Solicitation of murder;  

             b)   Stalking;  

             c)   Domestic violence, as specified;  

             d)   Possession of an explosive or destructive device; 

             e)   Unlawfully causing a fire that causes an inhabited  
               structure or inhabited property to burn;  

             f)   Cruelty against children; 

             g)   Battery resulting in serious bodily injury; 









                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  2

             h)   Battery against an official; or,

             i)   Evasion of a peace officer.

          3)Prevents an individual from being granted non-revocable parole  
            if he or she is required to register as a gang member, is  
            listed on the CalGang System operated by the Department of  
            Justice, or has identified himself or herself as a gang member  
            to CDCR staff.  

          4)Provides CDCR shall be required to publish the following  
            information on its public Web site: 

             a)   The total number of persons paroled on non-revocable  
               parole;

             b)   The crimes for which the parolees have been convicted;

             c)   A list of each relevant crime and the corresponding  
               number of persons who have been released who have been  
               convicted of that crime; and,

             d)   The tally of persons convicted of a crime shall include  
               prior convictions and convictions for which the persons are  
               on parole.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Provides that notwithstanding any other provision of law, CDCR  
            shall not return to prison, place a parole hold, or report any  
            parole violation to the BPH regarding any person to whom all  
            of the following criteria apply (Penal Code Section 3000.03):

             a)   The person is not required to register as a sex  
               offender, as specified;  

             b)   The person was not committed to prison for a serious  
               felony or a violent felony (strikes), and does not have a  
               prior conviction for a serious felony or a violent felony  
               (strikes);

             c)   The person was not committed to prison for a sexually  
               violent offense, as defined, and does not have a prior  
               conviction for a sexually violent offense, as defined;









                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  3

             d)   The person was not found guilty of a serious  
               disciplinary offense, as defined in regulation by CDCR,  
               during his or her current term of imprisonment;

             e)   The person is not a validated prison gang member or  
               associate, as defined in regulation by CDCR;

             f)   The person did not refuse to sign any written  
               notification of parole requirements or conditions,  
               including, but not limited to, the written notification of  
               requirements, as specified; and,

             g)   The person was evaluated by CDCR using a validated risk  
               assessment tool and was not determined to pose a high risk  
               to re-offend.

          2)States that whenever any person confined to state prison is  
            serving a term for the conviction of a violent felony, the  
            Board of Prison Terms or the Department of Corrections (DOC)  
            shall notify the sheriff or chief of police, or both, and the  
            district attorney, who has jurisdiction over the community in  
            which the person was convicted and, in addition, the sheriff  
            or chief of police, or both, and the district attorney, having  
            jurisdiction over the community in which the person is  
            scheduled to be released on parole or re-released following a  
            period of confinement pursuant to a parole revocation without  
            a new commitment.  [Penal Code Section 3058.6(a).]

             a)   Provides that the notification shall be made by mail at  
               least 45 days prior to the scheduled release date, except  
               as provided.  In all cases, the notification shall include  
               the name of the person who is scheduled to be released,  
               whether or not the person is required to register with  
               local law enforcement, and the community in which the  
               person will reside. The notification shall specify the  
               office within DOC with the authority to make final  
               determination and adjustments regarding parole location  
               decisions.  [Penal Code Section 3058.6(b)(1).]  

             b)   States that notwithstanding any other provision of law,  
               DOC shall not restore credits nor take any administrative  
               action resulting in an inmate being placed in a greater  
               credit earning category that would result in notification  
               being provided less than 45 days prior to an inmate's  
               scheduled release date.  [Penal Code Section 3058.6(b)(2).]  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  4

                

             c)   Provides when notification cannot be provided within the  
               45 days due to the unanticipated release date change of an  
               inmate as a result of an order from the court, an action by  
               the Board of Prison Terms, the granting of an  
               administrative appeal, or a finding of not guilty or  
               dismissal of a disciplinary action, that affects the  
               sentence of the inmate, or due to a modification of DOC's  
               decision regarding the community into which the person is  
               scheduled to be released as specified, DOC shall provide  
               notification as soon as practicable, but in no case less  
               than 24 hours after the final decision is made regarding  
               where the parolee will be released.  [Penal Code Section  
               3058.6(b)(3).]  

             d)   Those agencies receiving the notice referred to in this  
               subdivision may provide written comment to the Board of  
               Prison Terms or DOC regarding the impending release.   
               Agencies that choose to provide written comments shall  
               respond within 30 days prior to the inmate's scheduled  
               release, unless an agency received less than 45 days'  
               notice of the impending release, in which case the agency  
               shall respond as soon as practicable prior to the scheduled  
               release.  Those comments shall be considered by the Board  
               of Prison Terms or DOC which may, based on those comments,  
               modify its decision regarding the community in which the  
               person is scheduled to be released.  DOC shall respond in  
               writing not less than 15 days prior to the scheduled  
               release with a final determination as to whether to adjust  
               the parole location and documenting the basis for its  
               decision, unless DOC received comments less than 30 days  
               prior to the impending release, in which case DOC shall  
               respond as soon as practicable prior to the scheduled  
               release.  The comments shall become a part of the inmate's  
               file.  [Penal Code Section 3058.6(b)(4).]  

             e)   Provides that if the court orders the immediate release  
               of an inmate, DOC shall notify the sheriff or chief of  
               police, or both, and the district attorney, having  
               jurisdiction over the community in which the person was  
               convicted and, in addition, the sheriff or chief of police,  
               or both, and the district attorney, having jurisdiction  
               over the community in which the person is scheduled to be  
               released on parole at the time of release.  [Penal Code  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  5

               Section 3058.6(c).]  

          3)States that except as otherwise provided in this section, an  
            inmate who is released on parole shall be returned to the  
            county that was the last legal residence of the inmate prior  
            to his or her incarceration.  For purposes of this  
            subdivision, "last legal residence" shall not be construed to  
            mean the county wherein the inmate committed an offense while  
            confined in a state prison or local jail facility or while  
            confined for treatment in a state hospital.  [Penal Code  
            Section 3003(a).]  

          4)States that an inmate may be returned to another county if  
            that would be in the best interests of the public.  If the BPH  
            setting the conditions of parole for inmates sentenced as  
            specified and as determined by the parole consideration panel,  
            or CDCR setting the conditions of parole for inmates decides  
            on a return to another county, it shall place its reasons in  
            writing in the parolee's permanent record and include these  
            reasons in the notice to the sheriff or chief of police.  In  
            making its decision, the paroling authority shall consider,  
            among others, the following factors, giving the greatest  
            weight to the protection of the victim and the safety of the  
            community [Penal Code Section 3003(b)]:

             a)   The need to protect the life or safety of a victim, the  
               parolee, a witness, or any other person;

             b)   Public concern that would reduce the chance that the  
               inmate's parole would be successfully completed;

             c)   The verified existence of a work offer, or an  
               educational or vocational training program;

             d)   The existence of family in another county with whom the  
               inmate has maintained strong ties and whose support would  
               increase the chance that the inmate's parole would be  
               successfully completed;

             e)   The lack of necessary outpatient treatment programs for  
               parolees receiving treatment, as specified; and,

             f)   In determining an out-of-county commitment, CDCR shall  
               give priority to the safety of the community and any  
               witnesses and victims.








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  6


          5)Provides in making its decision about an inmate who  
            participated in a joint venture program, the paroling  
            authority shall give serious consideration to releasing him or  
            her to the county where the joint venture program employer is  
            located if that employer states to the paroling authority that  
            he or she intends to employ the inmate upon release.  [Penal  
            Code Section 3003(d).]  

          6)The following information, if available, shall be released by  
            CDCR to local law enforcement agencies regarding a paroled  
            inmate who is released in their jurisdictions [Penal Code  
            Section 3003(e)(1)]:

             a)   Last, first, and middle name.

             b)   Birth date.

             c)   Sex, race, height, weight, and hair and eye color.

             d)   Date of parole and discharge.

             e)   Registration status, if the inmate is required to  
               register as a result of a controlled substance, sex, or  
               arson offense.

             f)   California Criminal Information Number, Federal Bureau  
               of Investigation number, social security number, and  
               driver's license number.

             g)   County of commitment.

             h)   A description of scars, marks, and tattoos on the  
               inmate.

             i)   Offense or offenses for which the inmate was convicted  
               that resulted in parole in this instance.

             j)   Address, including all of the following information:

               i)     Street name and number. Post office box numbers are  
                 not acceptable for purposes of this subparagraph.

               ii)    City and ZIP Code.









                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  7

               iii)   Date that the address provided pursuant to this  
                 subparagraph was proposed to be effective.

             aa)  Contact officer and unit, including all of the following  
               information:

               i)     Name and telephone number of each contact officer.

               ii)    Contact unit type of each contact officer such as  
                 units responsible for parole, registration, or county  
                 probation.

             bb)  A digitized image of the photograph and at least a  
               single digit fingerprint of the parolee.

             cc)  A geographic coordinate for the parolee's residence  
               location for use with a Geographical Information System  
               (GIS) or comparable computer program.

          7)States the information required by this subdivision shall come  
            from the statewide parolee database.  The information obtained  
            from each source shall be based on the same timeframe.  [Penal  
            Code Section 3003(e)(2).]  

          8)Provides all of the information required by this subdivision  
            shall be provided utilizing a computer-to-computer transfer in  
            a format usable by a desktop computer system.  The transfer of  
            this information shall be continually available to local law  
            enforcement agencies upon request.  [Penal Code Section  
            3003(e)(3).]  

          9)States the unauthorized release or receipt of the information  
            described in this subdivision is a violation of Penal Code  
            Section 11143.  [Penal Code Section 3003(e)(4).] 

          10)Specifies notwithstanding any other provision of law, an  
            inmate who is released on parole shall not be returned to a  
            location within 35 miles of the actual residence of a victim  
            of, or a witness to, a violent felony, or a felony in which  
            the defendant inflicts great bodily injury on any person other  
            than an accomplice if the victim or witness has requested  
            additional distance in the placement of the inmate on parole,  
            and if the BPH or CDCR finds that there is a need to protect  
            the life, safety, or well-being of a victim or witness.   
            [Penal Code Section 3003(f).]  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  8


          11)States notwithstanding any other law, an inmate who is  
            released on parole for a violation of specified sex offenses  
            whom CDCR determines poses a high risk to the public shall not  
            be placed or reside, for the duration of his or her parole,  
            within one-half mile of any public or private school including  
            any or all of Kindergarten and Grades 1 to 12, inclusive.   
            [Penal Code Section 3003(g).]  

          12)Provides notwithstanding any other law, an inmate who is  
            released on parole for an offense involving stalking shall not  
            be returned to a location within 35 miles of the victim's  
            actual residence or place of employment if the victim or  
            witness has requested additional distance in the placement of  
            the inmate on parole, and if the Board of Parole Hearings or  
            CDCR finds that there is a need to protect the life, safety,  
            or well-being of the victim.  [Penal Code Section 3003(h).]  

          13)States the authority shall give consideration to the  
            equitable distribution of parolees and the proportion of  
            out-of-county commitments from a county compared to the number  
            of commitments from that county when making parole decisions.   
            [Penal Code Section 3003(i).]  

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   

           1)Author's Statement  :  According to the author, "Last year, the  
            Legislature passed legislation to implement cuts to public  
            safety.  However, some loopholes were contained in that  
            legislation.  That is why the Senate Public Safety Committee  
            authored a bill to close one of the loopholes as applied to  
            county jails.  This bill closes other loopholes that are  
            critical to law enforcement and the protection of crime  
            victims.  There were some crimes left out of last year's  
            legislation-such as solicitation to commit murder; felony  
            child abuse likely to cause great bodily injury or death; and  
            other serious and violent crimes from the list of 'serious'  
            and 'violent' crimes that the CDCR uses in making its  
            unsupervised parole determinations.  

          "After a Public Records Request, CDCR provided information that  
            shows numerous felons convicted of crimes that any reasonable  
            person would consider serious, violent, or sexual were placed  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  9

            onto non-revocable parole (NRP) status without any parole  
            supervision.  

          "In response to the need for more review of the process of how  
            felons are placed onto unsupervised parole, AB 1678 creates  
            common-sense public safety protections be in place to protect  
            the public.  The bill closes loopholes in the 'serious' and  
            'violent' crime lists by adding a limited set of additional  
            violent and serious crimes not currently on that list.  It is  
            also imperative that local law enforcement have a voice on who  
            is released without parole supervision and AB 1678 creates  
            this process.  AB 1678 also increases transparency on CDCR by  
            making a public list of crimes committed by prisoners being  
            released without parole supervision. 

          "Of the nearly 2,000 convicted felons released without  
            supervision in the first five weeks of implementation, 96 were  
            in jail for possessing weapons or explosives and 120 served  
            time for stalking, domestic violence and child neglect,  
            abduction or cruelty.  A smaller number, including street gang  
            members, served time for more serious offenses, including  
            solicitation of murder, battery causing serious injury, and  
            involuntary manslaughter.  Unfortunately, current law allows  
            these dangerous criminals to be eligible for parole without  
            supervision.  AB 1678 closes these loopholes by expanding the  
            list of crimes for which convicted felons would be ineligible  
            for unsupervised parole." 
          
           2)Background  :   According to the background provided by the  
            author, "[t]he 2009-10 Budget and SBx3 18 resulted in three  
            fundamental changes to public safety. 

          "First, many criminals behind bars in either state prisons or  
            local jails will have their confinement cut in half.  For  
            every six months a criminal serves in confinement, that  
            criminal will receive six months of early release credit.  

          "Before the passage of SBx3 18, prisoners had to learn a trade,  
            get a GED, or get some sort of rehabilitation services in  
            order to receive day for day credit reductions.  Now these  
            rehabilitation options have been eliminated and replaced with  
            a 'breathing' credit and a much smaller six-week  
            rehabilitation credit.  These new changes do nothing to  
            incentivize prisoners to seek rehabilitation services and as a  
            result will cause higher recidivism rates.  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  10


          "Second, for state prisoners, CDCR will determine - based upon  
            the inmates' convicted crime and a risk assessment tool -  
            which prisoners will be released without parole supervision.  

          "SBx3 18 limited the option of unsupervised parole to those  
            offenders that were not convicted of violent, serious or  
            sexual crimes.  However, numerous violent or serious crimes  
            are not considered by CDCR to fall into their non-eligible  
            definition list.  For example, solicitation of murder [Penal  
            Code (PC) 653f], stalking (PC 646.9) and domestic violence (PC  
            273.5) are all considered non-violent, non-serious, and  
            non-sexual crimes.  Additionally, SBx3 18 limits unsupervised  
            parole to prison gang members, but fails to include any street  
            gang members. 

          "Parolees on NRP can commit any action without being sent back  
            to prison even if they commit new crimes which previously  
            constituted a parole violation.  This includes stay away  
            orders to victims of stalking and domestic violence.  Now,  
            prosecutors will have to bring new charges and earn a  
            conviction which is longer and costlier than a parole  
            revocation.  While the new law may lower the rate of which  
            parolees are returned revocation; in reality, since  
            ex-convicts have a 70% recidivism rate and will commit an  
            average of 13 crimes before they return to prison, crime rates  
            in California will rise.

          "Third, CDCR rehabilitation programs lost all their funding and  
            chose to issue 600 to 800 vocational and educational prison  
            instructors have been given pink slips.  

          "CDCR has claimed that their choice to reduce rehabilitation  
            programs is due to the 2008-09 budget cuts to the department.   
            This is incorrect.  The California State Auditor has reported  
            that while the inmate population has declined by 1% from  
            2006-2009, while the Department's spending increased by 32%.  

          "Time and time again, rehabilitation programs have been shown to  
            reduce recidivism rates for inmates who participate.  In  
            particular, the certification programs has only a 12%  
            recidivism during the fiscal year 2007-2008 compared to 42% of  
            the general prison population paroled during that time.  Even  
            while the State is suffering through difficult budgetary  
            times', recidivism rates are not reduced by gutting  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  11

            rehabilitation programs and laying off 600 to 800 vocational  
            education teachers.

          "AB 1678 will close the loophole created by SBx3 18 that allows  
            unsupervised parole to offenders who committed crimes that  
            actually are serious and violent.  This bill will help provide  
            local law enforcement with the tools they need to keep  
            California safe." 

           3)SBx3 18  :  In response to severe prison overcrowding and  
            increased costs, California Penal Code Section 3000.03 created  
                                                                         a new subset of paroled inmates, Non-Revocable Parole (NRP),  
            (non-serious, nonviolent, non-sex offender) who, upon release,  
            would be on "summary parole" without supervision.  Starting  
            January 25, 2010, CDCR began releasing inmates under this  
            provision into California communities. 

          SBx3 18 (Ducheny), Chapter 28, Statutes of 2009, created a new  
            category of low-level parolees, "NRPs", not subject to direct  
            supervision.  There are a number of pre-requisites that apply  
            prior to an inmate qualifying for non-revocable parole.  These  
            include: 

             a)   The person is not required to register as a sex  
               offender, as specified;

             b)   The person was not committed to prison for a serious  
               felony or a violent felony (strikes), and does not have a  
               prior conviction for a serious felony or a violent felony  
               (strikes);

             c)   The person was not committed to prison for a sexually  
               violent offense as defined and does not have a prior  
               conviction for a sexually violent offense, as defined;

             d)   The person was not found guilty of a serious  
               disciplinary offense, as defined in CDCR regulation, during  
               his or her current term of imprisonment;

             e)   The person is not a validated prison gang member or  
               associate, as defined in CDCR regulation;

             f)   The person did not refuse to sign any written  
               notification of parole requirements or conditions,  
               including, but not limited to, the written notification of  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  12

               requirements as specified; and,

             g)   The person was evaluated by CDCR using a validated risk  
               assessment tool and was not determined to pose a high risk  
               to re-offend.

           4)Objections from Local Law Enforcement  :  This bill prevents  
            CDCR from granting non-revocable parole if there is an  
            objection lodged by local law enforcement.  This bill imposes  
            a duty upon CDCR to notify local law enforcement of a decision  
            to place an individual on non-revocable parole within 48 hours  
            of the decision.  Local law enforcement then has 10 business  
            days to lodge a written objection with CDCR to the release of  
            the non-revocable parolee.  Upon receipt of a written  
            objection, the Secretary of CDCR shall review the objection  
            and either concur or not concur with the objection.  If the  
            Secretary concurs with local law enforcement's objection,  
            non-revocable parole is denied.  If the Secretary does not  
            concur with the objection, local law enforcement may appeal  
            the matter to the BPH.  The BPH must then hold a public, en  
            banc hearing to determine whether the parolee is entitled to  
            non-revocable parole.  Only upon a two-thirds' vote by the BPH  
            may the parolee be granted non-revocable parole.  

          In effect, this bill permits local law enforcement from  
            permitting non-revocable parolees into their jurisdiction  
            absent a full public hearing by the BPH wherein two-thirds of  
            the commissioners voting must agree to the release of the  
            parolee on non-revocable parole.  However, if the Secretary of  
            CDCR agrees with local law enforcement, non-revocable parole  
            would be denied and there would be no need for a hearing  
            before the BPH.   
           
           5)Publication of Parolee Data on CDCR's Web Site  :  This bill  
            requires that CDCR publish the following information on its  
            public Web site:

             a)   The total number of persons paroled on non-revocable  
               parole';

             b)   The crimes for which the parolees have been convicted;

             c)   A list of each relevant crime and the corresponding  
               number of persons who have been released who have been  
               convicted of that crime; and,








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  13


             d)   The tally of persons convicted of a crime shall include  
               prior convictions and convictions for which the persons are  
               on parole.

           6)Parole  :  The status of parole is granted to any prisoner  
            released from a California prison after serving his or her  
            sentence.  (Penal Code Section 3000.)  Although no longer in  
            physical custody, a parolee is required to comply with  
            specified restrictions to his or her freedom.  [People v.  
            Burgener (1986) 41 Cal 3d 505, 531.]  A prisoner on parole can  
            be either a determinately sentenced prisoner or an  
            indeterminately sentenced prisoner serving a sentence of life  
            with the possibility of parole.  

          The purpose of parole is to provide a transition period for  
            formerly incarcerated persons so that they may reintegrate  
            into the community.  In general, parole involved supervision  
            and surveillance.  The goals of parole include public safety,  
            reintegration of the parolee back into society, and making  
            parole decisions that are fiscally responsible on behalf of  
            California.  [Penal Code Section 3000(a).]  Parole is meant to  
            be reformatory in purpose; the object is to mitigate the rigor  
            of the prison system and to allow the prisoner to reenter  
            society by replacing continued incarceration with a  
            conditional freedom controlled by parole conditions.  [Penal  
            Code Section 3056; People v. Denne (1956) 141 Cal App 2d 499,  
            507.]  Parole provides a testing period for the reintegration  
            of a prisoner into society.  [In re Carabes (1983) 144 Cal App  
            3d 927, 931.]   
           
           7)Argument in Support  :  According to the  Riverside Sheriffs'  
            Association  , "AB 1678 is a modest step in addressing some of  
            the unintended public safety consequences arising from passage  
            of last session's SB 18 3X.  AB 1678 will help ensure a closer  
            working relationship with CDCR and local law enforcement and  
            enhance public safety.  Most importantly, it helps reduce some  
            of the unintended public safety risks arising from passage of  
            last year's legislation with minimal fiscal impact."

           8)Argument in Opposition  :  According to the  Prison Law Office  ,  
            "[w]e write on behalf of the Prison Law Office, a nonprofit  
            public interest law firm that, for over 30 years, has been in  
            the forefront of legal efforts to enforce the constitutional  
            rights of prisoners.  Our staff attorneys represent individual  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  14

            prisoners, engage in impact litigation, educate the public  
            about prison conditions, and provide technical assistance to  
            attorneys throughout the country. 

          "In August 2009, a federal three-judge court found in two of our  
            cases, Plata v. Schwarzenegger and Coleman v. Schwarzenegger,  
            that overcrowding is the primary cause of the unconstitutional  
            conditions in California's prisons, such as the system's  
            inability to provide competent and timely health care for  
            prisoners.  The judges also found compelling evidence that  
            reducing the prison population is the only way to address the  
            problems.

          "While the State continues to spend taxpayer money appealing  
            clear orders from the court to reduce prison populations to a  
            level that enables prison conditions to come into compliance  
            with the constitution, California's prisons remain dangerously  
            overcrowded at 195% of design capacity with over 160,000  
            prisoners crammed into 33 institutions, plus another 10,000  
            prisoners housed out-of-state and in community facilities.   
            Basic necessities of life, such as medical and mental health  
            care, are often lacking.  Prisoners with disabilities are not  
            recognized as disabled, and many are not provided reasonable  
            accommodations as required by the Americans with Disabilities  
            Act.  

          "AB 1678 further burdens an already beleaguered CDCR with  
            increased costs and bureaucratic hurdles with no gains in  
            public safety.  It creates the illusion of increasing public  
            safety by adding additional criteria that automatically bar  
            parolees from qualifying for non-revocable parole, even though  
            high-risk parolees are already barred under current law.  The  
            result is that AB 1678 acts in direct opposition to the intent  
            of the changes to the Penal Code that took effect on January,  
            25 2010, to reduce prison overcrowding by preventing low-risk  
            parolees from being reincarcerated for minor parole  
            violations.

          "Existing law sufficiently protects public safety.  The existing  
            law that AB 1678 seeks to amend relies on a validated risk  
            assessment to determine a parolee's risk of reoffending.  This  
            assessment takes into consideration all of a parolee's  
            previous felony convictions with additional weight placed on  
            convictions for particular felony and misdemeanor offenses,  
            including those involving domestic violence.  The current law  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  15

            also includes automatic ineligibility for non-revocable parole  
            if a parolee has committed any violent or serious felony, is  
            required to register as a sex offender, has been found guilty  
            of a serious disciplinary offense while in prison, or is a  
            validated member of a prison gang.  The existing law already  
            appropriately limits non-revocable parole through the use of  
            the validated risk assessment instrument and automatically  
            excludes all parolees in these additional categories based on  
            offense.  There is no need to further restrict eligibility to  
            improve public safety.

          "AB 1678 is overbroad.  By increasing the types of convictions  
            that automatically make a parolee ineligible for non-revocable  
            parole, AB 1678 prevents low-risk parolees from qualifying,  
            costing the state money without improving public safety.  As  
            stated above, the validated risk assessment that is currently  
            used already ensures that non-revocable parole is not granted  
            to high-risk parolees by taking into consideration all past  
            felony convictions and specific misdemeanor convictions.  In  
            addition, current law already excludes any parolee who has  
            committed any violent or serious felony, is required to  
            register as a sex offender, has been found guilty of a serious  
            disciplinary offense while in prison, or is a validated member  
            of a prison gang from non-revocable parole. 

          "Furthermore, AB 1678 seeks to prevent parolees from qualifying  
            for non-revocable parole based on prior convictions that could  
            be from decades ago.  The addition of felonies does not  
            prevent any additional high-risk parolees from qualifying  
            since all previous felonies are already taken into account  
            based on the current risk assessment and many carry additional  
            weight.  The same is true for misdemeanors that are already  
            accounted for on the existing risk assessment.  The only  
            effect of adding exclusions like these is that parolees that  
            have been deemed low-risk using a validated risk assessment  
            will have to be on supervised parole, burdening an already  
            struggling system with costs that have no positive effect on  
            public safety and increasing the chance that low-risk parolees  
            will be returned to an already overcrowded prison for minor  
            violations, a result exactly counter to the intent of the  
            current law.  

          "AB 1678 is overbroad.  By automatically disqualifying parolees  
            who have to register pursuant to the STEP Act, are listed in  
            the CalGang System, or who have self-identified as gang  








                                                                 AB 1678
                                                                  Page  16

            members to CDCR staff from non-revocable parole, AB 1678  
            prevents low-risk parolees from qualifying, costing the State  
            money without improving public safety.  Similar to the impact  
            of increasing the types of convictions that automatically make  
            a parolee ineligible for non-revocable parole, these  
            additional disqualifications do not increase the number of  
            high-risk parolees that will be ineligible for non-revocable  
            parole since they will already be disqualified based on the  
            risk assessment that takes these factors into account or  
            because they are affiliated with a gang in prison.  The only  
            impact of this additional disqualification is to require  
            low-risk parolees who have at some point in their  
            pre-incarceration past been affiliated with a street gang,  
            regardless of the level of involvement or current affiliation,  
            to be on supervised parole.  Furthermore, listing in the  
            CalGang System is often the result of subjective decisions  
            made by police officers and can not be challenged by those  
            listed in it.  This raises due process concerns as people will  
            be denied non-revocable parole based on this list if AB 1678  
            is passed.  These new provisions will cost the State money and  
            increase the chance that low-risk parolees will return to  
            prison for minor parole violations, in direct opposition to  
            the intent of current law.

          "AB 1678 burdens CDCR by increasing bureaucratic requirements  
            that cost money and lead to inconsistency between  
            jurisdictions, but do not improve public safety.  AB 1678  
            requires CDCR to notify a local law enforcement agency within  
            48 hours of determining that a prisoner is eligible to be  
            released on non-revocable parole and to provide ten business  
            days for the agency to object.  If the local law enforcement  
            agency objects for any reason, regardless of whether it is to  
            increase public safety, then the Secretary of CDCR has to  
            review the case.  If the Secretary disagrees, the BPH has to  
            hold a public hearing where victims can testify to determine  
            whether to grant non-revocable parole.  This adds multiple  
            layers of bureaucratic requirements that will result in high  
            costs and fewer low-risk parolees qualifying for non-revocable  
            parole, with no positive effect on public safety.   
            Furthermore, allowing local law enforcement to second guess  
            parole decisions made by CDCR allows local politics to  
            increase costs by preventing low-risk parolees from being  
            released on non-revocable parole based on a community's  
            political climate.  These parolees will then require  
            supervised parole, costing the State money and resources  








                                                                  AB 1678
                                                                  Page  17

            without improving public safety.

          "While AB 1678 is presented as a way to prevent high-risk  
            parolees from being released on non-revocable parole, current  
            law already does this.  In actuality, AB 1678 further burdens  
            an already beleaguered CDCR with increased costs and  
            bureaucratic hurdles with no gains in public safety.  It  
            creates the illusion of increasing public safety by adding  
            additional criteria that automatically bar parolees from  
            qualifying for non-revocable parole, even though high-risk  
            parolees are already barred under current law.  

          "It is clear that the effect of AB 1678 is to prevent low-risk  
            offenders from qualifying for non-revocable parole, further  
            burdening the State of California by requiring supervision of  
            low-risk parolees, with costs associated with parole  
            violations by low-risk parolees, and by increasing hurdles to  
            reducing California's prison population to comply with  
            multiple orders from the federal court.  I urge you to reject  
            this approach. Please vote against AB 1678." 

           9)Related Legislation  :  AB 2673 (Nielsen) prevents parolees from  
            being released on non-revocable parole if they have been  
            identified as gang members, as specified.  AB 2673 will be  
            heard by this Committee today.  
           
          REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs 
          Crime Victims United of California
          Riverside Sheriffs' Association 

           Opposition 
           
          California Public Defenders Association
          Legal Services for Prisoners with Children
          Prison Law Office
          Taxpayers for Improving Public Safety

           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Gabriel Caswell / PUB. S. / (916)  
          319-3744