BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 1893
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          Date of Hearing:   April 21, 2010

                           ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                                Julia Brownley, Chair
                    AB 1893 (Hayashi) - As Amended:  March 2, 2010
           
          SUBJECT  :   High school spirit activities.

           SUMMARY  :  Requires, beginning July 1, 2011, all high school  
          spirit activities (HSSA) coaches to have a valid certification  
          in CPR and first aid and, establishes several requirements for  
          HSSA coaches and pupils including, but not limited to requiring  
          pupils participating in HSSA to have an annual medical  
          examination and receive proper training, and requiring HSSA  
          coaches to develop an emergency plan, as specified.   
          Specifically,  this bill  :  

          1)Defines HSSA to mean activities associated with leading or  
            directing the cheering of pupil and adult fans in support of  
            the interscholastic athletics and activities programs of a  
            public or accredited nonpublic school, including, but not  
            limited to games; practices; competitions; interscholastic  
            events; performances; training; and, clinics.

          2)Defines HSSA coach to mean an employee or a volunteer who is  
            authorized by a high school to be responsible for leading a  
            school cheer team of pupil athletes.

          3)Requires, beginning July 1, 2011, all HSSA coaches to have a  
            valid certification in CPR and first aid, including a basic  
            understanding of the signs, symptoms, and appropriate  
            emergency action steps regarding potentially catastrophic  
            injuries, including but not limited to, head and neck  
            injuries, concussions, second impact syndrome, asthma attacks,  
            heatstroke, and cardiac arrest; and, requires HSSA coaches to  
            be responsible for all costs of obtaining the safety  
            certification.

          4)Requires pupils participating in HSSA to:
             a)   Have an annual medical examination and medical approval  
               to participate in spirit activities prior to participating  
               in spirit activities; 
             b)   Receive proper training prior to attempting any  
               gymnastic or partner-type stunts; and,
             c)   Obtain consent from his or her parents to participate in  








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               spirit activities.

          5)Prohibits pupils participating in HSSA from attempting stunts  
            that he or she is not capable of completing.

          6)Requires HSSA coaches to:
             a)   Attend and supervise the HSSA, and 
             b)   Have all participants emergency care cards in his or her  
               possession at all times.

          7)Requires HSSA coaches to develop an emergency plan for dealing  
            with injuries likely to occur during spirit activities;  
            requires the plan to be in writing and available to staff and  
            participants; and, requires the emergency plan to include, but  
            not be limited to, provisions for CPR, first aid, and  
            obtaining immediate medical assistance and transportation.

          8)Requires a first aid kit and quick access to ice to be  
            available, and emergency procedures to be followed if it is  
            not possible to have a physician and surgeon or athletic  
            trainer at a HSSA.

          9)Requires HSSA participants who experience or show signs of  
            trauma or other injury to receive immediate medical attention  
            and obtain a release from the treating provider before  
            resuming spirit activities.

          10)Requires a school to keep a copy of the safety certification  
            of each HSSA coach, and shall not authorize a person to coach  
            a HSSA until he or she has completed the safety certification.

           EXISTING LAW  : 

          1)Establishes the California High School Coaching Education and  
            Training Program and Legislative intent that the program  
            emphasize the following components:
             a)   Development of coaching philosophies consistent with the  
               goals of the school, school district, and school district  
               governing board.
             b)   Sport psychology. 
             c)   Sport pedagogy.
             d)   Sport physiology including principles of training and  
               the harmful effects associated with the use of steroids.
             e)   Sport management.
             f)   Training certification in CPR and first aid.








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             g)   Knowledge of and adherence to statewide rules and  
               regulations, as well as school regulations including, but  
               not necessarily limited to, eligibility, gender equity, and  
               discrimination.
             h)   Sound planning and goal setting.  (Education Code  
               35179.1)

          2)Requires each high school sports coach to complete a coaching  
            education program developed by his or her school district or  
            the California Interscholastic Federation that meets the  
            guidelines set forth in Section 35179.1 by December 31, 2008.   
            (Education Code 49032)

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown

           COMMENTS  :   This bill requires HSSA coaches to take CPR and  
          first aid training that is nearly identical to that which is  
          proposed for sports coaches (for interscholastic activities as  
          defined in Education Code 49032) in AB 1646 (Hayashi) and also  
          establishes several requirements for HSSA coaches and  
          participating pupils.  The bill establishes different  
          requirements for HSSA coaches and pupils than existing  
          requirements for coaches and pupils in interscholastic  
          activities.  Some of the requirements for HSSA coaches and  
          pupils established by this bill are more prescriptive than  
          existing requirements for interscholastic activities, while  
          other requirements are less prescriptive.  These differences  
          appear to create a double standard.  The committee should  
          consider whether it is appropriate to establish different  
          statutory safety-related requirements for different types of  
          after school activities that have risk of injury.

          For example, this bill requires HSSA coaches to complete CPR and  
          first aid training, but does not require them to complete  
          general coaching training that sports coaches must complete.   
          This bill also requires HSSA coaches to be present during  
          activities and to have participant emergency cards with them  
          during the activities, both of which are not statutory  
          requirements of sports coaches, although it is common practice.   
          In addition, this bill requires participants to have an annual  
          medical screening and obtain parental consent to participate,  
          which are also not statutory requirements for participants in  
          interscholastic activities, although it is common practice.   
          While these activities are common practice and, are currently  
          included in the coaches training required pursuant to section  








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          49032, adding these requirements to statute will create new  
          reimbursable mandates for school districts.

          Current law requires each high school sports coach to complete a  
          comprehensive coaching education program that includes safety  
          training.  However, HSSAs are not a sanctioned sport by the  
          California Interscholastic Federation (CIF), the governing body  
          of high school sports.  Therefore, the decision whether to treat  
          a HSSA coach the same as a sports coach, and thus require the  
          same training and preparation, is determined on a school by  
          school basis.  For this reason, many HSSA coaches are not  
          required to have any training.  

          The National Collegiate Athletic Association has required  
          college cheerleading coaches to have safety certification since  
          2006, and 12 states have adopted a standardized coaching safety  
          program for high school cheerleading coaches.

          According to the author, the Consumer Product Safety Commission  
          reported an estimated 4,954 cheerleading-related hospital  
          emergency room visits in 1980.  By 2007, that number increased  
          to 26,786.  Additionally, 15.1% of those injuries were to the  
          head and neck, causing 783 concussions, 308 contusions, 69  
          lacerations, and 1,122 internal injuries.
          
          California High School Coaching Education and Training Program  
          (CETP)  :  This bill would require HSSA coaches to complete the  
          same CPR and first aid training outlined in the CETP, but does  
          not require HSSA coaches to complete the sport psychology,  
          pedagogy, physiology and management sections of the CETP.  The  
          committee should consider whether HSSA coaches should receive  
          the same training as sports coaches.

          Currently CIF offers training programs to high school coaches  
          who receive a certificate upon course completion (typically an  
          eight hour class).  To date more than 60,000 coaches have taken  
          the training, which costs approximately $60 per person.  Some  
          school districts pay for the program while others require the  
          coach to pay for it.  The completed certificate is transferable  
          between school districts. 

          The CIF coaches training program includes instruction on many,  
          if not all, of the new requirements established by this bill.   
          The CIF training includes, but is not limited to, instruction on  
          the need for: pupils to obtain an annual medical examination,  








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          pupils to obtain parental informed consent prior to  
          participation, coaches to attend and supervise the activity,  
          coaches to carry the participants' emergency information with  
          them during the activity, and coaches to develop an emergency  
          plan.  CIF is also in the process of adding a new piece to their  
          training program to require pupils to obtain a release from a  
          health care provider in order to return to play, after a pupil  
          is suspected of sustaining a concussion or head injury.  By  
          requiring HSSA coaches to complete the CETP training, many of  
          the new statutory requirements established by this bill could be  
          addressed.

          The American Red Cross offers CPR and first aid training at  
          various technical levels.  On a local basis, the Red Cross  
          offers these courses to the public and the cost ranges from $55  
          to $60 for a CPR and first aid training class (approximately a  
          10 hour class) in the Sacramento area.  The courses offered and  
          associated costs may vary by geographic region.

           Other Activities  : This bill expands the coaching training for  
          HSSA coaches, but what activities besides cheerleading would be  
          included?  The committee should consider whether it is  
          appropriate to expand the coaches training for HSSA coaches  
          without also expanding training for coaches of other after  
          school activities that have risk of injury, such as dance team  
          and drill team, among others.

           Technical Issues  :  This bill includes a few technical issues the  
          committee should consider.  First, this bill requires a school  
          to keep the coach's certification records.  The committee should  
          consider whether it is appropriate for an individual school to  
          keep this certification or whether the school district is a more  
          appropriate place for this certification record to be stored.   
          Second, this bill requires "accredited nonpublic schools" to  
          abide by these requirements.  Since the existing sport coach  
          training requirements are only required for public schools, the  
          committee should consider whether it is appropriate to require  
          private schools to comply with the requirements in this measure.  
           Third, the bill requires HSSA coaches to complete a CPR/first  
          aid course that is similar, but not identical to the CPR/first  
          aid training course required for sport coaches.  The HSSA coach  
          training does not specify what type of certification is  
          acceptable, such as one provided by the American Red Cross of  
          the American Heart Association, or an equivalent organization.   
          The HSSA coach training also does not include emergency action  








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          planning and communicating effectively with 911 emergency  
          services as one component of the training, like the training for  
          sport coaches.  The committee should consider whether the  
          CPR/first aid course for HSSA coaches should be identical to the  
          CPR/first aid course for sport coaches.

           Committee Amendments  :  Staff recommends the bill be amended to  
          make the training requirements for HSSA coaches the same as  
          sports coaches and contained in the same code section.  This  
          could be accomplished by expanding the definition of high school  
          sports coach in Education Code section 49032 to include HSSA  
          coaches.  Alternatively, the bill could be amended to required  
          HSSA coaches to receive the same training as sports coaches, but  
          deliniate these requirements in a separate code section.  In  
          addition many, if not all, of the new requirements placed on  
          HSSA coaches and participants in this bill are already addressed  
          in the coaches training required in section 49032.  Therefore,  
          staff also recommends sections 49011 through 49016 be deleted  
          from the bill to elimiate the additional new mandates on school  
          districts.

           Related legislation  : AB 1646 (Hayashi) from 2010, pending in the  
          Assembly Appropriations Committee, would add new requirements to  
          the California High School Coaching Education and Training  
          Program for training on recognizing and managing the signs and  
          symptoms of potentially catastrophic injuries; emergency action  
          planning; communicating effectively with 911 emergency services;  
          and, requires high school sports coaches to complete a coaching  
          education program by December 31, 2011.  

           Previous legislation  : AB 533 (Hayashi) from 2009, would have  
          added new requirements to the California High School Coaching  
          Education and Training Program for training on recognizing and  
          managing the signs and symptoms of potentially catastrophic  
          injuries; emergency action planning; communicating effectively  
          with 911 emergency services; and, required high school sports  
          coaches to complete a coaching education program by December 31,  
          2010.  The bill was held on the Assembly Appropriations Suspense  
          File.

          AB 2741 (Miller) Chapter 744, Statutes of 1998, established the  
          1998 California High School Coaching and Education Program to be  
          administered by school districts and to emphasize, among other  
          things, sport psychology, sport pedagogy, sport physiology, CPR,  
          and first aid.  








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           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   
           
          Support 
           
          California State PTA
          Consumer Attorneys of California

           Opposition 
           
          None on file.
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Chelsea Kelley / ED. / (916) 319-2087