BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                             Senator Mark Leno, Chair                A
                             2009-2010 Regular Session               B

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          AB 1928 (Torlakson)                                        8
          As Amended April 7, 2010 
          Hearing date:  June 22, 2010
          Vehicle Code
          MK:mc

                         VEHICLES: COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE

                              SUSPENSION OR REVOCATION  


                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Governor's Office of Planning and Research 

          Prior Legislation: AB 1165 (Maze) - Chapter 749, Stats. of 2007
                       AB 2520 (Assembly Transportation Committee) -  
          Chapter 574, Stats. 2006

          Support: Los Angeles District Attorneys Association; California  
                   District Attorneys Association; Riverside Sheriffs'  
                   Association; Association for Los Angeles Deputy  
                   Sheriffs; California State Sheriffs' Association;  
                   Mothers Against Drunk Driving California State  
                   Organization

          Opposition:Taxpayers for Improving Public Safety

          Assembly Floor Vote:  Ayes 74 - Noes 0


                                      KEY ISSUES
           




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                                                        AB 1928 (Torlakson)
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          SHOULD THE LAW CLARIFY THAT THE DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES  
          (DMV) SHALL ADMINISTRATIVELY REVIEW AND SUSTAIN THE SUSPENSION  
          OF A DRIVER'S LICENSE FOR A PERSON WHO REFUSES TO BE TESTED FOR  
          ALCOHOL AND IS SUSPECTED OF DRIVING WITH A BLOOD-ALCOHOL  
          CONCENTRATION OF 0.01% WHILE ON PROBATION FOR A PREVIOUS DUI?

                                                                (CONTINUED)



          SHOULD THE LAW CLARIFY THAT DMV SHALL ADMINISTRATIVELY REVIEW AND  
          SUSTAIN THE SUSPENSION OF A DRIVER'S LICENSE  FOR A  PERSON FOUND TO  
          HAVE BEEN DRIVING A VEHICLE THAT REQUIRES A COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S  
          LICENSE WITH A 0.04% OR MORE BY WEIGHT OF ALCOHOL IN HIS OR HER  
          BLOOD?

          SHOULD THE LAW CLARIFY THAT DMV SHALL ADMINISTRATIVELY REVIEW AND  
          SUSTAIN THE SUSPENSION OF A DRIVER'S LICENSE FOR A PERSON FOUND TO  
          HAVE BEEN DRIVING A VEHICLE WITH A BLOOD-ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION OF  
          0.01% OR MORE WHILE THE PERSON WAS ON PROBATION FOR A DUI?


                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to clarify that the Department of  
          Motor Vehicles (DMV) shall administratively review and uphold  
          license suspensions when a person has been found to have been  
          driving with a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.01% or more  
          while on probation for a DUI, or driving a commercial vehicle  
          with a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.04 percent or more.
          
           Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for any person who has  
          a 0.08 percent or more, by weight of alcohol in his or her blood  
          to drive a vehicle.  (Vehicle Code  23152 (b).)

           Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for any person who has  
          0.04 percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood  
          to drive a commercial vehicle.  (Vehicle Code  23152 (d).)

           Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for any person while  




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                                                        AB 1928 (Torlakson)
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          having 0.08 percent or more, by weight of alcohol in his or her  
          blood to drive a vehicle and concurrently do any act forbidden  
          by law, or neglect any duty imposed by law in driving the  
          vehicle, which act or neglect proximately causes bodily injury  
          to any person other than the driver.  (Vehicle Code  23153.)

          Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for any person under  
          21 years of age to drive with a blood-alcohol concentration of  
          0.01 percent or greater on a preliminary alcohol screening  
          device.  (Vehicle Code  23136.)

           Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for person under the  
          age of 21 years who has 0.05 percent or more, by weight, of  
          alcohol in his or her blood to drive a vehicle.  (Vehicle Code   
          23140.)

           Existing law  provides that it is unlawful for a person who is on  
          probation for driving under the influence (DUI) with a  
          blood-alcohol concentration level of 0.01 percent or more as  
          measured by a preliminary alcohol screening device or other  
          chemical test.  (Vehicle Code  23154.)

           Existing law  provides that a person may not operate a commercial  
          motor vehicle unless that person has in his or her immediate  
          possession a valid commercial driver's license of the  
          appropriate class.  (Vehicle Code  15250 (a).)

           Existing law  provides that the DMV shall immediately suspend or  
          revoke the privilege of a person to operate a motor vehicle upon  
          the receipt of an abstract of record of a court showing that a  
          person has been convicted of Vehicle Code section 23152.   
          (Vehicle Code  13352.)

           Existing law  provides for the license suspension of a person who  
          refuses to take a chemical test or submit to a preliminary  
          alcohol screening device when suspected of DUI.  (Vehicle Code  
           13353 and 13353.1.)

           Existing law  provides that DMV shall administratively review the  
          cases of people whose license was suspended because of a refusal  




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          and shall sustain the suspension or revocation if all of the  
          following are true:

                 The peace officer had reasonable cause to believe the  
               person had been driving a motor vehicle in violation of  
               Vehicle Code sections 23136, 23140, 23152 or 23153.
                 The person was placed under arrest or lawfully detained.
                 The person refused to comply with the chemical test or  
               tests being requested by the peace officer.
                 The person was told that his or her driving privilege  
               would be suspended or revoked if he or she refused the  
               tests.  (Vehicle Code  13557(b)(1).)

           This bill  provides that the suspension or revocation shall also  
          be sustained if a peace officer had reasonable cause to believe  
          that the person was driving a motor vehicle in violation of  
          Vehicle Code section 23154.

           Existing law  provides that DMV shall administratively review the  
          cases of people whose license was suspended under Vehicle Code  
          section 13352 for driving under the influence and shall sustain  
          the suspension or revocation if all of the following are true:

                 The peace officer had reasonable cause to believe the  
               person had been driving a motor vehicle in violation of  
               Vehicle Code sections 23136, 23140, 23152 or 23153.
                 The person was placed under arrest or lawfully detained.
                 That the person was driving a motor vehicle under any of  
               the following circumstances:

                  o         When the person had a blood-alcohol  
                    concentration of 0.08 percent or more.
                  o         When the person was under 21 years of age and  
                    had a 0.05 percent or more, by weight of alcohol in  
                    his or her blood.
                  o         When the person was under 21 years of age and  
                    had a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.02 percent or  
                    greater, as measured by a preliminary alcohol  
                    screening test, or other chemical test.  (Vehicle Code  
                     13557(b)(2).)




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                                                        AB 1928 (Torlakson)
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           This bill  provides that the suspension or revocation shall also  
          be sustained if a peace officer had reasonable cause to believe  
          that the person was driving a motor vehicle in violation of  
          Vehicle Code section 23154.

           This bill  provides that suspension or revocation shall also be  
          sustained if the person was driving a motor vehicle under the  
          following circumstances:

                 When the person was driving a vehicle that requires a  
               commercial driver's license and the person had a 0.04  
               percent or more, by weight, of alcohol in his or her blood.
                 When the person was on probation for a DUI violation and  
               had a blood-alcohol concentration of 0.01 percent or  
               greater as measured by a preliminary alcohol screening test  
               or other chemical test.
                                          

              RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION IMPLICATIONS
          
          The severe prison overcrowding problem California has  
          experienced for the last several years has not been solved.  In  
          December of 2006 plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation sought a  
          court-ordered limit on the prison population pursuant to the  
          federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On January 12, 2010, a  
          federal three-judge panel issued an order requiring the state to  
          reduce its inmate population to 137.5 percent of design capacity  
          -- a reduction of roughly 40,000 inmates -- within two years.   
          In a prior, related 184-page Opinion and Order dated August 4,  
          2009, that court stated in part:

               "California's correctional system is in a tailspin,"  
               the state's independent oversight agency has reported.  
               . . .  (Jan. 2007 Little Hoover Commission Report,  
               "Solving California's Corrections Crisis: Time Is  
               Running Out").  Tough-on-crime politics have increased  
               the population of California's prisons dramatically  
               while making necessary reforms impossible. . . .  As a  




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                                                        AB 1928 (Torlakson)
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               result, the state's prisons have become places "of  
               extreme peril to the safety of persons" they house, .  
               . .  (Governor Schwarzenegger's Oct. 4, 2006 Prison  
               Overcrowding State of Emergency Declaration), while  
               contributing little to the safety of California's  
               residents, . . . .   California "spends more on  
               corrections than most countries in the world," but the  
               state "reaps fewer public safety benefits." . . .  .   
               Although California's existing prison system serves  
               neither the public nor the inmates well, the state has  
               for years been unable or unwilling to implement the  
               reforms necessary to reverse its continuing  
               deterioration.  (Some citations omitted.)

               . . .

               The massive 750% increase in the California prison  
               population since the mid-1970s is the result of  
               political decisions made over three decades, including  
               the shift to inflexible determinate sentencing and the  
               passage of harsh mandatory minimum and three-strikes  
               laws, as well as the state's counterproductive parole  
               system.  Unfortunately, as California's prison  
               population has grown, California's political  
               decision-makers have failed to provide the resources  
               and facilities required to meet the additional need  
               for space and for other necessities of prison  
               existence.  Likewise, although state-appointed experts  
               have repeatedly provided numerous methods by which the  
               state could safely reduce its prison population, their  
               recommendations have been ignored, underfunded, or  
               postponed indefinitely.  The convergence of  
               tough-on-crime policies and an unwillingness to expend  
               the necessary funds to support the population growth  
               has brought California's prisons to the breaking  
               point.  The state of emergency declared by Governor  
               Schwarzenegger almost three years ago continues to  
               this day, California's prisons remain severely  
               overcrowded, and inmates in the California prison  
               system continue to languish without constitutionally  




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               adequate medical and mental health care.<1>




































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          <1>   Three Judge Court Opinion and Order, Coleman v.  
          Schwarzenegger, Plata v. Schwarzenegger, in the United States  
          District Courts for the Eastern District of California and the  
          Northern District of California United States District Court  
          composed of three judges pursuant to Section 2284, Title 28  
          United States Code (August 4, 2009).










          The court stayed implementation of its January 12, 2010, ruling  
          pending the state's appeal of the decision to the U.S. Supreme  
          Court.  On Monday, June 14, 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed  
          to hear the state's appeal in this case.   

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding  
          crisis described above.


                                      COMMENTS

          1.   Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

              This bill seeks to close loopholes that previous bills  
              in the identified areas related to DUI offenses created.  
               It simply clarifies the Vehicle Code language in  
              Section 13557 to make the code clear and consistent  
              throughout.  It does not change the intent of current  
              law-simply clarifies it with technical clean-up  
              language.



          2.   Suspension of Driver's Licenses  

          This bill clarifies that DMV shall uphold a suspension of a  
          driver's license when a person is found to be driving either  
          with a blood-alcohol content (BAC) 0.04 percent while driving a  
          commercial vehicle or driving with a BAC of 0.01 percent or more  
          while on probation for DUI.  Other sections in the Code make it  
          clear that a person's driver's license is to be suspended under  
          these circumstances, but the provision dealing with DMV's  
          administrative hearings do not specifically reference them  
          because of drafting errors.  The issue regarding the discrepancy  
          for a person driving a commercial vehicle was addressed by an  
          appellate court in Rehman v. DMV:





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                                                        AB 1928 (Torlakson)
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              Considering the administrative suspension process is  
              intended to provide the public with added protection  
              because the criminal process takes too long to resolve  
              guilt (see Lake v. Reed (1997) 16 Cal.4th 448, 454-455  
              [65 Cal. Rptr. 2d 860, 940 P.2d 311]), it is  
              inconceivable the Legislature would enact a statute  
              allowing the criminal conviction of a commercial driver  
              with proof of a blood-alcohol content of only 0.04  
              percent or more ( 23152, subd. (d)), and the suspension  
              of a commercial license upon a determination of this  
              fact ( 13352, subd. (a)), but not intend for an  
              administrative suspension to go into effect absent proof  
              of the higher blood-alcohol content that is generally  
              applicable to ordinary drivers.  To avoid this absurd  
              result and give effect to the manifest purpose of the  
              statutes, we construe subdivision (b)(2)(C)(i) of  
              section 13557 as including a provision that allows the  
              department to sustain an order of suspension imposed  
              under subdivision (a)(3) of section 13353.2 on a person  
              for driving a vehicle that requires a commercial  
              driver's license with a blood-alcohol content of 0.04  
              percent or more where there is proof by a preponderance  
              of the evidence that the person's blood-alcohol content  
              was 0.04 percent or more.  (Rehman v. Department of  
              Motor Vehicles, 178 Cal. App. 4th 581, 858 (Cal. App. 3d  
              Dist. 2009).)


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