BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 2161
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:   April 7, 2010

                           ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                                Julia Brownley, Chair
                  AB 2161 (Fong) - As Introduced:  February 18, 2010
           
          SUBJECT  :   School districts: contracts: formal bids: school  
          facilities: notices

           SUMMARY  :   Requires a school district letting a school  
          construction contract to post a notice calling for contract bids  
          on the district's Internet Web site or through an electronic  
          portal.  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Requires the governing board of a school district letting a  
            contract for the construction of school facilities to post a  
            notice calling for contract bids on the district's Internet  
            Web site or through an electronic portal, and requires such  
            notice to state the work to be done or materials or supplies  
            to be furnished, as well as the time, place, and Internet Web  
            site where information will be posted at the bid opening.

          2)Requires a school district that does not possess or maintain  
            its own Web site to post such notices on another Web site or  
            electronic portal; also requires the district to provide  
            notice of that Web site at least once a week for two weeks,  
            following the district's choice of a Web site or portal, in a  
            newspaper of general circulation in the district, or if there  
            is no such newspaper, then in some newspaper of general  
            circulation in the county.

          3)Authorizes a district to also provide a notice calling for  
            contract bids through any other means, including newspapers,  
            trade or professional journals, Internet Web sites, electronic  
            mail, or other print publications or electronic means.

          4)Authorizes a school district to accept a bid submitted either  
            electronically or on paper.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Requires the superintendent of each school district to enter  
            into contracts for and on behalf of the district.

          2)Requires the governing board of any school district to  








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            determine the method of payment for construction contracts,  
            including progress payments for completed portions of the work  
            or for materials delivered or stored.

          3)Requires that any school district contract become valid or  
            constitute an enforceable obligation against the district when  
            that contract has been approved or ratified by the governing  
            board by a motion of the board duly passed and adopted. 

          4)Requires the governing board of a school district, for the  
            purpose of securing bids, to publish a notice calling for  
            contract bids, at least once a week for two weeks prior to the  
            due date for such bids, in a newspaper of general circulation  
            in the district, or if there is no such newspaper, then in  
            some newspaper of general circulation in the county.

          5)Authorizes such notice calling for contract bids to also be  
            posted on the district's Internet Web site or through an  
            electronic portal.

          6)Requires such notice calling for contract bids to state the  
            work to be done or materials or supplies to be furnished, as  
            well as the time, place, and Internet Web site where  
            information will be posted at the bid opening.

          7)Authorizes a school district to accept a bid submitted either  
            electronically or on paper.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   Unknown.

           COMMENTS  :   The author makes a clear statement summarizing the  
          public benefits that this bill intends to generate, when he  
          states that, "AB 2161 is designed to save school districts money  
          by ensuring the widest possible pool of bidders on public works  
          construction projects."  Full and fairly distributed information  
          lies at the heart of the competitive market model; that market  
          approach, and the resulting competition for school district  
          contracts, will work to drive costs down for school districts,  
          and to eliminate the nepotism and cronyism that historically  
          plagued public contracts.  To a large extent, fostering  
          competition, so as to reduce government contract costs and thus  
          benefit the state, is the goal of the contracting procedures  
          that the state requires of public entities.

          The intent of this bill is to increase the potential pool of  








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          aware bidders by requiring school districts to electronically  
          post bid notices for contracts related to the construction of  
          school facilities.  Contract bid notices are effectively  
          announcements that the school district will be accepting bids  
          for a specific contract.  Current law requires that any contract  
          bid notice be published in a newspaper of general circulation,  
          and authorizes the posting of electronic bid notices, but does  
          not require it.  

          There is no firm data on current district practices with respect  
          to posting bid notices.  In 2009 an informal survey conducted by  
          committee staff suggested that school districts:

          1)Have a clear interest in posting their bid notices as widely  
            as possible in order to generate more competition for those  
            contracts, 

          2)Will use whatever means are available for distributing their  
            bid notices, including the use of a district "bidders list" (a  
            list of former bidders and firms wishing to bid in the  
            future), bidders lists made readily available to districts by  
            county and state governmental agencies, newspapers and other  
            print media, and district Internet Web sites.

          3)Post their bid notices on their own Web sites, and in some  
            cases, push the bid notice via e-mail to vendors on the  
            bidders list or use other active electronic approaches.

          4)In many cases do not feel that the required newspaper  
            notification results in a significant number of bids.

          Will this bill result in wider electronic distribution of bid  
          notices?  Since districts appear to both be using electronic  
          means to distribute bid notices and to feel that electronic  
          distribution serves their interests, it is unclear that a  
          movement from the current authorization to the proposed mandate  
          would substantially increase the volume of bid notices posted on  
          the Internet.  In other words, since electronic distribution of  
          bid notices works, districts may already be using it.  At the  
          same time, if not all districts are currently distributing bid  
          notices electronically and if electronic distribution increases  
          bid responses (as some districts have suggested), then requiring  
          the electronic distribution will lead to wider bidder pools.

          Does this bill have a fiscal impact on school districts or the  








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          state?  The primary concern that this proposal generates is that  
          the change from current law that authorizes Internet posting of  
          bid notices to the proposed Internet posting requirement would  
          clearly create a state mandated local program; this is confirmed  
          by the fact that the Legislative Counsel Bureau has keyed the  
          bill to indicate that it does create a state mandated local  
          program.  The change from being given an option to  
          electronically post bid notices to being required to post those  
          notices creates a requirement for a higher level of service, or  
          mandate, on the local districts; since this mandate stems from  
          statutory change and not from requirements created by public  
          initiative or federal law, the local district costs of meeting  
          this mandate would be reimbursable by the state.  It is unclear  
          how extensive the administrative costs, and thus the  
          reimbursements, created by this change would be.

          Is there an issue with Internet access created by this bill?   
          There does not appear to be an issue concerning school district  
          access to the Internet and thus district's ability to provide  
          for electronic distribution of bid notices.  According to the  
          California Department of Education, in 2009 all but 31 of the  
          state's 1,040 school districts and county offices of education  
          maintained their own Internet Web site; the remaining 31  
          districts were small school districts that could make use of the  
          administrative support provided through the county offices of  
          education.  In most proposals related to electronic distribution  
          of information (e.g., school districts providing notices to  
          parents and guardians), the Legislature has indicated concern  
          regarding equal access to that information for all of the  
          intended recipients, rather than the providers; in the example  
          that would mean that the Legislature would question whether all  
          parents and guardians would have access to the Internet or to  
          electronic mail.  In this bill the recipients of the contract  
          bid notices would be vendors with an interest in knowing about  
          opportunities to bid on school district contracts.  Where there  
          still might be considerable questions about Internet access for  
          individual households, especially those with low incomes, there  
          should be less concern about businesses with an interest in  
          bidding on government contracts being able to access the  
          Internet or to otherwise receive an electronically transmitted  
          contract bid notice.  In today's business environment, where  
          marketing, accounting, billing, correspondence, and submission  
          of bids is largely done electronically, it would be difficult  
          for a firm to function without the basic technology necessary to  
          access the Internet or receive electronic mail.  In fact,  








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          current law allows school districts to determine how they wish  
          to receive bids on contracts by allowing districts to receive  
          bids on paper or electronically; it is possible that some school  
          districts currently only accept electronic bids, and thus  
          effectively require vendors to have the technology that would be  
          required to receive electronic bid notices as well.

          Should there be any requirement for noticing contract bids, or  
          should there be complete local choice on how to notify vendors  
          of contracting opportunities?  As noted above, full and fairly  
          distributed information is what allows competition for contracts  
          to lower contract costs to school districts, ultimately lower  
          costs to the state, improve the quality of the bid proposals,  
          and continue to prevent a return to the nepotism and cronyism  
          that historically plagued public contracting processes.   
          Ensuring that districts continue to widely distribute contract  
          bid notices is most easily done by requiring that distribution  
          to take place using whatever mechanism provides the widest  
          distribution at the lowest possible cost to the district.  

          SB 1464 (Karnette), Chapter 739, Statutes of 2004, authorized  
          posting of the contract notice on the district's Internet Web  
          site or through an electronic portal; the Assembly Education  
          Committee analysis of that bill stated that, "Allowing posting  
          of bids on Web sites, in addition to existing notice  
          requirements in newspapers, provides school districts and  
          bidders the opportunity to become comfortable with electronic  
          bidding procedures using the latest technology to advertise,  
          open and post contractor proposals."  So the Legislature in 2004  
          foresaw the move to what was then emerging, and is now current,  
          technology by allowing and inviting the electronic posting of  
          bid notices.  The requirement proposed in this bill is a logical  
          next step.

          Committee amendments: If this Committee chooses to pass this  
          bill, then Committee staff recommends the following amendments 

          1)Eliminate the conflict and lack of clarity that this bill  
            creates between the current authority to post bids  
            electronically for all types of contract bids and the proposed  
            requirement to post bids for construction of school facilities  
            electronically.

          2)Define "construction of school facilities" to mean work, under  
            a contract involving an expenditure of $15,000 or more, which  








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            falls within the definition of "public project" as defined in  
            Public Contract Code.

          3)Clarify that "another Web site" includes but is not limited to  
            a Web site maintained by the county superintendent of schools.

          Previous legislation: AB 701 (Fong), held in the Assembly  
          Appropriations Committee in 2009, would have placed  
          requirements, similar to those in this bill, on school districts  
          letting contracts for the purchase of goods or services above  
          $50,000 in value.  AB 490 (Parra), vetoed in 2005, would have  
          required the notice calling for bids to be mailed to all  
          construction trade journals for the county or counties in the  
          attendance area of the district at least 30 calendar days before  
          the date of opening the bids, if  the school district would  
          incur no publishing costs.  SB 1464 (Karnette), Chapter 739,  
          Statutes of 2004, authorizes school districts to also publish  
          this notice for bids on the district's Web site or through an  
          electronic portal, and authorize these districts to accept bids  
          that were submitted either electronically or on paper.  AB 2614  
          (Levine), vetoed in 2004, would have required the notice to  
          include the Internet Web site or place where bids will be  
          housed, posted and opened, and would have allowed a school  
          district to satisfy the notice requirement by publishing this  
          information once a week for 2 weeks on the school district's Web  
          site or through an electronic portal; also would have required  
          all bids to be opened at the same time and place, and to the  
          extent possible, on the date designated on the public notice.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           State Building and Construction Trades Council of California  
          (Sponsor)

           Opposition 
           None on file
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Gerald Shelton / ED. / (916) 319-2087