BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 2182
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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 2182 (Huffman)
          As Amended  April 5, 2010
          Majority vote 

           LOCAL GOVERNMENT    8-1                                         
           
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          |Ayes:|Smyth, Caballero,         |     |                          |
          |     |Arambula, Bradford,       |     |                          |
          |     |Davis, Logue, Solorio,    |     |                          |
          |     |Ruskin                    |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Knight                    |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 

           SUMMARY  :  Expands the authorization that allows public agencies  
          to enter into contractual assessments to finance the  
          installation of specified improvements to now include onsite  
          sewer improvements.  Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Authorizes a public agency to enter into a contractual  
            assessment with a willing property owner to finance the  
            installation onsite sewer improvements.

          2)States that it is the intent of the Legislature to address  
            water quality needs throughout California by permitting  
            voluntary individual sewer improvements that provide a public  
            benefit.

          3)States that it is the intent of the Legislature that the  
            authorization created by this bill should be used to finance  
            the installation of onsite sewer improvements that are  
            permanently fixed to residential, commercial, industrial,  
            agricultural, or other real property, for the installation of  
            improvements to, and replacements of, existing onsite sewer  
            facilities served by a community sewer system and conversion  
            of the property from a septic system to community sewer  
            collection and treatment service. 

          4)States that to improve the quality of surface water and  
            groundwater necessary efforts, including the promotion of  








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            onsite water improvements that provide a public benefit in  
            water quality protection, are needed. 

          5)States that the upfront cost of converting residential,  
            commercial, industrial, agricultural, or other real property  
            from an onsite septic system to sewer collection service, or  
            making needed improvements to or replacements of, existing  
            sewer laterals, prevents many property owners from making  
            those improvements. 

          6)States that to make those improvements more affordable and to  
            promote the installation 
          of those improvements, it is necessary to authorize an  
            alternative procedure for authorizing assessments to finance  
            the cost of onsite sewer improvements.

          7)Defines "onsite sewer improvements" as permanent sewer  
            improvements fixed to real property that convey sewage from  
            the property's interior plumbing to the point of discharge  
            into the public agency's sewer facilities, and may include,  
            but is not limited to, pipes, pumps, other equipment, sewer  
            laterals, septic system abandonment, or one-time charges for  
            sewage treatment capacity associated with the improvements. 
          8)Provides that onsite sewer improvements may be installed for  
            either of the following purposes:

             a)   To convert residential, commercial, industrial,  
               agricultural, or other real property from an onsite septic  
               system to community sewer collection service; or,

             b)   To modify or replace existing onsite sewer improvements.  
                

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Authorizes public agencies, as defined, in California to  
            designate areas within which legislative bodies and willing  
            property owners may enter into contractual assessments to  
            finance the installation of distributed generation renewable  
            energy sources or energy or water efficiency improvements.

          2)States legislative intent that the authorization listed above  
            should be used to finance the installation of distributed  
            generation renewable energy sources and energy or water  








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            efficiency improvements that are fixed to residential,  
            commercial, industrial, agricultural, and other real property.

          3)States that for the purpose of financing the installation of  
            water efficiency improvements, "public agency" means a city,  
            county, city and county, municipal utility district, community  
            services district, sanitary district, sanitation district, or  
            water district.

          4)Prohibits the authorization from being used to finance the  
            purchase or appliances or installations not fixed to real  
            property.

          5)Makes findings and declarations concerning the need for energy  
            and water efficiency improvements in order to address global  
            climate change, the deterrent effect of high up-front costs on  
            making those improvements, and the need to authorize an  
            alternative procedure for authorizing assessments to finance  
            the cost of energy efficiency improvements in order to make  
            them more affordable and promote their installation.

          6)Declares that a public purpose will be served by a contractual  
            assessment program that provides the legislative body of  
            specified public agencies with the authority to finance the  
            installation of distributed generation renewable energy  
            sources or energy or water efficiency improvements to  
            residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and other  
            real property.

          7)Authorizes the legislative body to determine that it would be  
            convenient, advantageous, and in the public interest to  
            designate an area within the public agencies' jurisdiction,  
            which may encompass the entire jurisdiction or a lesser  
            portion, within which authorized legislative body officials  
            and property owners may enter into contractual assessments to  
            finance the installation of distributed generation renewable  
            energy sources or energy or water efficiency improvements that  
            are fixed to the property.

          8)States that the term "energy efficient improvements" includes,  
            but is not limited to, the installation of distributed  
            generation renewable energy resources; and, that any energy  
            efficiency improvement must be fixed to the real property.









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          9)Requires that the resolution adopted by the governing body  
            direct the appropriate city official to prepare a report  
            including specified provisions.

          10)Provides that, upon the written consent of an authorized city  
            official, the proposed arrangements for financing the program  
            pertaining to the installation of distributed generation  
            renewable energy resources, energy or water efficiency  
            improvements fixed to real property may authorize the property  
            owner to purchase directly the related equipment and materials  
            and to contract directly for the work on the property owner's  
            residential, commercial, industrial, and other real property.

          11)Specifies that assessments may be levied only with the free  
            and willing consent of the owner of each lot or parcel on  
            which an assessment is levied at the time the assessment is  
            levied.

          12)States that assessments levied pursuant to this chapter, and  
            the interest and any penalties thereon shall constitute a lien  
            against the lots and parcels of land on which they are made  
            until they are paid.

          13)Specifies that the collection of assessments in the same  
            manner and at the same time as the general taxes of the city  
            on real property are payable.

          14)Requires that a specified city official enter into  
            consultations with the office of the county auditor or  
            controller in order to reach agreement on what additional  
            fees, if any, will be charged to the city or county for  
            incorporating the proposed contractual assessments into the  
            assessments of the general taxes of the city or county on real  
            property, and to include a report on the results of these  
            consultations in the report to be submitted to the legislative  
            body of the city.

          15)Requires a legislative body to publish notice of a hearing  
            regarding contractual assessments.

          16)Defines "city" for purposes of these sections as a city,  
            county, or city and county.

          17)Defines "water district" as any district or other political  








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            subdivision, other than a city or county, a primary function  
            of which is the irrigation, reclamation, or drainage of land  
            or the diversion, storage, management, or distribution of  
            water primarily for domestic, municipal, agricultural,  
            industrial, recreation, fish and wildlife enhancement, flood  
            control, or power production purposes.

          18)Specifies for the purpose of financing the installation of  
            distributed generation renewable energy sources or energy  
            efficiency improvements, "public agency" means a county, city,  
            city and county, or a municipal utility district, an  
            irrigation district, or public utility district that owns and  
            operates an electric distribution system. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   None

           COMMENTS  :  According to the U.S. Environmental Protection  
          Agency, septic systems that are properly planned, designed,  
          sited, installed, operated and maintained can provide excellent  
          wastewater treatment.  However, systems that are sited in  
          densities that exceed the treatment capacity of regional soils  
          and systems that are poorly designed, installed, operated or  
          maintained can cause problems.  The most serious documented  
          problems involve contamination of surface waters and ground  
          water with disease-causing pathogens and nitrates.  Other  
          problems include excessive nitrogen discharges to sensitive  
          coastal waters and phosphorus pollution of inland surface  
          waters, which increases algal growth and lowers dissolved oxygen  
          levels.  Contamination of important shellfish beds and swimming  
          beaches by pathogens is also a concern in some coastal regions.

          According to the author's office, converting from a septic to  
          sewer system protects public and environmental health by  
          ensuring that wastewater is collected and conveyed to treatment  
          and disposal facilities with minimal risk and increases water  
          quality benefits.  But the cost to convert a septic system to a  
          sewer system can be expensive.  There can be multiple major  
          costs in converting from a septic system to sewer service,  
          including: the public sewer infrastructure, side sewer  
          construction, septic system abandonment, and connection fees.   
          The co-sponsor, Irvine Ranch Water District, states that the  
          costs to customers of converting their septic systems to a  
          community sewer system, or for replacing aging sewer laterals,  
          are often prohibitive, costing $2,000 to $14,000 for septic  








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          conversions and $3,000 to $12,000 for laterals.  If pumps or  
          pump replacements are needed, this can be an additional $10,000.  


          This bill expands the existing contractual assessment  
          authorization, currently used for renewable energy and water use  
          efficiency improvements, to now include sewer lateral  
          improvements and septic-to-sewer conversions.  Specifically,  
          this bill authorizes public agencies and special districts to  
          offer loans for sewer lateral and septic improvements on private  
          property when those improvements will result in public benefits  
          due to water quality improvements to surface and ground water. 

          This bill also authorizes a contractual assessment for onsite  
          sewer improvements to include one-time charges for sewer  
          treatment capacity associated with the improvement.  The  
          Legislature may wish to consider if one-time fees should be  
          authorized since the basic premise behind contractual  
          assessments is that the improvement is permanently affixed to  
          the property.
             
           AB 811 (Levine), Chapter 159, Statutes of 2008, proposed to  
          further the public interest 
          of addressing climate change through energy conservation efforts  
          by authorizing cities to provide up-front financing to property  
          owners to install solar or other renewable energy-generating  
          devices or make specified energy efficiency improvements to  
          their properties through a system of contractual assessments.   
          Prior to AB 811, contractual assessments were only authorized  
          for certain types of public works projects.  Under contractual  
          assessments, the property owner or owners within a designated  
          area choose to assess themselves for the cost of energy  
          efficiency improvements or public works projects (i.e., under  
          grounding of power lines or installation of streetlights).  The  
          local government then provides the up-front funds for the  
          project, and the property owners pay an annual assessment until  
          those funds, plus interest, are repaid.  The underlying purpose  
          is to create a means by which a project that provides both a  
          public benefit and an incidental benefit to particular property  
          owners can be financed without imposing the cost on property  
          owners in other parts of the city who derive no benefit.

          AB 474 (Blumenfield), Chapter 444, Statutes of 2009, added water  
          efficiency improvements to the list of improvements that can be  








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          paid for through a contractual assessment between a willing  
          property owner and a public agency.
           
           Support arguments:  Supporters state that over time, septic  
          systems and private sewer laterals can become damaged and  
          blocked, leading to leaking of wastewater into the ground,  
          potentially threatening water quality and public health and  
          safety.  Additionally, damaged laterals can contribute to sewage  
          blockages and backups in the public system.  The costs to  
          private property owners for conversion from septic to community  
          sewer lines are often prohibitive.  Supporters argue that  
          providing additional options for the financing of these  
          important projects is vital to water quality and public health  
          protection in our communities. 

          Opposition arguments:  Opposition could argue that this measure  
          adds yet another improvement to the laundry list of improvements  
          that a local government can finance through contractual  
          assessments; the Legislature may wish to consider whether it is  
          prudent to continue to authorize local governments to become a  
          glorified bank to help pay for on-site property improvements.   
          The Legislature may also wish to consider if it would be wise to  
          place some type of cap on the amount of contractual assessments  
          a local government may enter into at any one time in order to  
          reduce the financial risk for the local agency.
              
          This bill is similar to AB 1755 (Swanson), which is currently  
          pending in the Assembly.  As these contractual assessment bills  
          move forward, each will need to be amended to avoid  
          chaptering-out issues.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Katie Kolitsos / L. GOV. / (916)  
          319-3958 


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