BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 2266 (Bradford)
          As Amended  April 14, 2010
          Majority vote 

           EDUCATION           8-0                                         
           
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          |Ayes:|Brownley, Nestande,       |     |                          |
          |     |Ammiano, Arambula,        |     |                          |
          |     |Carter, Chesbro, Norby,   |     |                          |
          |     |Torlakson                 |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |     |                          |     |                          |
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           SUMMARY  :   Extends the authorization for school districts to  
          destroy records, which have been copied by photographic,  
          microfilm or electronic means, to include, under specified  
          conditions, original records that are basic to any required  
          audit.   Specifically,  this bill  :

          1)Deletes the requirement that no original record that is basic  
            to any required audit be destroyed prior to the second July  
            1st succeeding the completion of the audit.

          2)Requires, before an original record is destroyed, that the  
            governing board of the school district certifies in each  
            fiscal year, by a motion of the board duly passed and adopted,  
            that provisions are made to ensure that the photographic,  
            microfilm, or electronic copies of any records of the school  
            district meet both of the following requirements:

             a)   The copies will be maintained in a "trusted system," as  
               defined by current law, so that a document retrieved from  
               the system can not differ substantially from the original  
               document; and,

             b)   The copies of records are made in compliance with  
               standards or regulations currently required to be approved  
               and adopted by the Secretary of State (SOS) or, until those  
               are adopted, in compliance with the interim requirements  
               specified in statute.

          3)States that these provisions do not relieve a school district  








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            from any requirement in law to produce an original record that  
            is basic to a required audit, unless that record can be  
            reproduced from a copy that was made pursuant to these  
            provisions. 

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Authorizes the governing board of a school district to make  
            photographic, microfilm or electronic copies of original  
            district records.

          2)Authorizes the destruction of an original record, but  
            requires, before an original record is destroyed, that  
            provisions be made for permanently maintaining the copies in  
            the files of the district.

          3)Prohibits the destruction of an original record that is basic  
            to any required audit prior to the second July 1st succeeding  
            the completion of the audit.

          4)Authorizes the Superintendent of Public Instruction to adopt  
            regulations governing the destruction of records, whenever the  
            destruction of records of a district is not otherwise provided  
            for by law; also authorizes the governing board of the  
            district to destroy such records of the district in accordance  
            with those regulations.

          5)States legislative recognition of the need to adopt uniform  
            statewide standards for the purpose of storing and recording  
            permanent and nonpermanent documents in electronic media, and  
            requires the SOS to approve and adopt appropriate standards  
            established by the American National Standards Institute  
            (ANSI) or the Association for Information and Image Management  
            (AIIM).

          6)Defines "trusted system" to mean a combination of techniques,  
            policies, and procedures for which there is no plausible  
            scenario in which a document retrieved from or reproduced by  
            the system could differ substantially from the document that  
            is originally stored.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   This bill is keyed non-fiscal.

           COMMENTS  :   The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates  








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          that a typical office operation in the United States generates  
          approximately 10,000 sheets of used paper per year for each  
          employee.  Ten thousand sheets of unused office bond paper makes  
          a stack that is four feet high, though used paper takes up more  
          space.  Thus the typical office operation will generate  
          approximately three standard file boxes full of paper each year  
          for each employee.  In a school district operation most of this  
          paper would constitute an original record and be subject to  
          document retention requirements.  In addition, many of these  
          documents, including period-by-period or day-by-day classroom  
          attendance sheets, financial statements, budget documents, and  
          payroll records, fall under the prohibition against destruction  
          of auditable documents for up to two years or fall into a  
          category of documents that must be permanently retained in paper  
          form.  It is no wonder that, according to the author, the  
          sponsor of this bill (the Los Angeles Unified School District),  
          "discovered that the district was paying $1.2 million per year  
          in warehouse costs to store documents as a result of various  
          state audit requirements.  This cost is paid from the district's  
          general fund and could otherwise be used to fund vital jobs and  
          operations eliminated due to budget cuts." 

          Clearly state and local agencies must maintain records generated  
          by day to day operations, and must be able to provide  
          documentation to auditors that provide necessary information for  
          the review and oversight of those operations.  As early as the  
          1950s, however, the state sought to eliminate excess paper  
          records by authorizing specified state and local governmental  
          entities to destroy original records that had been reproduced  
          through photographic or microfilm technologies; at the same  
          time, the state required a delay in the destruction of auditable  
          records until up to two years after the completion of any audit.  
           In the 1980s the Legislature moved to embrace emerging  
          technology by extending this authorization to include the  
          reproduction of records on electronic media; separate bills [SB  
          889 (Bergeson), Chapter 57, Statutes of 1989 and SB 849  
          (Bergeson), Chapter 1061, Statutes of 1991] made this  
          authorization subject to standards, that would ensure the  
          authenticity of the reproduction, to be developed by the  
          National Institute of Standards and Technology, and by ANSI or  
          AIIM, respectively.  AB 972 (Torlakson), Chapter 677, Statutes  
          of 1998, as amended by SB 2067 (Bowen), Chapter 569, Statutes of  
          2000, required the SOS to adopt, as regulations, the standards  
          developed by ANSI or AIIM to govern photographic, microfilm and  








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          electronic copying of specified state and local records.  AB  
          1600 (Assembly Committee on Education), Chapter 646, Statutes of  
          1999, amended the Education Code to allow school districts to  
          make electronic copies of any records in the district prior to  
          destruction, as specified, but continued the required delay in  
          the destruction of auditable records.

          The SOS has continued to work toward adoption of standards to  
          govern the conversion of documents to electronic media prior to  
          destruction and to govern the storage of electronic documents in  
          a trusted system.  A public hearing on the proposed "trustworthy  
          electronic document or record preservation regulations" was held  
          by the SOS on September 15, 2009.  Consistent with the  
          Administrative Procedures Act, a series of 45-day and 15-day  
          comment periods, and the resulting review of comments, has led  
          to subsequent changes to the proposed regulations. The most  
          recent 15-day comment period ended on March 15, 2010, and the  
          SOS is in the process of reviewing comments that were received.   
          A final version of the proposed regulations will be submitted to  
          the Office of Administrative Law at the end of this process.

          According to the author, this bill will "authorize a school  
          district to make reproductions of the original document  
          utilizing standards and guidelines as recommended [ANSI] or  
          [AIIM] and maintain those documents utilizing a "trusted  
          system", as defined in Government Code Section 12168.7."  The  
          author also states that the bill would specifically, "allow  
          school districts to utilize existing technology and save general  
          fund money expended on storage cost as a result of requirements  
          to maintain paper documents for upwards of 8 years" and "provide  
          a safe, secure and inexpensive alternative to maintaining  
          original documents that also protects the validity and  
          authenticity of the original document for audit purposes." 

          Essentially, this bill will extend a school district's authority  
          to destroy original records, once they have been copied, to  
          include records that are basic to a required audit without the  
          currently required delay in destruction.  As a safeguard against  
          concern over any premature loss of auditable records, the bill  
          also moves to clarify and enhance the standards that copies of  
          records must meet prior to the destruction of those records.  If  
          those enhanced standards are adhered to by school districts,  
          then this expanded authority will allow a district to use  
          current technologies to meet the district's fiscal and legal  








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          obligations, while at the same time generating a cost savings.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Gerald Shelton / ED. / (916) 319-2087 

                                                               FN:  0003941