BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                          SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                               Gloria Romero, Chair
                            2009-2010 Regular Session
                                         

          BILL NO:       AB 2266
          AUTHOR:        Bradford 
          AMENDED:       April 14, 2010
          FISCAL COMM:   No             HEARING DATE:  June 23, 2010
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT: Daniel Alvarez

           SUBJECT  :    School district preservation and destruction of  
          records.

           KEY POLICY ISSUE  

          Should the State allow school districts to make "trusted  
          system" copies consistent with legislative direction in order  
          to reduce costs of maintaining original documents?

          Can a "trusted system" meet stringent auditing standards for  
          review of "original" documents when necessary?


           SUMMARY  
           
          This bill permits a school district to destroy original  
          records where a photographic, microfilm, or electronic copy  
          has been made, if the governing board certifies that  
          provisions are made to ensure that the copies of the records  
          meet specified requirements of the Government Code.  

           BACKGROUND  

          Current law authorizes the governing board of a school  
          district: (1) to make photographic, microfilm or electronic  
          copies of original district records, and (2) to destroy  
          destruction of an original record, but requires, before an  
          original record is destroyed, that provisions be made for  
          permanently maintaining the copies in the files of the  
          district.  Furthermore, current law prohibits the destruction  
          of an original record that is basic to any required audit  
          prior to the second July 1st succeeding the completion of the  
          audit. (Education Code  35254)

          Current law requires the Controller, in consultation with the  
          Department of Finance, the State Department of Education, and  



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          representatives of specified organizations, to propose the  
          content of a guide for the required annual financial and  
          compliance audits of school districts, offices of county  
          superintendents of schools, and other local education  
          agencies.  Statute further requires the Controller to submit  
          the proposed audit guide to the Education Audit Appeals Panel  
          for review and possible amendment.  (Education Code   
          14502.1)

          Existing law states Legislative recognition of the need to  
          adopt uniform statewide standards for the purpose of storing  
          and recording permanent and nonpermanent documents in  
          electronic media. In addition, requires the Secretary of  
          State to approve and adopt appropriate standards for a  
          "trusted system."  Furthermore, a "trusted system" is defined  
          to mean a combination of techniques, policies, and procedures  
          for which there is no plausible scenario in which a document  
          retrieved from or reproduced by the system could differ  
          substantially from the document that is originally stored.  
          (Government Code  12168.7)

           ANALYSIS  

           This bill  permits a school district to destroy original  
          records where a photographic, microfilm, or electronic copy  
          has been made, if the governing board certifies in each  
          fiscal year that provisions are made to ensure that the  
          copies of the records meet specified requirements.  More  
          specifically, this bill:

          1    Requires school districts meet two requirements prior to  
               the destruction of original records as follows: (a) the  
               copies are maintained in a "trusted system," as defined  
               in the Government Code; and (b) the copies are made in  
               compliance with standards and regulations adopted by the  
               Secretary of State or, until those are adopted, in  
               compliance with the interim requirements specified in  
               statute.

          2)   Deletes the requirement that prohibits destroying  
               original records that are basic to any required audit  
               prior to two years elapsing from completion of the  
               audit.

          3)   Specifies destruction of original records does not  
               relieve a school district from any requirements in law  
               to produce an original record that is basic to a  



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               required audit, unless that record can be reproduced  
               from a copy that was made from the original record.

           STAFF COMMENTS  

           1)   Need for the bill  :  According to the author, as a result  
               of difficult economic times, school districts around the  
               state have searched for ways to reduce their operating  
               budgets - one way is in the use of "trusted systems" of  
               copying original documents - thereby reducing the need  
               to maintain, in some instances warehouses of documents,  
               decreasing non-instruction expenditures, and preserving  
               documents. 

           2)   "Trusted System" will be used in courts  .  The State, for  
               purposes of presentations of writings in a court, allows  
               for the admissible use of non-erasable optical image of  
               reproduction provided that additions, deletions, or  
               changes to the original document are not permitted by  
               the technology if the copy or reproduction was made and  
               preserved as part of the records of a business (which  
               includes every kind of business, government activity,  
               profession occupation, calling, or operation of  
               institutions, whether carried on for profit or not) in  
               the regular course of that business.  (Evidence Code   
               1550)

               Further, once the Secretary of State adopts standards  
               and regulations as defined in Government Code Section  
               12168.7 non-erasable optical image reproduction or any  
               other reproduction of a public record by a trusted  
               system if additions, deletions, or changes to the  
               original document are not permitted by the technology,  
               will be a type of evidence of a writing as admissible as  
               the writing itself.

           3)   According to the State Controller's Office (SCO),   
               government auditing standards related to evidence and  
               fraud detection require review of original documents.   
               If this measure were enacted, auditors may be unable to  
               provide unqualified audit opinions - on the propriety,  
               validity, and authenticity of fiscal information - since  
               the audit could not be conducted in accordance with  
               audit standards.  If original documents were not  
               available, an auditor would have to perform or require  
               school districts to perform additional procedures to  
               authenticate copied documents.



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                Staff recommends amendments to (1) retain existing  
               statute Education Code 35254 but sunset it as of  
               December 31, 2012, and (2) add a proviso that requires  
               the State Controller to work in coordination with the  
               Secretary of State meet to develop standards, policies,  
               or regulations consistent with the applicable use of a  
               "trusted system."

           4)   Timing of Secretary of State (SOS) process  . The SOS has  
               continued to work toward adoption of standards to govern  
               the conversion of documents to electronic media prior to  
               destruction and to govern the storage of electronic  
               documents in a trusted system.  According to the SOS  
               office, it is unlikely that regulations for a "trusted  
               system" will be adopted sooner than the summer of 2011.   
                 
           
               Staff recommends amendments to delay implementation for  
               use of a "trusted system" as envisioned in the current  
               version of the measure until January 1, 2013 and that  
               the use of a "trusted system" for any required audit are  
               made in compliance with standards, policies, or  
               regulations developed by the State Controller.  This  
               delay should insure appropriate time for implementation  
               of "trusted system" regulations and standards, as well  
               as for (1) the SCO to provide guidance on the use of  
               trusted systems for audit purposes, and (2) school  
               districts to develop appropriate policy changes and  
               train staff.

           5)   Policy arguments  :  

                        Proponents argue that various governmental  
                    entities are moving in the direction of maintaining  
                    "trusted systems" of copies to streamline processes  
                    and save money, but to provide a safe, secure and  
                    inexpensive alternative to maintaining original  
                    documents while preserving the validity and  
                    authenticity of the original document.

                        Opponents contend if original documents are  
                    not available for audit review, audits may be  
                    compromised and a school district's federal and  
                    state funding could be negatively impacted. 





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           SUPPORT
           
          Los Angeles Unified School District


           OPPOSITION
           
          State Controller's Office