BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  AB 2335
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           REPLACE  - 06/02/2010 Technical change (Member name)
          
          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 2335 (Brownley)
          As Amended  April 27, 2010
          Majority vote 

           EDUCATION           9-0         APPROPRIATIONS      17-0        
           
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Ayes:|Brownley, Nestande,       |Ayes:|Fuentes, Conway, Ammiano, |
          |     |Ammiano, Arambula,        |     |                          |
          |     |Carter, Eng, Miller,      |     |Bradford, Charles         |
          |     |Norby, Torlakson          |     |Calderon, Coto,           |
          |     |                          |     |Davis, Monning, Ruskin,   |
          |     |                          |     |Harkey,                   |
          |     |                          |     |Miller, Nielsen, Norby,   |
          |     |                          |     |Skinner,                  |
          |     |                          |     |Solorio, Torlakson,       |
          |     |                          |     |Torrico                   |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           SUMMARY  :  Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI)  
          to recommend modifications to the format of, and requirements on,  
          school district accounting in order to support school-level  
          financial reporting.   Specifically,  this bill  :  

          1)Makes legislative findings and declarations related to  
            California's current education finance system, its complexity  
            and lack of transparency, the lack of tools that would allow  
            schools and districts to use resources effectively and  
            efficiently, and the need for a complete understanding of how  
            resources are allocated by districts and within schools.

          2)States legislative intent to:

             a)   Support accountability by increasing the transparency of  
               state funding mechanisms and of expenditure decisions at the  
               local level; and,

             b)   Improve the reporting of financial data so that  
               programmatic investments can be linked to programs at school  
               sites that increase pupil achievement.








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          3)Requires the SPI to make recommendations, on or before December  
            1, 2011, to the Legislature and the Governor concerning  
            statutory, regulatory, ministerial, and programmatic changes  
            that would be necessary to support the development,  
            implementation, and use of comprehensive school-level financial  
            data that would produce all of the following: 

             a)   Simple to use, transparent, and informative school-level  
               financial reports showing both the source of school-level  
               revenue and the expenditures made by each school;

             b)   In-depth analyses of school-level financial data  
               including, but not necessarily limited to, analyses by fund  
               source, function, program, and object;

             c)   Comparisons of financial data across schools, both within  
               the district and outside of the district, and over time;

             d)   Linkages between school-level financial, demographic,  
               programmatic, and academic achievement data so as to  
               facilitate program and policy evaluation; and,

             e)   A comprehensive means for the education community,  
               policymakers, researchers, and the public to easily access  
               information about all aspects of the performance of each  
               school in the state.

          4)Requires the SPI's recommendations to focus on all changes that  
            are necessary to support a future local educational agency  
            requirement for school-level financial data reporting, and to  
            address:

             a)   Modifications to the standardized account code structure  
               (SACS), to the California School Accounting Manual (CSAM), to  
               financial regulations imposed upon or other instructions  
               provided to school districts, county offices of education or  
               charter schools, and to the School Accountability Report  
               Card; and,

             b)   Changes to existing data collections (or the  
               implementation of new data collections), to the state's  
               Education Information System (especially to facilitate the  
               linking of school financial, demographic, and pupil program  
               data), to the state's hardware and software capacity or other  
               information technology needs that would be necessary to  







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               support publicly available school-level data analysis,  
               evaluative tools and publicly available school-level reports.

          5)States legislative intent that the SPI's recommendations build  
            upon previous research, reports, evaluations, audits and  
            studies, and be developed in consultation with policymakers,  
            members of the education community, members of the public, and  
            other stakeholders.

          6)Repeals these provisions on December 1, 2015.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Requires that each school district produce an annual school  
            accountability report card (SARC) for each school in the  
            district, including various specific data elements describing  
            the school and its condition.

          2)Authorizes the California Department of Education (CDE) to  
            develop SACS to be used to account for revenues and expenditures  
            in local educational agencies, and requires the accounting  
            system used to record the financial affairs of any school  
            district to be consistent with CSAM as developed by the CDE. 


          3)Requires, on or before September 15, the governing board of each  
            school district to approve, in a format prescribed by the SPI,  
            an annual statement of all receipts and expenditures of the  
            district for the preceding fiscal year and to file the statement  
            with the county superintendent of schools. 



          4)Requires each county superintendent of schools to prepare and  
            file with the SPI a statement of all receipts and expenditures  
            of the county office of education for the preceding fiscal year  
            in a format or on forms prescribed by the SPI; also requires  
            each county superintendent of schools to prepare and file with  
            the SPI the financial statements of each school district in that  
            county.

          5)Requires the financial statement format or forms prescribed by  
            the SPI to be adopted as regulations by the State Board of  
            Education, and authorizes periodic amendments to accommodate  
            changes in statute or government reporting standards.







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           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          Committee, one-time General Fund administrative costs, of at least  
          $125,000, to the SPI to convene a group to develop recommendations  
          for a report on the use of comprehensive K-12 school level  
          financial data.

           COMMENTS  :  According to the author, "California's current system  
          of school finance is highly state-centralized, extremely complex  
          and in need of fundamental reform.  A simpler and more transparent  
          system is needed in order to support accountability for increased  
          student success."  One step toward improving the transparency of  
          the current system is to implement, "school-level reports on  
          revenue and expenditures to facilitate easy comparisons across  
          schools and districts, including comparisons of school, district,  
          and statewide demographics and academic performance, and data on  
          program-level expenditures."  The author's stated intent of this  
          bill is to build toward school-level reports and data that will  
          "facilitate easy comparisons across schools and districts,  
          including comparisons of school, district, and statewide  
          demographics and academic performance, and data on program-level  
          expenditures."

          This bill requires the SPI to make recommendations for the  
          modification of the state's existing fiscal systems to support  
          more comprehensive school-level financial reporting.  There are  
          clear benefits to school-level fiscal reporting - many related to  
          increased transparency and sensitivity to possible intra-district  
          funding and service inequities.  In addition, school-level  
          financial data reveals the effectiveness of expenditures at the  
          intended point of impact - the school and classroom.  There are  
          also numerous technical, administrative, accounting, and  
          information technology issues that would have to be addressed by  
          the SPI's recommendations before the Legislature could act on  
          those recommendations.  Since the school district is the locus of  
          accounting and administration for the schools within the district,  
          it will require a complex system of rules and judgments to put all  
          schools in a uniform position for accounting and reporting  
          purposes; that is the charge proposed by this bill to be placed on  
          the SPI.

          The state's SACS provides all California school districts with a  
          uniform and comprehensive system of accounts that districts are  
          required to use to categorize each revenue and expenditure.  SACS,  
          along with guidance in CSAM and from the Governmental Accounting  







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          Standards Board, form the basis for school district accounting and  
          financial reporting in California.  Within SACS, school-level data  
          can be added to the district's financial analyses; however,  
          districts currently have flexibility in the extent to and manner  
          in which they use the system to reflect school-level information.   
          Since school districts have different levels of interest and  
          expertise in terms of going beyond what is required in SACS and  
          district financial reports, there may be a loss in uniformity in  
          those school-level reports if compared across districts.



          School-level financial information would serve a variety of  
          audiences, including the general public, education researchers,  
          school administrators, other district and school employees (e.g.,  
          program coordinators, classroom teachers or non-instructional  
          employees), local governing boards, the Legislature, and investors  
          and creditors (e.g., bondholders and prospective bondholders,  
          commercial banks, other creditors, vendors).  According to a  
          report from the National Center for Educational Statistics, by  
          2001, 44 states had begun regulating the financial reporting of  
          school districts.  Of these, 20 states had mandated some type of  
          school-level financial or budget reporting.  


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Gerald Shelton / ED. / (916) 319-2087


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