BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                          SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                               Gloria Romero, Chair
                            2009-2010 Regular Session
                                         

          BILL NO:       AB 2366
          AUTHOR:        Brownley
          AMENDED:       April 27, 2010
          FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  June 30, 2010
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:Daniel Alvarez

           SUBJECT  :   Meals for Needy Pupils: Revenue Limit Adjustment.

           KEY POLICY ISSUE  

          Should the Legislature delay the implementation of a  
          specified revenue limit adjustment since it is no longer  
          revenue neutral to school districts?

           SUMMARY   

          This bill delays the implementation of a school district  
          revenue limit adjustment related to the Meals for Needy  
          Pupils (MNP) program from 2010-11 to the 2013-14 fiscal year.

           BACKGROUND  

          Current law provides that revenue limit funding for K-12  
          School Districts is based on a per pupil base revenue limit  
          multiplied by Average Daily Attendance (ADA). The base  
          revenue limit for school districts is then calculated by  
          taking the prior year amount and adjusting it to take into  
          account cost of living increases and any other adjustments,  
          such as an adjustment implementing revenue limit  
          equalization.  Existing law also provides that K-12 revenue  
          limit funding be further adjusted as specified in statute for  
          individual programs or district characteristics. These  
          adjustments are collectively referred to as revenue limit  
          add-ons.

          AB 851 (Brownley, Chapter 374, Statutes of 2009) commencing  
          in 2010-11, provided for the consolidation of two current  
          revenue limit add-ons - Meals for Needy Pupils (MNP) and  
          Beginning Teacher Salary Incentive - in the K-12 revenue  
          limit calculation into one consolidated adjustment, and would  
          add other adjustments (Unemployment Insurance and separate  
          one-time and ongoing adjustments for specific school  



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          districts) to the base revenue limit on an ongoing basis.   
          Chapter 374 would also repeal all statutes that created these  
          add-ons, effective with the 2010-11 fiscal year.  (Education  
          Code  42238, 42238.21, 42238.22, 42238.485, 42241.2,  
          45023.1, and 45023.4)

           ANALYSIS  

           This bill  delays the implementation of a school district  
          revenue limit adjustment related to the Meals for Needy  
          Pupils (MNP) program from 2010-11 to the 2013-14 fiscal year.  
           In addition, the bill extends the authorization for the MNP  
          program from July 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013.
           STAFF COMMENTS  

          1)    According to the author  , this bill is intended to  
               relieve the effects of an unintended consequence of  
               Chapter 374 (Brownley) that was created by the current  
               economic recession; by delaying the implementation of  
               one of the provisions related to MNP until 2013-14. 
             
                Chapter 374 requires as of the 2010-11 existing school  
               district revenue limit adjustments for the MNP program  
               and minimum teacher salaries to be rolled into the base  
               revenue limit per unit of average daily attendance for  
               each district. 

               Since the state has experienced a severe economic  
               downturn, the number of pupils eligible for subsidized  
               meals has dramatically increased.  The increase in the  
               number of subsidized meals normally leads to the revenue  
               limit adjustment for the MNP program increasing, which  
               means more funding to affected school districts.   
               However, Chapter 374 prevents districts from receiving  
               this funding increase because this measure calculates a  
               fixed adjustment based on 2007-08 levels.  

          2)    Consolidation of revenue limit add-ons  makes sense since  
               the funding has long ago lost all connection to the  
               program that initially existed. These add-ons are  
               neither restricted in purpose nor related to current  
               program costs and may be used for any discretionary  
               purpose just like all other revenue limit funding.  In  
               the past, the Legislative Analyst's Office has  
               recommended that a number of revenue limit add-ons, be  
               rolled into revenue limits.




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          3)    School district revenue limits  were created in 1972 in  
               response to the Serrano v. Priest lawsuit that was then  
               pending in the courts. The Serrano case determined that  
               the state's then existent property tax based system of  
               school funding was unconstitutional and the state was  
               ordered to equalize per pupil revenues that had no  
               rational basis to be different. The Serrano courts  
               excluded categorical funding from equalization order  
               because the need to compensate districts for  
               differential needs provided a rational basis for unequal  
               distribution.

               Over the years the state has provided school districts  
               with various general aid allocations that, arguably, had  
               a rational basis for not being equalized.  These  
               "revenue limit add-ons" were allocated to districts with  
               their revenue limit funding but not included in  
               equalization calculations and thus always kept separate  
               from the districts' "base revenue limits."  Some of  
               these "add-ons," such as the "meals for needy pupils"  
               were allocations to districts to allow them to maintain  
               local initiatives that had been funded from "voted  
               overrides" of local property tax rates.  All such  
               property tax increments were eliminated by Proposition  
               13 in 1978 and local districts had appealed to the state  
               to maintain what had been locally funded programs with  
               "add-on" funding. 

               In addition to preserving local initiatives, revenue  
               limit add-ons were created by statute to address costs  
               that varied among districts, and therefore did not make  
               sense to equalize, but still were basic funding needs  
               that didn't need to be restricted under a categorical  
               program. The minimum beginning teacher salary incentive  
               was such an add-on.

          4)    According to Assembly Appropriations  . The bill would  
               result in a General Fund (Proposition 98) loss of  
               savings, of approximately $16 million in revenue limit  
               funding, to school districts due to the provisions of AB  
               851 related to the MNP program.  Absent this measure,  
               implementation of AB 851 would lead to the state  
               allocating less revenue limit funding to school  
               districts because the calculation for the fixed  
               adjustment for the MNP program is based on 2007-08  
               funding levels.  




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          5)    Prior and related legislation  .

               AB 599 (Mullin) of 2008 was substantially similar to AB  
               851 (Chapter 374, Statutes of 2009), except that it also  
               included 1983 instructional time incentive in the  
               adjustment that is created out of the Meals for Needy  
               Pupils and Beginning Teacher Salary Incentive add-ons.   
               AB 599 was vetoed with the following message: 

               While this bill attempts to simplify an overly complex  
               education finance system, this bill has several  
               technical concerns in the way it was drafted.   I am  
               concerned that the consolidated "add-on" may not be  
               revenue neutral, as the author intended, since various  
               factors could result in unanticipated General Fund costs  
               or savings in future years.  Furthermore, the bill as  
               crafted may diminish the incentives for districts to  
               offer longer instructional time. 

           SUPPORT
           
          California School Boards Association
          California Teachers Association
          Elk Grove Unified School District
          Los Angeles County Office of Education
          Riverside County Schools Advocacy Association

           OPPOSITION
           
          None received.