BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                         SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                              Gloria Romero, Chair
                           2009-2010 Regular Session
                                        

          BILL NO:       AB 2401
          AUTHOR:        Block
          AMENDED:       May 28, 2010
          FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  June 30, 2010
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:Kathleen Chavira

           SUBJECT  :  California State University Admissions Policy
          
           KEY POLICY ISSUES
           
          Should the autonomy of the California State University to  
          develop and implement an admissions policy, based upon the  
          Legislature's stated intent, be restricted?

          Should all CSU campuses prioritize local area applicants or  
          is it reasonable that some campuses would draw from  
          applicants statewide? 
           

          SUMMARY
           
          This bill requires the California State University (CSU),  
          within the existing categories of admission priority  
          delineated in law, to grant applicants who reside in the  
          campus' local service area, as defined, and who meet  
          relevant admissions criteria, priority admission over other  
          California residents or out of state-applicants applying as  
          first-time freshmen or sophomores. 

           BACKGROUND
           
          Current law declares the Legislature's intent regarding the  
          categories of priority for purposes of undergraduate  
          resident student enrollment planning and admission at the  
          University of California (UC) and the CSU. This order of  
          priority is as follows:

              Continuing undergraduate students in good standing.









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              California community college students who have  
               successfully completed a course of study in an  
               approved transfer agreement program.

              Other California community college students who have  
               met all requirements for transfer.

              Other qualified transfer students.

              California residents entering at the freshman or  
               sophomore levels.

          Current law also declares the Legislature's intent that  
          within each of the preceding categories, priority  
          consideration for admission be granted in the following  
          order:

              California residents who are recently released  
               veterans of the US Armed Forces, with priority within  
               this group to be given to veterans who were enrolled  
               in good standing prior to military service.

              Transfers from California public community colleges.

              Previously enrolled applicants provided they left the  
               campus in good standing.

              Applicants for a degree or credential objective not  
               generally offered at other public higher education  
               institutions in California.

              Applicants for whom the distance to attend another  
               institution would create financial or other hardship. 

          In the case of California community college transfer  
          students, current law requires that preference be given to  
          students from historically underrepresented or economically  
          disadvantaged families to the fullest extent possible in  
          transfer admissions decisions. (Education Code  66202)

          Current law also requires the CSU and UC to maintain a  
          student body comprised of 60 percent upper division and 40  
          percent lower division students and declares the  
          Legislature's intent that this goal be reached and  








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          maintained by instituting programs and policies that  
          increase the number of transfer students, rather than by  
          denying places to eligible freshmen applicants. (EC   
          66201.5) 

           ANALYSIS
           
           This bill  :

          1)   Restricts the autonomy of the CSU to develop and  
               implement an admissions policy for undergraduate  
               resident students based upon the Legislature's stated  
               intent.

          2)   Requires that, within each of the categories  
               delineated in current law for priority in enrollment  
               planning and admissions, the CSU grant applicants who  
               meet relevant admission criteria and reside in the  
               campus' local service area priority in admissions over  
               other California residents or out of state-applicants  
               applying as first-time freshmen or sophomores. 

          3)   Provides that any applicant granted admission under  
               the bill's provisions is subject to any additional  
               admissions criteria resulting from impaction of a  
               major.

          4)   Defines "local service area" for purposes of the bill.

           STAFF COMMENTS
           
           1)   Need for the bill  . The CSU announced that it would be  
               reducing enrollment by 40,000 students in the 2009-10  
               and 2010-11 academic years due to budget challenges.   
               According to the author, certain campuses have reduced  
               their enrollment by drastically cutting their  
               admittance of students within their defined local  
               service area. This year, San Diego State University,  
               (SDSU) denied 1,740 fully qualified local students  
               admission.  The author contends that the longstanding  
               CSU policy of admitting local students is not codified  
               and as such presents a situation where campuses can  
               deny local students admission with little to no  
               notification of a change in policy. This bill will  








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               remedy the situation by formally establishing local  
               service areas and ensuring that qualified local  
               students are granted admission to their local campus. 

           2)   Local admission guarantee  .  This bill defers the  
               definition of "local service area" to CSU Coded  
               Memorandum AA-2005-05 which delineates the geographic  
               territory assigned to each campus for purposes of  
               providing local high schools and community college  
               information about the CSU and its campuses and for  
               campus impaction purposes.  

               Local first-time freshmen and upper-division transfer  
          students are                                 defined as  
          those students who graduate from a high school district or  
          community college district, respectively, historically  
          served by a CSU                              campus in that  
          region. Under the guarantee, CSU eligible local first-time  
          freshman and upper-division transfer students are required  
          to be admitted to an impacted campus on the basis of  
          established CSU system                       admission  
          policies.   According to the CSU,  the local admission  
          guarantee                                    applies to  
          impacted campuses, but not to impacted majors and programs.

           3)   Impaction  .   An undergraduate major, program, or  
               campus is designated as impacted (subject to approval  
               by the Chancellor) when it receives more eligible  
               applicants during the initial filing period than it  
               can accommodate given its instructional resources and  
               physical capacity.  Impaction may be defined by  
               specific program or by the entering class level (i.e.   
               first -time freshmen or upper division transfers), or  
               some combination of these. Programs or campuses are  
               then authorized to include supplemental criteria  
               (approved by the Chancellor) to screen applicants  
               within a specific enrollment category.  

               Campuses that are impacted are authorized to implement  
          supplemental                                            
          admission criteria for applicants who reside outside the  
          local area of the                                       
          campus, but CSU eligible local first-time freshman and  
          local upper-division                                    








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          transfer students are required to be admitted to an  
          impacted  campus  on the basis of established CSU systemwide  
          admission policies.  However,                           
          admission to a specific program cannot be assured if the  
           program  is impacted.

               According the CSU Enrollment and Management Policy and  
          Practices,                                              
          consistent with the enrollment priorities outlined in  
          statute, California                                     
          Community College transfer students who have successfully  
          concluded a                                             
          course of study in an approved transfer agreement program  
          receive priority over all other applicants to the CSU.  

           4)   Current status  .  The CSU reports that, of its 23  
               campuses, 12 are impacted at the upper division  
               transfer level, 13 are impacted for first time  
               freshmen, and two, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo (SLO) and  
               San Diego State University (SDSU) are impacted in all  
               majors.  As of 2008, all campuses, except SLO and SDSU  
               indicate that they accept all first-time freshmen  
               applicants that graduate from high schools in the  
               local service area and meet systemwide eligibility  
               criteria. 

               SLO has reportedly been impacted for over twenty  
          years. SDSU was                              recently  
          approved to declare impaction at each major by the CSU.  At  
               SDSU, at the first-time freshmen level 80 percent of  
          the class is selected                        on the basis  
          of an eligibility index higher than that required for  
          regular CSU admission. The remaining 20 percent are  
          selected on the basis of                     local area  
          entitlement, socioeconomic or education factors,  
          exceptional talents, or other criteria. 

           5)   What's the effect  ?  As currently drafted the bill  
               would continue to assign lowest priority for  
               enrollment to freshmen and sophomore applicants, i.e.  
               local first time freshmen would not necessarily  
               displace out of area upper division transfer students.  
               Local service area applicants would be given priority  
               over other California residents or other students  








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               applying as  first time freshmen or sophomores  only,  
               and would be granted this priority over non-local area  
               first-time freshman or sophomore applicants within  
               each enrollment category. 

               Nonetheless, the committee may wish to consider the  
          following:

                        It appears that only the SLO and SDSU  
                    campuses do not prioritize local area first time  
                    freshman applicants.  Does it make sense to  
                    implement a statewide statutory change for an  
                    issue that only exists at two campuses? 

                        What if the desired program or major is not  
                    available at an applicant's local CSU campus?  
                    Would this bill limit access to specialized or  
                    high demand programs? Would it result in the  
                    creation of more of these programs at nonimpacted  
                    campuses?
                    
                        Should all CSU campuses prioritize local  
                    area applicants or is it reasonable that some  
                    campuses would draw from applicants statewide? 

                        Should the discretion of the CSU and its  
                    campuses to manage their enrollment be restricted  
                    when funding (General Fund offset by fee  
                    increases and lottery funds) has declined by  
                    about $375 million since 2007-08? 

           1)   Related legislation  . AB 2402 (Block), also on the  
               committee's agenda for consideration today, requires  
               the CSU Trustees to ensure that any changes in the  
               admission criteria for campus admission comply with  
               specified consultation, public meeting, notification  
               and disclosure requirements, and prohibits any change  
               from becoming effective for one year, or six months,  
               if the change is based upon the resources of the local  
               service area of the affected campus.

           2)   Policy arguments  .

               Proponents contend that the ever-growing cost of  








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               higher education is further multiplied when students  
               are not admitted to their local college and then are  
               forced to move or undertake a costly commute. Students  
               must be provided every possibility to achieve when  
               applying to their local State University.

               Opponents contend that, if we assume the state's  
               support for higher education does not fully recover  
               and demands continue to grow, we could have campuses  
               only serving local students.  This could compromise  
               student access if a local campus does not offer the  
               desired degree or program, or if a non-local campus  
               has a strong reputation in a student's chosen field of  
               study. Additionally, the state could incur additional  
               costs if the CSU has to replicate these programs at  
               all campuses in order to ensure access.  

           SUPPORT
           
          American Federation of State, County and Municipal  
          Employees (AFL-CIO)

           OPPOSITION

           California State University