BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                             SENATE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE
                           Senator Ellen M. Corbett, Chair
                              2009-2010 Regular Session


          AB 2764 (Committee on Judiciary)                       
          As Amended August 20, 2010
          Hearing Date: August 25, 2010                          
          Fiscal: No
          Urgency: No                                            
          SK:jd                                                  

                            PURSUANT TO SENATE RULE 29.10

                                        SUBJECT
                                           
                                    State Bar Act

                                      DESCRIPTION  

          This bill would authorize the State Bar of California (State  
          Bar) to collect active membership dues of up to $410 for the  
          year 2011, which would continue the current active dues amount  
          of $410.   Consistent with existing law, those dues would fund  
          only mandatory programs of the State Bar, and members can deduct  
          $5 if they did not wish to support lobbying and other  
          legislative activities.  Members can also deduct an additional  
          $5 if they did not wish to fund access and elimination of bias  
          programs.  This bill would also extend the sunset on the $10  
          special assessment to fund information technology upgrades to  
          January 1, 2014.

          This bill would create the Governance in the Public Interest  
          Task Force in the State Bar and require that task force to  
          submit a report to the Supreme Court, the Governor, and the  
          Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees containing  
          recommendations for enhancing the protection of the public, as  
          specified.  This bill would also require the State Bar, upon  
          request, to make available specified salary information  
          regarding employees.  This bill would also create the Temporary  
          Emergency Legal Services Voluntary Assistance Option, directing,  
          until January 1, 2014, $10 of membership dues to legal services  
          purposes unless a member elects not to support those activities.  


                                      BACKGROUND  
                                                                      



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          The State Bar of California is a public corporation.  Attorneys  
          who wish to practice law in California generally must be  
          admitted and licensed in this state and must be a member of the  
          State Bar.  (Cal. Const. art. VI, Sec. 9.)  As of August 2010,  
          the State Bar had 169,282 active members and total Bar  
          membership was 227,931.  The State Bar of California is the  
          largest state bar in the country.  The Bar's programs are  
          financed mostly by annual membership dues paid by attorneys as  
          well as other fees paid by applicants seeking to practice law.   
          The Bar's 2010 general fund budget totals $66.2 million,  
          approximately 79 percent of which funds the Bar's attorney  
          disciplinary activities.

          This bill was amended on August 20, 2010 to include provisions  
          relating to the Governance in the Public Interest Task Force,  
          public disclosure of employee salary information, and the  
          Temporary Emergency Legal Services Voluntary Assistance Option.   
          The remaining provisions of this bill regarding 2011 membership  
          dues and the $10 fee for information technology upgrades were  
          heard and approved by this Committee on June 29, 2010. 

                                CHANGES TO EXISTING LAW

          Existing law  requires all attorneys who practice law in  
          California to be members of the State Bar and establishes the  
          State Bar for the purpose of regulating the legal profession.   
          Pursuant to the State Bar Act, the annual mandatory membership  
          fee set by the State Bar's Board of Governors to pay for  
          discipline and other functions must be ratified by the  
          Legislature.  (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6000 et seq.)

           Existing law  provides that the State Bar shall be governed by a  
          23-member Board of Governors (the Board), comprised of 16  
          lawyers elected by members of the Bar from nine specified  
          districts for three-year staggered terms, and six public  
          non-lawyer members, four of whom are appointed by the governor,  
          one who is appointed by the Senate Rules Committee, and one who  
          is appointed by the Speaker of the Assembly. The 23rd member of  
          the Bar Board is its president, who is elected by the other  
          board members to serve a fourth single year.  (Bus. & Prof. Code  
          Sec. 6010 et seq.)

           Existing law  authorizes the State Bar to collect $315 in annual  
          membership fees from active members for a total annual dues bill  
          of $410 for the year 2010.  (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.)  The  
                                                                      



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          other $95 is pursuant to statutory authorization to assess  
          annually the following fees: $40 for the Client Security Fund  
          (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.55); $25 for disciplinary  
          activities (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.6); $10 to fund the  
          Lawyer Assistance Program (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.9); $10  
          special assessment to fund information technology upgrades  
          (expires January 1, 2011) (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.35); and  
          $10 for the Building Fund (expires January 1, 2014) (Bus. &  
          Prof. Code Sec. 6140.3). 

           Existing law  authorizes the State Bar to collect $75 in annual  
          membership fees from inactive members for a total annual dues  
          bill of $125 for the year 2010.  (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6141.)   
          The other $50 is pursuant to statutory authorization to assess  
          annually the following fees: $10 for the Client Security Fund  
          (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.55); $25 for disciplinary  
          activities (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.6); $5 to fund the  
          Lawyer Assistance Program (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.9); and  
          $10 for the Building Fund (expires January 1, 2014) (Bus. &  
          Prof. Code Sec. 6140.3).

           Existing case law  , Keller v. State Bar of California (1990) 496  
          U.S. 1, prohibits the use by the State Bar of mandatory dues to  
          fund political and ideological activities, as a violation of a  
          member's First Amendment freedom of speech rights, where such  
          expenditures were not necessarily or reasonably incurred for the  
          purpose of regulating the legal profession or improving the  
          quality of the legal services available to the people of the  
          state.  Existing law allows members to deduct up to $10 from the  
          mandatory dues if the member does not wish to fund legislative  
          activities and non-Keller lobbying and activities with his or  
          her dues.  (Bus. & Prof. Code Sec. 6140.05, Keller v. State Bar  
          of California (1990) 496 U.S. 1.)  

          This bill  would authorize the State Bar to collect active  
          membership dues of up to $410 for the year 2011.

           This bill  would extend the sunset on the $10 special assessment  
          to fund information technology upgrades to January 1, 2014.

           This bill  would create within the State Bar the Governance in  
          the Public Interest Task Force to be made up of 11 members  
          appointed by the President of the State Bar.  Seven of the  
          members shall be attorney members of the board and three shall  
          be public members.  This bill would require the president to  
          also be a member of the Task Force and to preside over its  
                                                                      



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          meetings. 

           This bill  would require the Task Force, on or before May 15,  
          2011, and every three years thereafter, to submit a report to  
          the Supreme Court, the Governor, and the Senate and Assembly  
          Judiciary Committees containing recommendations for enhancing  
          the protection of the public and ensuring that protection of the  
          public is the highest priority in the licensing, regulation, and  
          discipline of attorneys.  This report is to be reviewed by the  
          Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees in their regular  
          consideration of the annual bar dues bill.  If the task force  
          does not reach a consensus on all recommendations, this bill  
          would provide that the dissenting members may prepare and submit  
          a dissenting report. 

           This bill  would require the State Bar, on or before February 1,  
          2011, to make available upon request the classification and  
          total annual compensation paid to employees as well as any  
          rules, policies, or agreements regarding compensation and  
          benefits of State Bar employees.

          This bill  would create the Temporary Emergency Legal Services  
          Voluntary Assistance Option, directing, until January 1, 2014,  
          $10 of membership dues to legal services purposes, as specified,  
          unless a member elects not to support those activities.  This  
          bill would require that the annual statement sent to each member  
          of the State Bar provide the member with the option of deducting  
          $10 from his or her membership dues if he or she elects not to  
          have this amount allocated to legal services purposes. 


                                        COMMENT
           
           1.Stated need for the bill  

          In support of the bill, the author writes: 

            This non-controversial annual Judiciary Committee bill was  
            recently amended, through close collaboration between both  
            houses of the Legislature, to reinforce the State Bar's  
            commitment to ensure that our legal profession, first and  
            foremost, always focuses its efforts on protecting the public.  
             As newly amended, the bill authorizes the Bar - with the  
            Bar's support - to maintain flat membership dues this coming  
            year at the same levels that have been in place for several  
            years.  Importantly and urgently, the measure will now help to  
                                                                      



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            address the unprecedented funding crisis that has hit  
            California's legal services programs and threatens their very  
            existence and ability to help thousands of low-income  
            Californians seek access to justice.  To help address this  
            "Justice Gap" crisis, the bill will allow-but not require-Bar  
            members to set aside just 2 percent of their dues ($10 out of  
            the current $410 for active members) to help save legal  
            services programs across the state.  And this temporary option  
            is sunsetted in three years.  

            The bill also contains a helpful new Task Force within the  
            Bar, again with the Bar's support, to take helpful stock about  
            what if any structural and other potential improvements might  
            make the Bar's public protection efforts as vigorous as  
            possible.  And finally, the newly amended bill contains a  
            provision to make as transparent as possible the compensation  
            of Bar employees, consistent with the Legislature's ongoing  
            transparency efforts -again with the Bar's full support.   
            Together I, and I know my partner in this effort Chairwoman  
            Corbett, believe these improvements will help strengthen the  
            Bar while urgently addressing our current crisis in legal  
            services funding.    

           2.Governance in the Public Interest Task Force  

          This bill would create the Governance in the Public Interest  
          Task Force in the State Bar.  The task force would be made up of  
          11 members appointed by the President of the State Bar; seven of  
          whom would be attorney members of the board and three of whom  
          would be public members.  On or before May 15, 2011, and every  
          three years thereafter, the task force would be required to  
          submit a report to the Supreme Court, the Governor, and the  
          Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees containing  
          recommendations for enhancing the protection of the public and  
          ensuring that protection of the public is the highest priority  
          in the licensing, regulation, and discipline of attorneys.  

          These provisions were included in this bill in response to  
          concerns that recent actions by the State Bar Board of Governors  
          have not sufficiently taken into account the protection of the  
          public.  For example, in June 2009, the Bar Board approved a  
          scaled-back online "Find a Lawyer" program that critics argued  
          left out important helpful consumer information in response to  
          opposition from local bar associations.  According to the  
          California Bar Journal, the associations "feared [the Find a  
          Lawyer program] would compete with their lawyer referral  
                                                                      



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          services," noting that the chair of the Bar's Family Law Section  
          stated that the associations were simply trying to protect their  
          own financial interests.  ("Board reaches compromise on lawyer  
          search," California Bar Journal, June 2009.)  In another  
          instance, last year the Bar Board nearly voted to oppose two  
          legislative efforts (SB 94 (Calderon, Ch. 630, Stats. 2009) and  
          AB 764 (Nava, 2009)) which addressed attorney participation in  
          foreclosure-related scams.  These important consumer protection  
          measures were intended to assist delinquent homeowners who had  
          fallen victim to abusive loan modification practices.  

          In addition, in June 2009 the Board decision not to reappoint  
          Scott Drexel as Chief Trial Counsel was described as a  
          "personnel and management decision."  Legal press at the time,  
          however, described allegations that Drexel aggressively pursued  
          attorney misconduct.  "Drexel made waves by introducing a  
          controversial rule to allow for permanent disbarment in the most  
          egregious discipline cases and made it tougher for attorneys to  
          resign with charges pending against them.  At Drexel's urging  
          and despite an uproar among attorneys, the State Bar now posts  
          notices of disciplinary charges online." ("State Bar governors  
          oust chief trial counsel," Daily Journal, June 8, 2009.)  
          Finally, the effort to require attorneys to disclose to clients  
          whether they carry malpractice insurance was viewed by  
          proponents as a "public protection measure and a way to provide  
          important information about attorneys to prospective clients."   
          ("Insurance disclosure rule approved," California Bar Journal,  
          October 2009.)  Many felt that the insurance disclosure  
          requirements eventually approved, however, were considerably  
          scaled back after a three-year process.  

          At the same time, the Bar has taken action against attorneys  
          involved in loan modification scams.  In particular, as of July  
          2010, the Bar reports that 13 attorneys involved in loan  
          modification misconduct have resigned, five loan modification  
          trials are pending, and 2,000 related investigations are in  
          progress.  Recently, the Bar secured orders of involuntary  
          inactive enrollment for three attorneys.  

          In addition, recently the Center for Public Interest Law called  
          for a number of reforms "necessary to assure the responsible  
          functioning of [the Bar]."  Those suggestions included: (1)  
          changing the appointment method and composition of the Bar's  
          Board of Governors; (2) providing that the board nominate the  
          Bar's Chief Trial Counsel, subject to final selection by the  
          California Supreme Court and confirmation by the California  
                                                                      



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          State Senate; (3) subjecting the State Bar's board to the  
          Bagley-Keene Open Meeting Act; and (4) reviewing the Bar's  
          Lawyer Assistance Program by an independent audit or abolishing  
          it entirely. 

          It is hoped that through the Governance in the Public Interest  
          Task Force the Supreme Court, Governor, and Legislature will  
          receive helpful suggestions for ways in which public protection  
          may be enhanced with respect to the licensing, regulation, and  
          discipline of California attorneys.  As a result, this bill  
          would provide that the task force report is to be reviewed by  
          the Senate and Assembly Judiciary Committees in their regular  
          consideration of the annual bar dues bill.  In addition, if the  
          task force does not reach a consensus on all recommendations,  
          this bill would provide that the dissenting members may prepare  
          and submit a dissenting report. 

           3.Temporary Emergency Legal Services Voluntary Assistance Option  

          This bill would create the Temporary Emergency Legal Services  
          Voluntary Assistance Option, directing $10 of membership dues to  
          legal services purposes, unless a member elects not to support  
          those activities.  This direction of dues is optional and would  
          expire on January 1, 2014.  The bill would require that the  
          annual membership dues statement sent to each member provide him  
          or her with the option of deducting $10 from his or her  
          membership dues if he or she elects not to have this amount  
          allocated to legal services purposes. 

          Recent numbers indicate that the Bar has nearly $12 million in  
          reserves.  For example, the Bar has $6.4 million in the "Public  
          Protection Reserve Fund" which is designed as its "rainy-day"  
          fund to allow the Bar to continue operations should its dues  
          authority not be continued.  The amount in the fund represents  
          10 percent of 2009 General Fund operating expenses, six percent  
          of total agency-wide operating expenses, and five percent of  
          total agency-wide operating revenues.  At the same time, figures  
          from the Bar indicate that currently it also has $5.5 million in  
          its General Fund reserves projected to grow to $6.1 million in  
          2013.  A proposal to tap into these funds was scheduled to be  
          heard at the Bar's July 2010 Board meeting but was pulled after  
          requests that it be further vetted.  That proposal would have  
          created a "Voluntary Separation Incentive Program," offering  
          employees who agreed to leave one month's salary for each year  
          of service, capped at six months.  According to documents  
          prepared for the July meeting, the "estimated cost of the cash  
                                                                      



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          outs is $1.3 million."

          At the same time, however, funding for legal services has been  
          drastically reduced.  California has traditionally relied on the  
          Interest On Lawyer Trust Accounts (IOLTA) program to fund legal  
          aid programs.  Under that program, attorneys must deposit all  
          client deposits or funds that are nominal in amount or are on  
          deposit or invested for a short period of time into an IOLTA  
          account.  These funds may be deposited or invested in a single  
          unsegregated account, and the interest and dividends earned are  
          required to be paid to the State Bar to be used for programs  
          that provide civil legal services to indigent persons.  Over the  
          last two years, however, revenues from the IOLTA program have  
          decreased 75 percent from $20.1 million in 2007-2008 to an  
          estimated $5 million in the current year 2010-2011.  In  
          addition, donations to the Justice Gap Fund have declined by 40  
          percent over the last three years.  As a result, funding for  
          legal assistance programs has been adversely impacted at the  
          same time that demand for those services has increased: more and  
          more families have been affected by job loss and foreclosures,  
          driving them closer and closer to the poverty line (and  
          therefore eligible for legal aid services).  

          This bill would reduce member bar dues for the next three years  
          by $10 and direct those funds to the State Bar's Legal Services  
          Trust Fund Program for distribution to nonprofit organizations  
          that provide free civil legal services to low-income  
          Californians unless a member does not wish to fund those  
          activities.  This approach mirrors the Keller deduction  
          described earlier which allows members to deduct up to $10 from  
          the mandatory dues if the member does not wish to fund  
          legislative activities and non-Keller lobbying and activities  
          with his or her dues.  

           4.Transparency of salaries   

          In order to provide more transparency, this bill would require  
          the State Bar, on or before February 1, 2011, to make available  
          upon request the classification and total annual compensation  
          paid to employees as well as any rules, policies, or agreements  
          regarding compensation and benefits of State Bar employees.   
          This provision is consistent with the Legislature's efforts to  
          ensure transparency generally and with the Public Records Act  
          requirements imposed on state employees. 

           5.Arguments in support  
                                                                      



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          A number of legal services providers strongly support this  
          measure, writing "[t]he current economic crisis has resulted in  
          significant reductions in almost all sources of funding for  
          legal services nonprofits over the last two years.  . . .   
          Alarmingly, the State Bar of California is projecting potential  
          50% cuts in IOLTA grants for FY 2011-12.  At the same time,  
          legal services nonprofits report steadily increasing demand for  
          their services, as Californians continue to face legal crises  
          relating to the economic downturn, including foreclosure relief  
          scams, elder abuse, and domestic violence.  Reductions in  
          funding are forcing legal services programs to decrease staffing  
          and services at the exact time that Californians need their  
          assistance more than ever."  In addition, the California Rural  
          Legal Assistance Foundation writes that "it is important to note  
          that AB 2764 does not supplant the existing Justice Gap Fund."

          The State Bar of California also writes in support that it  
          appreciates "the consideration and trust given the Bar in the  
          legislative process and the opportunity to self examine the  
          Board's public protection responsibilities and to report its  
          findings to the legislature.  We also agree on transparency of  
          staff salaries and benefits, and welcome the proposal to provide  
          greater financial support to legal services for all  
          Californians." 


           Support  :  State Bar of California; Alliance for Children's  
          Rights; Bet Tzedek Legal Services; California Affordable Housing  
          Law Project; California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation;  
          California Women's Law Center; Central California Legal  
          Services; Community Legal Services in East Palo Alto; Disability  
          Rights California; Disability Rights Legal Center; Harriett  
          Buhai Center for Family Law; HIV and AIDS Legal Services  
          Alliance; Inland Counties Legal Services; Inner City Law Center;  
          Law Foundation of Silicon Valley; Legal Aid Association of  
          California; Legal Aid Foundation of Los Angeles; Legal Aid  
          Foundation of Santa Barbara County; Legal Aid of Marin; Legal  
          Aid of Napa Valley; Legal Aid Society of Orange County; Legal  
          Aid Society of San Diego; Legal Aid Society of San Mateo County;  
          Legal Services of Northern California; Los Angeles Center for  
          Law and Justice; National Health Law Program; National Housing  
          Law Project; Neighborhood Legal Services of Los Angeles County;  
          Pro Bono Project Silicon Valley; Public Interest Clearinghouse;  
          Public Law Center; Public Interest Law Project; San Diego  
          Volunteer Lawyer Program; Senior Citizens Legal Services; Senior  
                                                                                                                                              



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          Law Project; Watsonville Law Center

           Opposition  :  None Known

                                        HISTORY
           
           Source  :  Author

           Related Pending Legislation  :  None Known

           Prior Legislation  : 

          SB 55 (Corbett, Chapter 2, Statutes of 2010)

          SB 641 (Corbett, 2009) vetoed

          AB 3049 (Judiciary, Chapter 165, Statutes of 2008)

          SB 686 (Corbett, Chapter 474, Statutes of 2007)
          AB 1529 (Jones, Chapter 341, Statutes of 2005)

          SB 1490 (Judiciary, Chapter 384, Statutes of 2004)

          AB 1708 (Judiciary, Chapter 334, Statutes of 2003)

          SB 352 (Kuehl, Chapter 24, Statutes of 2001)

          SB 1367 (Schiff, Chapter 118, Statutes of 2000)

          SB 144 (Schiff, Chapter 342, Statutes of 1999)

           Prior Vote  :

          Senate Judiciary Committee (Ayes 4, Noes 0)
          Assembly Floor (Ayes 71, Noes 1)
          Assembly Judiciary Committee (Ayes 10, Noes 0)

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