BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






                         SENATE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION
                              Gloria Romero, Chair
                           2009-2010 Regular Session
                                        

          BILL NO:       SB 416
          AUTHOR:        Florez
          AMENDED:       April 22, 2009
          FISCAL COMM:   Yes            HEARING DATE:  April 29, 2009
          URGENCY:       No             CONSULTANT:    Lynn Lorber

           SUBJECT  :  Meat Products: antibiotics.
          
           SUMMARY  

          This bill, among other things, prohibits schools from  
          serving poultry and meat products treated with  
          non-therapeutic antibiotics to pupils, beginning January 1,  
          2012.

           BACKGROUND  

          Current law:

          1)   Requires all public school districts and county  
               superintendents of education to make available one  
               nutritionally adequate meal, defined as a meal that  
               qualifies for reimbursement under the National School  
               Lunch Program, to each needy student every school day  
               and authorizes a child nutrition entity to apply to  
               the California Department of Education (CDE) for all  
               available federal and state funds.  

          2)   Establishes the per meal reimbursement rate for free  
               and reduced-price meals at $0.2195 for schools that do  
               not serve free- and reduced-price meals containing  
               trans fat or that have been fried.  Schools that serve  
               free- and reduced-price meals that contain trans fat  
               or that have been fried do not receive any  
               reimbursement for those meals served.  The state does  
               not provide any reimbursement for meals paid at full  
               price.  

          3)   Requires, as a condition of receiving reimbursement  
               for free and reduced price meals, schools and school  
               districts to:




                                                                SB 416
                                                                Page 2




               a)        Not sell or serve food that has been deep  
                    fried, par fried, or flash fried by a school or  
                    school district.

               b)        Not sell or serve a food item containing  
                    artificial trans fat.

               c)        Not sell or serve a food item that, as part  
                    of the manufacturing process, has been deep  
                    fried, par fried or flash fried in a prohibited  
                    oil or fat (prohibits the use of palm, coconut,  
                    palm kernel, and lard.

          4)   Restricts food sold via vending machine or food  
               service establishment that contains artificial trans  
               fat.  

          5)   Restricts the type of beverages sold during certain  
               times of the day at school.  

          According to the Senate Food and Agriculture Committee  
          analysis of this bill, current law:

          1)   Specifies that the California Department of Food and  
               Agriculture (CDFA) is responsible for the enforcement  
               of regulations relating to the sale, manufacture, and  
               use of livestock drugs in California.  

          2)   Identifies specific "restricted drugs" which might  
               present a hazard to human health if administered  
               directly to humans or if improperly administered to  
               livestock is dangerous to the health of the livestock  
               or to humans who consumer the products from the  
               livestock.  Restricted drugs must be sold from a  
               CDFA-licensed business.  A licensed facility may be  
               inspected by CDFA for proper storage and handling.   
               CDFA may restrict what drugs may be sold by the  
               business.  Licensed businesses must maintain records  
               of the quantity of restricted drugs sold, date of  
               sale, purchaser, and other information.  The list of  
               "restricted drugs" includes all of the following:  

               a)        Arsenic compounds and preparations.

               b)        Diethylstilbestrol and other substances  




                                                                SB 416
                                                                Page 3



                    which have a hormone like action.

               c)        Antibiotic preparations, and other drugs and  
                    their preparations which CDFA determines are  
                    hazardous to the health of livestock or public  
                    safety.  

           ANALYSIS
           
           This bill  prohibits schools from serving poultry and meat  
          products treated with non-therapeutic antibiotics to  
          pupils, beginning January 1, 2012.  Specifically, this  
          bill:

          1)   Prohibits schools or school districts from serving  
               poultry or meat products treated with non-therapeutic  
               antibiotics to pupils, beginning January 1, 2012.

          2)   Prohibits the use of antibiotics for non-therapeutic  
               use in any animal raised for human consumption,  
               beginning January 1, 2015.



          3)   Requires all state and local government personnel  
               responsible for purchasing meat products for human  
               consumption to always prefer meat supplies produced  
               without the use of medically important antibiotics as  
               feed additives.

          4)   Defines "antibiotic" as any drug intended for use in  
               food-producing animals that is composed wholly or  
               partly of either of the following:

               a)        Any kind of penicillin, tetracycline,  
                    macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin,  
                    minoglycoside, or sulfonamide.

               b)        Any other drug or derivative of a drug that  
                    is used in humans or intended for use in humans  
                    to treat or prevent disease or infection caused  
                    by micro-organisms.

          5)   Defines "non-therapeutic use," with respect to  
               antibiotics, as any use of the drug as a feed or water  
               additive for an animal in the absence of any clinical  




                                                                SB 416
                                                                Page 4



               sign of disease in the animal for growth promotion,  
               feed efficiency, weight gain, routine disease  
               prevention, or other routine purpose.

           STAFF COMMENTS  

           1)   How will schools know  ?  Schools purchase food products  
               from many sources.  Most schools participate in the  
               United States Department of Agriculture commodity  
               program, whereby schools purchase surplus food from a  
               list of available commodities.  Schools that purchase  
               meat products directly from a vendor should be able to  
               determine whether those products where treated with  
               non-therapeutic antibiotics, but it may not be as easy  
               for schools that purchase commodity meat.  How will  
               schools know if commodities have been treated with  
               non-therapeutic antibiotics? 

           2)   Cost  .  It is possible that poultry and meat that has  
               not been treated with non-therapeutic antibiotics will  
               be more expensive to purchase.  Will schools be able  
               to absorb any increased costs?

           3)   Alternative approach  .  As an alternative to  
               prohibiting schools from serving poultry and meat that  
               has been treated with non-therapeutic antibiotics,  
               staff recommends amendments to instead require schools  
               to make every effort to purchase poultry and meat  
               products that have not been treated with  
               non-therapeutic antibiotics.  Further, schools that  
               purchase poultry or meat products that are not free of  
               non-therapeutic antibiotics, or if the school does not  
               know if the products are free of these antibiotics,  
               would be required to report to the Superintendent of  
               Public Instruction the reasons for such a purchase (no  
               other product could be found, other products were too  
               expensive, or if the school could not determine if the  
               product had been treated with non-therapeutic  
               antibiotics), a list of products purchased, from which  
               companies the products were purchased, how much they  
               cost, and how much an alternative product would have  
               cost.  The Superintendent of Public Instruction would  
               then compile this information and report to the  
               Legislature on the feasibility of phasing in a  
               prohibition on food treated with non-therapeutic  
               antibiotics.




                                                                SB 416
                                                                Page 5




           4)   Double-referred  .  This bill was heard by Senate Food  
               and Agriculture Committee on April 21, and passed on a  
               3-1 vote.

           SUPPORT 

          Animal Place
          Breast Cancer Action
          California Political Action Committee for Animals (Paw PAC)
          Center for Food Safety
          Consumers Union
          Food & Water Watch

           OPPOSITION

            Agricultural Council of California
          Alliance of Western Milk Producers
          Alpharma Animal Health
           Animal Health Institute
           California Cattlemen's Association
          California Chamber of Commerce
          California Dairies, Inc.
          California Dairy Campaign 
          California Farm Bureau Federation
           California Farm Bureau Federation 
           California Grain and Feed Association
          California Pork Producers Association
          California Poultry Federation (CPF)
           California Teamsters Public Affairs Council
          California Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA)
           California Women for Agriculture
           Center for Food Safety
           Central Coast Fryer Farms Inc.
          Foster Poultry Farms
          Land O'Lakes, Inc.
          Milk Producers Council (MPC)
          Neighbor Market Association (NMA)
          Pacific Egg and Poultry Association
           Pitman Farms
           Squab Producers of California
          UFCW 8-Golden State
           United Food & Commercial Workers Western States Council
           Western United Dairymen  (WUD)  
           Willie Bird Turkeys
           Woodland Farms  




                                                                SB 416
                                                                Page 6



          Zacky Farms