BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                             Senator Mark Leno, Chair                S
                             2009-2010 Regular Session               B

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          SB 434 (Benoit)                                             
          As Amended April 2, 2009 
          Hearing date:  April 14, 2009
          Penal Code
          SM:br


              CELL PHONES AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES IN PRISONS  


                                       HISTORY

          Source:  California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

          Prior Legislation: SB 1730 (Padilla) - 2008, died on suspense in  
                       Senate Appropriations 
                       SB 1267 (Leslie) - 2006, died on suspense in Senate  
                       Appropriations 
                       SB 1831 (Margett) - 2006, died in Senate Public  
          Safety 

          Support: Taxpayers for Improving Public Safety; California  
                   Correctional Supervisors Organization; California  
                   Correctional Peace Officers Association; Association of  
                   California Cities Allied with Prison

          Opposition:None known


                                        KEY ISSUES
           
          HOW ARE CELL PHONES BEING SMUGGLED INTO PRISONS?





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                                                            SB 434 (Benoit)
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          DOES THIS BILL ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF CELL PHONE SMUGGLING AT ITS  
          SOURCE?

          DOES THIS BILL ADEQUATELY PROTECT AGAINST INADVERTENT POSSESSION OF  
          CELL PHONES BY PRISON VISITORS?





                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to provide that except as  
          authorized, (1) any inmate or ward who possesses any cellular  
          telephone or other wireless communication device or (2) any  
          person, except as provided, who possesses with the intent to  
          deliver, or delivers, to an inmate or ward in the custody of the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), any  
          cellular telephone or other wireless communication device, is  
          guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine not to exceed  
          $5000; (3) notwithstanding the provisions stated above, when any  
          person visiting an inmate in the custody of the CDCR who, upon  
          being searched or subjected to a metal detector, is found to be  
          in possession of a cellular telephone or other wireless  
          communication device, that device shall be subject to  
          confiscation; and (4) notice of this provision shall be posted  
          in all areas where visitors are searched prior to visitation  
          with an inmate in the custody of the Department of Corrections  
          and Rehabilitation.
          
           Existing law  provides the conditions under which inmates in  
          state prisons may make telephone calls.  CDCR is required to  
          provide inmate telephones for use by general population inmates.  
           Inmates may place collect telephone calls to persons outside  
          the facility at designated times and on designated telephones,  
          as set forth in local procedures.  Limitations may be placed on  
          the frequency and length of such calls based on the inmate's  
          privilege group as specified, and to ensure equal access.  (15  
          Cal. Code of Regs.  3282(b).)





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           Existing law  provides that inmates may possess only the personal  
          property, materials, supplies, items, commodities and  
          substances, up to the maximum amount, received or obtained from  
          authorized sources, as permitted in these regulations.   
          Possession of contraband as defined in Section 3000 may result  
          in disciplinary action and confiscation of the contraband.  (15  
          Cal. Code of Regs.  3006.)

           Existing law  defines "contraband" in a prison as "anything which  
          is not permitted, in excess of the maximum quantity permitted,  
          or received or obtained from an unauthorized source."  (15 Cal.  
          Code of Regs.  3000.)
           
          Existing law  provides that, for every six months of full-time  
          performance in a credit qualifying program, as designated by  
          the director, a prisoner shall be awarded worktime credit  
          reductions from his or her term of confinement of six months.   
          (Penal Code  2933 (a).)

           Existing law  states that worktime credit is a privilege, not a  
          right.  Worktime credit must be earned and may be forfeited, as  
          specified.  (Penal Code  2933 (b).)




           


          Existing law  provides that, under regulations adopted by the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, which shall  
          require a period of not more than one year free of disciplinary  
          infractions, worktime credit which has been previously  
          forfeited may be restored by the director.  The regulations  
          shall provide for separate classifications of serious  
          disciplinary infractions as they relate to restoration of  
          credits, the time period required before forfeited credits or a  
          portion thereof may be restored, and the percentage of  
          forfeited credits that may be restored for these time periods.   
          (Penal Code  2933 (b).)




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           Existing law  provides, for credits forfeited for commission of  
          specified felonies, the Department of Corrections and  
          Rehabilitation may provide that up to 180 days of lost credit  
          shall not be restored and up to 90 days of credit shall not be  
          restored for a forfeiture resulting from conspiracy or attempts  
          to commit one of those acts.  No credits may be restored if they  
          were forfeited for a serious disciplinary infraction in which  
          the victim died or was permanently disabled.  (Penal Code  2933  
          (c).)

           Existing law  provides that, upon application of the prisoner  
          and following completion of the required time period free of  
          disciplinary offenses, forfeited credits eligible for  
          restoration under the regulations for disciplinary offenses  
          other than serious disciplinary infractions punishable by a  
          credit loss of more than 90 days shall be restored unless, at  
          a hearing, it is found that the prisoner refused to accept or  
          failed to perform in a credit qualifying assignment, or  
          extraordinary circumstances are present that require that  
          credits not be restored.  "Extraordinary circumstances" shall  
          be defined in the regulations adopted by the director.   
          However, in any case in which worktime credit was forfeited  
          for a serious disciplinary infraction punishable by a credit  
          loss of more than 90 days, restoration of credit shall be at  
          the discretion of the director.  (Penal Code  2933 (c).)

           Existing law  provides that, notwithstanding any other law,  
          any person who is convicted of a serious felony, as defined,  
          shall accrue no more than 15% of worktime credit.  (Penal  
          Code  2933.1 (a).)

           Existing law  provides that up to 180 days of credit may be  
          denied or lost for a single act of misconduct, except for  
          specified violent felonies, which could be prosecuted as a  
          felony whether or not prosecution is undertaken.  (Penal Code   
          2932 (a)(2).)

           Existing law  provides that up to 90 days of credit may be denied  
          or lost for a single act of misconduct which could be prosecuted  




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          as a misdemeanor, whether or not prosecution is undertaken.   
          (Penal Code  2932 (a)(3).)




           Existing law  provides that up to 30 days of credit may be  
          denied or lost for a single act of misconduct defined by  
          regulation as a serious disciplinary offense by the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.  Any person  
          confined due to a change in custodial classification  
          following the commission of any serious disciplinary  
          infraction shall, in addition to any loss of time credits, be  
          ineligible to receive participation or worktime credit for a  
          period not to exceed the number of days of credit which have  
          been lost for the act of misconduct or 180 days, whichever is  
          less.  (Penal Code  2932 (a)(4).)

           Existing law  provides that any procedure not provided for  
          by this section, but necessary to carry out the purposes of  
          this section, shall be those procedures provided for by the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation for serious  
          disciplinary infractions if those procedures are not in  
          conflict with this section.  (Penal Code  2932 (c).)

           This bill  provides that, except as otherwise authorized by law,  
          or when authorized by the person in charge of the prison or  
          other institution subject to this section, or by an officer of  
          the institution empowered to give that authorization, except as  
          noted below, any inmate or ward who possesses any cellular  
          telephone or other wireless communication device or any person  
          who possesses with the intent to deliver, or delivers, to an  
          inmate or ward in the custody of the Department of Corrections  
          and Rehabilitation, any cellular telephone or other wireless  
          communication device, is guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by  
          a fine not to exceed $5000.

           This bill  provides that, notwithstanding the provisions stated  
          above, when any person visiting an inmate in the custody of the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation who, upon being  




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          searched or subjected to a metal detector, is found to be in  
          possession of a cellular telephone or other wireless  
          communication device, that device shall be subject to  
          confiscation.  Notice of this provision shall be posted in all  
          areas where visitors are searched prior to visitation with an  
          inmate in the custody of the Department of Corrections and  
          Rehabilitation.

                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
          
          California continues to face a severe prison overcrowding  
          crisis.  The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)  
          currently has about 170,000 inmates under its jurisdiction.  Due  
          to a lack of traditional housing space available, the department  
          houses roughly 15,000 inmates in gyms and dayrooms.   
          California's prison population has increased by 125% (an average  
          of 4% annually) over the past 20 years, growing from 76,000  
          inmates to 171,000 inmates, far outpacing the state's population  
          growth rate for the age cohort with the highest risk of  
          incarceration.<1>



          In December of 2006 plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against  
          CDCR sought a court-ordered limit on the prison population  
          pursuant to the federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On  
          February 9, 2009, the three-judge federal court panel issued a  
          tentative ruling that included the following conclusions with  
          respect to overcrowding:

               No party contests that California's prisons are  
               overcrowded, however measured, and whether considered  
               in comparison to prisons in other states or jails  
               ----------------------
          <1>  "Between 1987 and 2007, California's population of ages 15  
          through 44 - the age cohort with the highest risk for  
          incarceration - grew by an average of less than 1% annually,  
          which is a pace much slower than the growth in prison  
          admissions."  (2009-2010 Budget Analysis Series, Judicial and  
          Criminal Justice, Legislative Analyst's Office (January 30,  
          2009).)



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               within this state.  There are simply too many  
               prisoners for the existing capacity.  The Governor,  
               the principal defendant, declared a state of emergency  
               in 2006 because of the "severe overcrowding" in  
               California's prisons, which has caused "substantial  
               risk to the health and safety of the men and women who  
               work inside these prisons and the inmates housed in  
               them."  . . .  A state appellate court upheld the  
               Governor's proclamation, holding that the evidence  
               supported the existence of conditions of "extreme  
               peril to the safety of persons and property."  
               (citation omitted)  The Governor's declaration of the  
               state of emergency remains in effect to this day.

               . . . the evidence is compelling that there is no  
               relief other than a prisoner release order that will  
               remedy the unconstitutional prison conditions.

               . . .

               Although the evidence may be less than perfectly  
               clear, it appears to the Court that in order to  
               alleviate the constitutional violations California's  
               inmate population must be reduced to at most 120% to  
               145% of design capacity, with some institutions or  
               clinical programs at or below 100%.  We caution the  
               parties, however, that these are not firm figures and  
               that the Court reserves the right - until its final  
               ruling - to determine that a higher or lower figure is  
               appropriate in general or in particular types of  
               facilities.

               . . .

               Under the PLRA, any prisoner release order that we  
               issue will be narrowly drawn, extend no further than  
               necessary to correct the violation of constitutional  
               rights, and be the least intrusive means necessary to  
               correct the violation of those rights.  For this  
               reason, it is our present intention to adopt an order  




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               requiring the State to develop a plan to reduce the  
               prison population to 120% or 145% of the prison's  
               design capacity (or somewhere in between) within a  
               period of two or three years.<2>


          The final outcome of the panel's tentative decision, as well as  
          any appeal that may be in response to the panel's final  
          decision, is unknown at the time of this writing.

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding  
          crisis outlined above.

                                      COMMENTS

          1.  Need for the Bill  

          According to the author:

               Currently, there is no specific penalty against  
               prisoners, or their criminal syndicate that work to  
               smuggle cell phones into prisons.

               Over the past several years more and more cell phones  
               have been found in California prisons.  In 2008 alone,  
               there were over 2800 cell phones confiscated from  
               State prisoners.  Inmates smuggle these into prison or  
               coax others to sneak the phones in for them when they  
               come to visit.

               With cell phones in their possession, prisoners can  
               utilize them to call in crimes, plan escapes, organize  
               riots, or simply communicate with other prisoners with  
               cell phones.
               ----------------------
          <2>  Three Judge Court Tentative Ruling, Coleman v.  
          Schwarzenegger, Plata v. Schwarzenegger, in the United States  
          District Courts for the Eastern District of California and the  
          Northern District of California United States District Court  
          composed of three judges pursuant to Section 2284, Title 28  
          United States Code (Feb. 9, 2009).



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               Smuggled cell phones empower dangerous gangs,  
               including organized criminal networks, which are  
               deeply rooted in our prison system.  With such a  
               strong increase in violent crimes committed over the  
               past few months, it is important to ensure that our  
               prisons are free of cell phones which can be used to  
               call in kidnappings, thefts, and mass murders.

               Current law (SB 655, 2007) makes it a misdemeanor,  
               with a fine of less than $1000, for the unauthorized  
               possession of a cell phone in county jail only.

               SB 434 would remedy this deficiency in state law by  
               making it a misdemeanor, with a maximum $5000 fine,  
               for a prisoner to possess a cell phone in any state  
               prison.  Furthermore, SB 434 would make it a  
               misdemeanor for any individual to attempt to smuggle a  
               cell phone into a state prison.

          2.  The Problem of Cell Phones in Prison  

          Cell phones in a prison pose an obvious security threat.  While  
          many inmates might try to gain access to a cell phone just to  
          communicate with friends or family members, other uses could  
          include gang-related activity ranging from drug dealing to  
          murder.  CDCR has provided the following data to indicate the  
          number of cell phones recovered in state prisons in the last  
          three years:

           ------------------------------ 
          |INSTITUTI| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
          |   ON    |      |      |      |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |ASP      |  3   |  34  | 393  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CAL      |  2   |  16  | 103  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CCC      |  4   |  3   |  1   |
          |---------+------+------+------|




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          |CCI      |  1   |  2   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CCWF     |  0   |  1   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CEN      |  0   |  2   |  42  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CIM      |  3   |  6   |  26  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CIW      |  1   |  2   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CMC      |  0   |  10  |  14  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CMF      |  1   |  7   |  28  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |COR      |  0   |  5   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CRC      |  5   |  8   | 124  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CTF      |  45  | 130  | 315  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |CVSP     |  1   |  47  | 155  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |DVI      |  0   |  1   |  5   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |FSP      |  0   |  17  | 144  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |HDSP     |  1   |  1   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |ISP      |  3   |  4   | 173  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |KVSP     |  10  |  31  |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |LAC      |  0   |  1   |  11  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |MCSP     |  0   |  0   |  1   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |NKSP     |  0   |  2   |  4   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |PBSP     |  0   |  2   |  0   |
          |---------+------+------+------|




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          |PVSP     |  4   |  5   |  10  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |RJD      |  0   |  4   |  27  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SAC      |  29  |  12  |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SATF     |  1   |  6   |  31  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SCC      |  20  |  30  |  59  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SOL      | 102  | 553  | 801  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SQ       |  5   |  9   |  11  |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |SVSP     |  20  |  31  |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |VSPW     |  0   |  8   |  -   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |WSP      |  0   |  2   |  0   |
          |---------+------+------+------|
          |  TOTAL  | 261  | 992  |2629  |
           ------------------------------ 
          These data indicate a growing problem.  They also indicate that  
          well over half of all cell phones confiscated (1509 out of 2629)  
          have been discovered at three prisons, Solano (SOL), Soledad  
          (CTF) and Avenal (ASP).  As is detailed below, a large  
          percentage of the overall number of phones confiscated may be  
          attributable to one staff member at the prison in Solano.

          WHY IS THERE SUCH A DISPARITY BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF CELL PHONES  
          DISCOVERED AT DIFFERENT PRISONS?

          3.  How Cell Phones are Getting into Prisons  

          On June 27, 2007, the Senate Rules Committee held confirmation  
          hearings for then-CDCR Secretary James Tilton and Undersecretary  
          Kingston "Bud" Prunty.  At that hearing Committee member Senator  
          Padilla asked Secretary Tilton to respond to a letter he had  
          Secretary Tilton send earlier regarding the problem of cell  
          phones in prisons.  Mr. Tilton stated:




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              It's a significant problem, and not just in California,  
              but around the nation.  I spent last weekend with my  
              peers from around the country, and that was one of our  
              topics there.

              We have one institution, for example, down in Solano  
              that we have . . . I just looked at a period of . . . I  
              can't remember the period, but we had over 600 phones  
              that we found, over 300 of those were at Solano.

              Now we need to track what's bringing them in, whether  
              it's visitors or staff.  But I do know in that  
              institution we caught staff bringing them in.

          Senator Padilla questioned Undersecretary Prunty on the source  
          of contraband cell phones:

              SENATOR PADILLA:  And so again, the question I asked a  
              minute ago, do we have a sense yet for how much it  
              varies from facility to facility as to whether it's the  
              personnel bringing the phones into the prison, or it's  
              visitors bringing the cell phones into the prison?

              MR. PRUNTY:  I cannot tell you how many can be  
              attributed to visitors.  I don't . . . we haven't been  
              (able) to determine that yet.

              We do know of the ones we were able to investigate, the  
              majority were brought in by staff.

          4.  How to Prevent Cell Phones from Getting into Prisons  

          At that same hearing, when Senator Padilla asked Secretary  
                                                             Tilton for his recommendations as to what measures could be  
          taken to crack down on cell phones in prison, Secretary Tilton  
          mentioned ". . . if we can find some technology that's not too  
          expensive . . ."

              SENATOR PADILLA:  Funny you should mention that.




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              I mean, when I asked the same question to the Associate  
              Directors a few weeks ago, the responses were  
              basically, we need to make the penalties tougher.   
              Right now if it's a visitor, they lose their visitation  
              rights.  If it's personnel, someone, a member of our  
              personnel, then they lose their job.

              But that's all predicated on finding them, as you said.  
               That's the challenge.

              I mean, any member of the public who comes into this  
              Capitol has to walk through a metal detector.  Any of  
              us who flies a commercial airplane in the United  
              States, or anywhere in the world, has to go through a  
              metal detector.  To go to any significant sporting  
              event nowadays, we're going through metal detectors.   
              We're searched.  Our bags or purses and pockets are  
              searched.

              Is there not an equally strict search or metal  
              detection infrastructure for visitors in our prisons?

              MR. PRUNTY:  For visitors, yes.

              We have not required our staff to all be processed  
              through the metal detectors.  And the statistics show  
              of the cell phones found . . . and, by the way, it  
              isn't a thousand.  It's about 550, somewhere in that  
              range, but it seems it's an awful lot - two-thirds of  
              those were found at one institution, and we found that  
              that was probably the product of a particular  
              individual.

              We probably need to take a look at that, at our  
              policies and how we do screening for everyone that  
              comes inside, because there is evidence that some of  
              our own staff . . . 

              SENATOR PADILLA:  I was going to say, and you say for  




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              everyone that comes inside.

              The question I asked had to do with the visitors; the  
              follow-up was with personnel because . . .

              MR. PRUNTY:  Yes.

              SENATOR PADILLA:  Again, Associate Director said it's  
              not just visitors that's the problem; it's our own  
              staff.

              So, does staff have to go through the same level of  
              detection and search?

              MR. PRUNTY:  As of today, no, sir, they don't.

              SENATOR PADILLA:  Should they?

              MR. PRUNTY:  If we're going to detect contraband up to  
              the highest degree - and as you mentioned, everybody  
              that comes into this building certainly has to go  
              through a metal detector - that policy certainly needs  
              to be revisited.  And I would suggest that it's not a  
              bad policy to pursue.

          The testimony of the Secretary and Undersecretary of CDCR  
          established that visitors to state prisons must go through metal  
          detectors and, despite speculation that cell phones are  
          nonetheless somehow being smuggled-in by visitors, CDCR has not  
          documented any such incidents.  The testimony further revealed  
          that prison staff are not required to go through metal detectors  
          and staff have been caught smuggling cells phones into prisons.   
          In one prison, it appears, one staff person smuggled in nearly  
          one-third of all cell phones discovered in the entire state  
          prison system.  Undersecretary Prunty testified that requiring  
          staff to go through metal detectors would be ". . . not a bad  
          policy to pursue."

          In 2008, Senator Padilla introduced SB 1730, which would have  
          required all persons entering a state correctional facility to  




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          be screened through a metal-detector.  That bill passed this  
          Committee and was held on suspense in the Senate Appropriations  
          Committee.

          An alternative to requiring all staff to go through metal  
          detectors every day is periodic but unannounced inspections of  
          staff.  Such an inspection recently took place at Avenal State  
          Prison.  Although only one-third of the staff at the prison was  
          subjected to that inspection, it nevertheless resulted in the  
          discovery of 13 cell phones. 

              [Warden James] Hartley said staff members accepted the  
              unannounced search.  "They understand the need for us  
              keeping this place clean," he said.  The California  
              Correctional Peace Officers Association backs such  
              staff searches, association spokesman Ryan Sherman  
              said.  But the prison needs to assign enough staff so  
              security lines don't back up and make employees late  
              for work, he said.  Sherman did not hear of any  
              problems in Avenal, but he said a similar search  
              created delays at Folsom State Prison.  (Search of  
              Avenal Prison Workers Finds Contraband,  Fresno Bee  ,  
              March 12, 2009.   
               http://www.fresnobee.com/local/story/1259050.html  )

          Lastly, in the Rules Committee hearing discussed above,  
          then-CDCR Secretary Tilton mentioned the possibility of a  
          technological fix.  A solution that involves targeted electronic  
          jamming of cell phones in prisons is the subject of much  
          interest around the country.  Two bills currently pending in  
          Congress, S 231 (Hutchinson), the "Safe Prison Communications  
          Act of 2009" and its companion HR 560 (Brady), would amend the  
          Federal Communications Act to "permit targeted interference with  
          mobile radio services within prison facilities."  According to  
          the Web site for the National Conference of State Legislatures:

            HR 560 amends Section 333 of the Communications Act of  
            1943 (47 U.S.C. 333) and adds a waiver provision,  
            allowing the installation of jamming devices in a  
            prison (or other correctional facility) for 10 years.   




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            The Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons or the  
            Governor must petition the Federal Communications  
            Commission (FCC) for this waiver or its renewal after  
            10 years.  The FCC will not charge a fee for this  
            petition.  The FCC must provide copies of received  
            petitions to commercial mobile service providers in the  
            relevant area and maintain a public database record of  
            received petitions.  Once a waiver is granted to a  
            particular prison facility, it is not transferable to  
            any other facility.
            (  http://www.ncsl.org/standcomm/sclaw/hr560summary.htm  )

          While this could be a promising solution, the feasibility and  
          cost of technology that would permit cell phone jamming within a  
          precise geographic area is not clear at this time.  According to  
          the Washington Post, corrections officials in the District of  
          Columbia planned a test of such technology but this had to be  
          "put on hold" due to a legal challenge.  Similar tests have  
          taken place in Texas and South Carolina, but the results are  
          unknown.
          (  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/31/AR2 
          009013101548_2.html  )

          HOW ARE CELL PHONES GETTING INTO PRISONS?

          5.  What This Bill Would Do  

          This bill would make possession by an inmate or ward or  
          possession with the intent to distribute a cell phone or other  
          wireless communication device to an inmate or ward in a state  
          correctional institution by anyone, except as explained below, a  
          misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $5000.

          In the case of a person visiting an inmate who is found to be in  
          possession of a cell phone or wireless communication device,  
          that device will be subject to confiscation.  Warnings to that  
          effect would be required to be posted in visiting areas.

          The approach taken in this bill accomplishes several objectives.  
           To adequately address the very real problem of cell phones in  




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          prison, it is necessary to intercept them at their source.  All  
          indications are that the primary source of cell phones being  
          smuggled into prisons is prison staff.  CDCR has informed  
          Committee staff that prison staff found to have been smuggling  
          in cell phones are, in some cases, not sufficiently deterred by  
          the mere threat of losing their job.  The motive appears to be  
          financial and the penalty this bill applies, a criminal  
          conviction and a fine of $5000, will provide a strong financial  
          deterrent to anyone considering this behavior.  When a fine of  
          $5000 is imposed on a criminal defendant, the plethora of  
          penalty assessments applied to all criminal fines currently  
          amount to approximately 280% of the fine amount.  Therefore the  
          actual cost to a person fined $5000 would be approximately  
          $19,000.






























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          As for the prisoner found in possession of a cell phone, in  
          addition to the financial penalty, because this would now  
          constitute a misdemeanor, CDCR would be authorized to add up to  
          three months additional prison time to the inmate's sentence,  
          whether or not the crime was actually prosecuted in court.   
          (Penal Code  2932 (a)(3).)  The inmate may earn this time back  
          by staying discipline-free for a prescribed period.  (Penal Code  
           2933 (c).)

          This bill provides an exception for family and friends who go to  
          an institution to visit an inmate and, while being searched or  
          run through a metal detector, are found to have a cell phone in  
          their possession.  As Undersecretary Prunty testified, family  
          members of inmates, unlike CDCR staff, currently must go through  
          metal detectors before entering a prison.  Unlike other forms of  
          contraband such as controlled substances, cell phones have  
          become a staple of modern life.  Many if not most adults now  
          carry a cell phone and even children are carrying them in  
          increasing numbers.  Just as is the case with people being  
          screened at airports or at the Capitol Building itself,  
          inevitably a certain number people being screened will, despite  
          posted instructions, inadvertently leave a cell phone on their  
          person causing the metal detector to sound an alert.

          Visitors are currently prohibited from bringing cell phones into  
          prison, and a violation may result in the visitor being banned  
          from further visits.  This bill would add to that penalty the  
          cost of having the cell phone potentially confiscated.

          Visiting a family member in prison is never an easy task.  The  
          inmate and all adult visitors must fill out and sign a  
          questionnaire and mail it to the prison staff.  The prison  
          staff must then approve the questionnaire before the visitor  
          may visit.  This should take approximately 30 working days.   
          (CDCR Inmate Visiting Guidelines,  
           http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Visitors/docs/InmateVisitingGuidelines.p 
          df  .)  Visiting family members often have to travel hundreds of  
          miles to the remote locations where prisons are located and  




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          wait for hours to be processed in for a visit that may be  
          called off at the last minute or cut short for a variety of  
          reasons unrelated to the inmate or the visitor.  And yet,  
          experts agree about the importance of inmates maintaining ties  
          to their families as a critical aspect of any rehabilitation  
          efforts.

          The Committee has been presented no evidence of visitors who are  
          properly screened through metal detectors being responsible for  
          the problem of cell phones getting into prisons.  In light of  
          the inevitable unintended consequence of visitors being held  
          criminally liable for an inadvertence if this exception were not  
          present, the exception for properly screened visitors contained  
          in this bill appears consistent with the objective of the bill:   
          protecting the security of the institutions and the safety of  
          staff and inmates.

          DOES THIS BILL ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF STOPPING CELL PHONE  
          SMUGGLING AT ITS SOURCE?

          DOES THIS BILL ADEQUATELY PROTECT AGAINST THE PROBLEM OF  
          INADVERTENT CELL PHONE POSSESSION BY VISITORS? 

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