BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                             Senator Mark Leno, Chair                S
                             2009-2010 Regular Session               B

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          SB 774 (Ashburn)                                            
          As Amended April 14, 2009 
          Hearing date:  April 21, 2009
          Welfare and Institutions Code
          MK:br



                          SOCIAL WORKERS:  BACKGROUND CHECKS  


                                       HISTORY

          Source:  Author

          Prior Legislation: None

          Support: California Welfare Directors Association (if amended)

          Opposition:None known


                                        KEY ISSUES
           
          SHOULD A COUNTY BE REQUIRED TO HAVE A CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK DONE  
          BEFORE HIRING A PERSON FOR A POSITION AS A COUNTY CHILD PROTECTIVE  
          SERVICE SOCIAL WORKER WHO WILL BE ASSIGNED EMERGENCY RESPONSE,  
          FAMILY MAINTENANCE, FAMILY REUNIFICATION, PERMANENT PLACEMENT, OR  
          ADOPTION RESPONSIBILITIES?

          IF A COUNTY FINDS THAT A PERSON HAS BEEN CONVICTED OF SPECIFIED  
          OFFENSES, SHOULD THE COUNTY NOT HIRE THE PERSON OR TERMINATE A  
          PERSON WHO IS ALREADY EMPLOYED?




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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to require a county to do a criminal  
          background check on people being hired to be a county child  
          protective service social worker who will be assigned emergency  
          response, family maintenance, family reunification, permanent  
          placement, or adoption responsibilities and to prohibit the  
          hiring or retention of employees who have been convicted of  
          specified offenses.

           Existing law  provides for statewide coordinated training  
          programs to meet the needs of county child protective service  
          social workers assigned to emergency response, family  
          maintenance, family reunification, permanent placement, and  
          adoption responsibilities.  (Welfare and Institutions Code   
          16206.)

           Existing law  provides that the Attorney General shall maintain  
          summary criminal history information and shall furnish the  
          information to specified persons including any city or county,  
          city and county, district, or any officer or official thereof  
          if access is needed in order to assist that agency, officer,  
          or official in fulfilling employment, certification, or  
          licensing duties, and if the access is specifically authorized  
          by the city council, board of supervisors, or governing board  
          of the city, county , or district if the criminal history  
          information is required to implement a statute, ordinance, or  
          regulation that expressly refers to specific criminal conduct  
          applicable to the subject person of the state summary criminal  
          history information, and contains the requirements or  
          exclusions, or both, expressly based upon that specified  
          criminal conduct.  (Penal Code  11105 (b)(11).)
          
          This bill  provides that before hiring a person for a position as  
          a county child protective service social worker who will be  
          assigned emergency response, family maintenance, family  




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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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          reunification, permanent placement, or adoption  
          responsibilities, the county shall secure from an appropriate  
          law enforcement agency a criminal history to determine if the  
          applicant has ever been convicted of assault with a deadly  
          weapon, felony spousal abuse, a registerable sex offense or  
          child endangerment.

           This bill  provides that the criminal history information shall  
          include the applicant's full criminal record, if any, and  
          subsequent arrest information.

           This bill  provides that the county may require the applicant to  
          pay any fees charged by the law enforcement agency for the  
          processing of the criminal history.

           This bill  provides that if the county finds through the criminal  
          history that an applicant has been convicted of one of the  
          listed crimes, the applicant shall not be hired.

           This bill  provides that if the county finds that the applicant  
          is awaiting trial for a crime specified, the county may cease  
          processing the application until the conclusion of the trial.

           This bill  provides that if the county determines, after hiring  
          an applicant, that the person has been convicted of a crime, the  
          county shall terminate the employee.

           This bill  provides that for the purposes of this chapter,  
          "conviction" means a plea or verdict of guilty or a conviction  
          following a plea of nolo contendere in any court in this or  
          another state.  A conviction has occurred when the time for  
          appeal has elapsed, when the judgment of conviction has been  
          affirmed on appeal, or when an order granting probation is made  
          suspending the imposition of sentence, notwithstanding a  
          subsequent order to withdraw a plea of guilty or setting aside  
          the verdict of guilty, or dismissing the accusation, information  
          or indictment.

           This bill  provides that an applicant who is denied a position  
          shall be entitled to receive a copy of the criminal history  




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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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          report upon written request.

                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
          
          California continues to face a severe prison overcrowding  
          crisis.  The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR)  
          currently has about 170,000 inmates under its jurisdiction.  Due  
          to a lack of traditional housing space available, the department  
          houses roughly 15,000 inmates in gyms and dayrooms.   
          California's prison population has increased by 125% (an average  
          of 4% annually) over the past 20 years, growing from 76,000  
          inmates to 171,000 inmates, far outpacing the state's population  
          growth rate for the age cohort with the highest risk of  
          incarceration.<1>

          In December of 2006 plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against  
          CDCR sought a court-ordered limit on the prison population  
          pursuant to the federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On  
          February 9, 2009, the three-judge federal court panel issued a  
          tentative ruling that included the following conclusions with  
          respect to overcrowding:

               No party contests that California's prisons are  
               overcrowded, however measured, and whether considered  
               in comparison to prisons in other states or jails  
               within this state.  There are simply too many  
               prisoners for the existing capacity.  The Governor,  
               the principal defendant, declared a state of emergency  
               in 2006 because of the "severe overcrowding" in  
               California's prisons, which has caused "substantial  
               risk to the health and safety of the men and women who  
               work inside these prisons and the inmates housed in  
               them."  . . .  A state appellate court upheld the  
               ----------------------
          <1>  "Between 1987 and 2007, California's population of ages 15  
          through 44 - the age cohort with the highest risk for  
          incarceration - grew by an average of less than 1% annually,  
          which is a pace much slower than the growth in prison  
          admissions."  (2009-2010 Budget Analysis Series, Judicial and  
          Criminal Justice, Legislative Analyst's Office (January 30,  
          2009).)



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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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               Governor's proclamation, holding that the evidence  
               supported the existence of conditions of "extreme  
               peril to the safety of persons and property."  
               (citation omitted)  The Governor's declaration of the  
               state of emergency remains in effect to this day.

               . . .  the evidence is compelling that there is no  
               relief other than a prisoner release order that will  
               remedy the unconstitutional prison conditions.

               . . .

               Although the evidence may be less than perfectly  
               clear, it appears to the Court that in order to  
               alleviate the constitutional violations California's  
               inmate population must be reduced to at most 120% to  
               145% of design capacity, with some institutions or  
               clinical programs at or below 100%.  We caution the  
               parties, however, that these are not firm figures and  
               that the Court reserves the right - until its final  
               ruling - to determine that a higher or lower figure is  
               appropriate in general or in particular types of  
               facilities.

               . . .

               Under the PLRA, any prisoner release order that we  
               issue will be narrowly drawn, extend no further than  
               necessary to correct the violation of constitutional  
               rights, and be the least intrusive means necessary to  
               correct the violation of those rights.  For this  
               reason, it is our present intention to adopt an order  
               requiring the State to develop a plan to reduce the  
               prison population to 120% or 145% of the prison's  
               design capacity (or somewhere in between) within a  









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               period of two or three years.<2>

          The final outcome of the panel's tentative decision, as well as  
          any appeal that may be in response to the panel's final  
          decision, is unknown at the time of this writing.

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding  
          crisis outlined above.

                                      COMMENTS
           
           1.  Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

              While the vast majority of child protective service  
              social workers operate in a lawful and ethical  
              manner, we bear the responsibility of reducing the  
              ability of unscrupulous individuals to abuse and  
              neglect their charges.  Individuals working in these  
              positions have the authority to remove children from  
              their home and to force parents into counseling.  The  
              judgment of social workers is vital to the protection  
              of one of the state's most vulnerable populations.   
              It is not appropriate for individuals, who are  
              entrusted with such decisions, to have a history of  
              the very convictions on which they base their  
              consideration of other parents.  An individual who  
              has be convicted of a crime such as child abuse,  
              domestic abuse, etc. has shown a serious deficiency  
              in judgment and should not be entrusted important  
              duties of a social worker.

          2.  Background Checks for County Child Protective Service Social  
          ---------------------------
          <2>  Three Judge Court Tentative Ruling, Coleman v.  
          Schwarzenegger, Plata v. Schwarzenegger, in the United States  
          District Courts for the Eastern District of California and the  
          Northern District of California United States District Court  
          composed of three judges pursuant to Section 2284, Title 28  
          United States Code (Feb. 9, 2009).



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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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          Workers 

              a.     Mandatory background check  

                Under existing law, a county is permitted to  
                background check through the DOJ any employee to  
                assist in employment.  This bill would require the  
                county to get a criminal background check before  
                hiring a person for a position as a county child  
                protective service social worker who will be  
                assigned emergency response, family maintenance,  
                family reunification, permanent placement or  
                adoption responsibilities.  The criminal background  
                check will include the ability to get subsequent  
                arrest information.  The criminal background check  
                is intended to determine if the person has been  
                convicted of assault with a deadly weapon, felony  
                spousal abuse, a registerable sex offense, or child  
                abuse.

          SHOULD THE MANDATORY BACKGROUND CHECK BE LIMITED TO THOSE WHO  
          ACTUALLY HAVE ACCESS TO CHILDREN IN THEIR JOBS?






















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              b.     Prohibited from hiring  

                This bill provides that if an applicant has been  
                convicted of one of the specified crimes, then the  
                county may not hire the applicant.  If the  
                applicant is awaiting trial on any of the specified  
                crimes, the county may stop processing the  
                application.

          SHOULD THE COUNTY BE PROHIBITED FROM HIRING A PERSON CONVICTED  
          OF ONE OF THE SPECIFIED OFFENSES?

              c.     Termination required  

                This bill provides that if after hiring an  
                applicant, the county determines that a person has  
                been convicted of one of the listed offenses, the  
                county shall terminate the employee.  It is not  
                clear whether this bill is intended to require the  
                background check of all current employees.  If it  
                is intended to apply to current employees, who may  
                or may not have had a background checked when they  
                were hired, should any consideration be given to  
                how long ago the crime was or how they have  
                performed their responsibilities while they have  
                been employed?

          SHOULD A COUNTY BE REQUIRED TO TERMINATE AN EMPLOYEE WHO HAS  
          BEEN CONVICTED OF ONE OF THE CRIMES?

          IF THE BILL IS INTENDED TO APPLY TO CURRENT EMPLOYEES, SHOULD  
          THE FACT THAT THE CRIME WAS COMMITTED A LONG TIME AGO AS WELL AS  
          HOW THE PERSON HAS PERFORMED HIS OR HER DUTIES BE TAKEN INTO  
          CONSIDERATION?

          3.  DOJ Amendments  

          The DOJ has given the author some amendments necessary to make  
          the provisions of this bill technically correct.  Because this  




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                                                           SB 774 (Ashburn)
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          bill is double referred to the Human Services Committee, the  
          author plans to take those amendments in that Committee.
           


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