BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                  SB 1166
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          SENATE THIRD READING
          SB 1166 (Simitian)
          As Amended August 2, 2010
          Majority vote 

           SENATE VOTE  :31-5  
          
           JUDICIARY           7-3         APPROPRIATIONS      12-5        
           
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          |Ayes:|Feuer, Brownley, Evans,   |Ayes:|Fuentes, Bradford,        |
          |     |Jones, Monning, Nava,     |     |Charles Calderon, Coto,   |
          |     |Huffman                   |     |Davis, De Leon, Gatto,    |
          |     |                          |     |Hall, Skinner, Solorio,   |
          |     |                          |     |Torlakson, Torrico        |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Tran, Hagman, Knight      |Nays:|Conway, Harkey, Miller,   |
          |     |                          |     |Nielsen, Norby            |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           SUMMARY  :  Requires that a notice required under California's  
          data security breach law must contain specified information and  
          a copy of the notice must be sent to appropriate state agencies,  
          as specified.  Specifically,  this bill  :   

          1)Provides that when an agency, person, or business is required  
            to issue a data security breach notification pursuant to  
            existing law, that notification must be written in plain  
            language and shall include at a minimum the following  
            information:

             a)   The name and contact information of the reporting  
               agency, person, or business;

             b)   A list of the types of personal information that were or  
               are reasonably believed to have been the subject of a  
               breach;

             c)   The date, estimated date, or date range within which the  
               breach occurred, if that information is possible to  
               determine at the time the notice is provided;

             d)   Whether the notification was delayed as a result of a  








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               law enforcement investigation, if that information is  
               possible to determine at the time the notice is provided;

             e)   A general description of the breach incident, if that  
               information is possible to determine at the time the notice  
               is provided; and, 

             f)   The toll-free telephone numbers and addresses of the  
               major credit reporting agencies if the breach exposed a  
               social security number or driver's license or state  
               identification card number. 

          1)Provides that, at the discretion of the reporting agency,  
            person, or business, the notification may include other  
            information, including information about what the agency has  
            done to protect the individuals affected by the breach and  
            what steps those individuals may take to protect themselves. 

          2)Provides that an agency, person, or business that is required  
            to issue a data security breach notification to more than 500  
            California residents must also submit a notification to the  
            Attorney General, as specified. 

          3)Provides that if substitute notice is used, as permitted by  
            existing law, then the reporting person, business, or agency  
            must also provide notification to the Office of Information  
            Security within the office of the State Chief Information  
            Officer. 

          4)Provides that a covered entity under the federal Health  
            Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is deemed  
            to have complied with the provisions of this bill if it has  
            complied with federal law, as specified. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations  
          analysis, minor absorbable costs for state agencies to comply  
          with the specified notification requirements.
           
          COMMENTS  :  Under existing law, a person, business, or state  
          agency that keeps, maintains, or leases computerized data that  
          contains personal information must provide appropriate notices  
          if that personal information is compromised as a result of a  
          data breach.  The law permits the person, business, or state  
          agency to use "substitute notice" if the number of persons  








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          affected would make personal notice prohibitively expensive or  
          impractical, or if the affected person's contact information is  
          not available.  However, beyond these provisions, existing law  
          does not create any requirements as to the form and content of  
          the required notices.  This bill seeks to correct that  
          deficiency by requiring notices to contain specified information  
          that will be useful to the affected resident and ensure that  
          there is greater uniformity in the content of security breach  
          notices.  In addition, this bill would require that notification  
          be sent to the state Attorney General's office for any breaches  
          that affect more than 500 California residents.  Finally, this  
          bill would also provide that if "substitute notice" is used, as  
          permitted by existing law, then a copy of the notice should also  
          be sent to the Office of Information Security within the office  
          of the State Chief Information Officer.  

          This bill is similar to the enrolled version of last year's SB  
          20, which was vetoed by the Governor.  Last year's bill was  
          opposed by several groups representing various businesses,  
          including financial institutions and the hi-tech electronics  
          industry.  In order to address opposition concerns, the author  
          took several amendments, including amendments that eliminated  
          the requirement that the breach notice contain the number of  
          persons affected (which opponents claimed was always subject to  
          change and could require several notices).  In addition, the  
          author added qualifying amendments to make it clear that  
          information about the scope and nature of the breach was  
          required only to the extent that such information was available  
          at the time the notice was provided.  While these amendments  
          apparently removed all of the registered opposition to the bill  
          by the time the bill was passed by the Legislature, the bill was  
          nevertheless vetoed by the Governor as "unnecessary."   
          Specifically, the Governor's veto message stated:

               Informing individuals whose personal information was  
               compromised in a breach of what their risks are and what  
               they can do to protect themselves is an important consumer  
               protection benefit. This bill is unnecessary, however,  
               because there is no evidence that there is a problem with  
               the information provided to consumers.  Moreover, there is  
               no additional consumer benefit gained by requiring the  
               Attorney General to become a repository of breach notices  
               when this measure does not require the Attorney General to  
               do anything with the notices.  Since this measure would  








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               place additional unnecessary mandates on businesses without  
               a corresponding consumer benefit, I am unable to sign this  
               bill.

          Unlike last year's SB 20, this bill, in response to concerns  
          raised by the California Hospital Association (CHA), carves out  
          a qualified exemption for entities covered by the federal HIPAA.  
           Because HIPAA already requires that notices contain information  
          quite similar to that required by this bill, the CHA contended  
          that the bill would be unnecessarily duplicative as applied to  
          covered entities.  In order to address this concern, the author  
          amended to bill to provide that a covered entity under HIPAA  
          will be deemed to have complied with the provisions of this bill  
          if it complies with the parallel federal notice requirements. 

          According to the author, California's first-in-the nation breach  
          notification statute, which requires data holders to notify  
          individuals in the event of a breach of their personal data, was  
          "built on the premise that individuals have a right to know when  
          a data breach has affected them."  If consumers are unaware of  
          the fact that their personal information has been compromised,  
          they are unable to take steps that might protect them from  
          various kinds of fraud or identity theft.  However, according to  
          the author, there remains a troubling gap in our breach  
          notification law: "while current law requires data holders to  
          notify individuals when there has been a data breach of personal  
          information, the same law is silent on what information should  
          be contained in the notification."  As a result, the author  
          contends, breach notices "vary greatly in the information  
          provided, leaving consumers confused and businesses exposed."   
          The author believes that this bill will fill the gap in existing  
          law and make sure that consumers have adequate information  
          describing the nature of the breach, the types of information  
          that have been compromised, and the contact information that  
          will help the affected individual take necessary steps of  
          self-protection. 


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Thomas Clark / JUD. / (916) 319-2334 


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