BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                             Senator Mark Leno, Chair                S
                             2009-2010 Regular Session               B

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          SB 1190 (Cedillo)                                          0
          As Amended March 22, 2010 
          Hearing date:  April 6, 2010
          Penal Code
          SM:mc

                        ANIMAL CONTROL OFFICERS: BATON TRAINING  

                                       HISTORY

          Source:  California Animal Control Directors Association

          Prior Legislation: AB 2245 (Soto) - Chap. 96, Stats. of 2008

          Support: Bell Gardens Police Department, City of Santa Ana;  
          California Peace Officers'                                   
          Association; California Police Chiefs Association; Laborers'  
          International Union of                                       
          North America, Locals 777 and 792; City of South Gate Police  
          Department

          Opposition:None known


                                        KEY ISSUES
           
          SHOULD THE BATON TRAINING COURSE FOR ANIMAL CONTROL OFFICERS BE THE  
          COURSE APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION ON PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND  
          TRAINING, AND NOT A COURSE CERTIFIED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER  
          AFFAIRS?

          SHOULD THE TRAINING INSTITUTION BE PERMITTED TO CHARGE A FEE  
          COVERING THE COST OF THE TRAINING?




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                                                          SB 1190 (Cedillo)
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                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to (1) provide that the baton  
          training course for animal control officers be the course  
          approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and  
          Training and not a course certified by the Department of  
          Consumer Affairs; and (2) permit the training institution to  
          charge a fee covering the cost of the training.
           
          Existing law  provides that animal control officers are not peace  
          officers but may exercise the powers of arrest of a peace  
          officer, as specified, and the power to serve warrants, as  
          specified, during the course and within the scope of their  
          employment, if those officers successfully complete a course in  
          the exercise of those powers pursuant to Section 832.  That part  
          of the training course specified in Section 832 pertaining to  
          the carrying and use of firearms shall not be required for any  
          animal control officer whose employing agency prohibits the use  
          of firearms.  (Penal Code  830.9.)

           Existing law  further provides:

                 An arrest is taking a person into custody, in a  
               case and in the manner authorized by law and that an  
               arrest may be made by a peace officer or a private  
               person.  (Penal Code  834.)

                 An arrest is made by an actual restraint of the  
               person, or by submission to the custody of an officer.  
                The person arrested may be subjected to such  
               restraint as is reasonable for his or her arrest and  
               detention.  (Penal Code  835.)

                 A private person may arrest another person for a  
               public offense committed or attempted in his or her  
               presence, when the person arrested has committed a  
               felony regardless of whether it was committed in his  
               or her presence, and when a felony has been committed  




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                                                          SB 1190 (Cedillo)
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               and he or she has reasonable cause for believing the  
               person to be arrested has committed it.  (Penal Code   
               837.)

                 With limited exceptions, a peace officer may arrest  
               a person when the officer has reasonable cause to  
               believe the person to be arrested has committed a  
               public offense in the officer's presence, when the  
               person arrested has committed a felony regardless of  
               whether it was committed in the officer's presence,  
               and when the officer has reasonable cause to believe  
               the person to be arrested has committed a felony.   
               (Penal Code  836.)

           Existing law  states that police officers, special police  
          officers, peace officers, or law enforcement officers are not  
          prohibited from carrying any wooden club, baton, or any  
          equipment authorized for the enforcement of law or ordinance in  
          any city or county.  (Penal Code  12002(a).)

           Existing law  provides that a uniformed security guard,  
          regularly employed and compensated by a person engaged in any  
          lawful business, while actually employed and engaged in  
          protecting and preserving property or life within the scope of  
          his or her employment, is not prohibited from carrying any  
          wooden club or baton if the uniformed security guard has  
          satisfactorily completed a course of instruction certified by  
          the Department of Consumer Affairs in the carrying and use of  
          the club or baton.  The training institution certified by the  
          Department of Consumer Affairs to present this course, whether  
          public or private, is authorized to charge a fee covering the  
          cost of the training.  (Penal Code  12002(b).)

           Existing law  requires that the Department of Consumer Affairs,  
          in cooperation with the Commission on Peace Officer Standards  
          and Training, develop standards for a course in the carrying  
          and use of the club or baton.  (Penal Code  12002(c).)

           Existing law  provides that any uniformed security guard who  
          successfully completes a course of instruction under this  




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          section is entitled to receive a permit to carry and use a club  
          or baton within the scope of his or her employment, issued by  
          the Department of Consumer Affairs.  The department may  
          authorize certified training institutions to issue permits to  
          carry and use a club or baton.  A fee in the amount provided by  
          law shall be charged by the Department of Consumer Affairs to  
          offset the costs incurred by the department in course  
          certification, quality control activities associated with the  
          course, and issuance of the permit.  (Penal Code  12002(d).)

           Existing law  provides that any person employed as a county  
          sheriff's or police security officer, as specified, shall not  
          be required to obtain a club or baton permit or to complete a  
          course certified by the Department of Consumer Affairs in the  
          carrying and use of a club or baton, provided that the person  
          completes a course approved by the Commission on Peace Officer  
          Standards and Training in the carrying and use of the club or  
          baton, within 90 days of employment.  (Penal Code  12002(f).)

           Existing law  provides that an animal control officer, as  
          specified, or an illegal dumping enforcement officer, as  
          specified, is not prohibited from carrying any wooden club or  
          baton if the animal control officer or illegal dumping  
          enforcement officer has satisfactorily completed a course of  
          instruction certified by the Department of Consumer Affairs in  
          the carrying and use of the club or baton.  The training  
          institution certified by the Department of Consumer Affairs to  
          present this course, whether public or private, is authorized  
          to charge a fee covering the cost of the training.  (Penal Code  
           12002(g).)

           This bill  would provide that, to be authorized to carry a  
          baton, animal control officers, as specified, must  
          satisfactorily complete a course of training approved by the  
          Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training in the  
          carrying and use of the club or baton and that the training  
          institution would be authorized to charge a fee covering the  
          cost of the training.

                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION




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          The severe prison overcrowding problem California has  
          experienced for the last several years has not been solved.  In  
          December of 2006 plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against the  
          Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation sought a  
          court-ordered limit on the prison population pursuant to the  
          federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On January 12, 2010, a  
          federal three-judge panel issued an order requiring the state to  
          reduce its inmate population to 137.5 percent of design capacity  
          -- a reduction of roughly 40,000 inmates -- within two years.   
          In a prior, related 184-page Opinion and Order dated August 4,  
          2009, that court stated in part:

               "California's correctional system is in a tailspin,"  
               the state's independent oversight agency has reported.  
               . . .  (Jan. 2007 Little Hoover Commission Report,  
               "Solving California's Corrections Crisis: Time Is  
               Running Out").  Tough-on-crime politics have increased  
               the population of California's prisons dramatically  
               while making necessary reforms impossible. . . .  As a  
               result, the state's prisons have become places "of  
               extreme peril to the safety of persons" they house, .  
               . .  (Governor Schwarzenegger's Oct. 4, 2006 Prison  
               Overcrowding State of Emergency Declaration), while  
               contributing little to the safety of California's  
               residents, . . . .   California "spends more on  
               corrections than most countries in the world," but the  
               state "reaps fewer public safety benefits." . . .  .   
               Although California's existing prison system serves  
               neither the public nor the inmates well, the state has  
               for years been unable or unwilling to implement the  
               reforms necessary to reverse its continuing  
               deterioration.  (Some citations omitted.)

               . . .

               The massive 750% increase in the California prison  
               population since the mid-1970s is the result of  
               political decisions made over three decades, including  
               the shift to inflexible determinate sentencing and the  




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               passage of harsh mandatory minimum and three-strikes  
               laws, as well as the state's counterproductive parole  
               system.  Unfortunately, as California's prison
               population has grown, California's political  
               decision-makers have failed to provide the resources  
               and facilities required to meet the additional need  
               for space and for other necessities of prison  
               existence.  Likewise, although state-appointed experts  
               have repeatedly provided numerous methods by which the  
               state could safely reduce its prison population, their  
               recommendations have been ignored, underfunded, or  
               postponed indefinitely.  The convergence of  
               tough-on-crime policies and an unwillingness to expend  
               the necessary funds to support the population growth  
               has brought California's prisons to the breaking  
               point.  The
               state of emergency declared by Governor Schwarzenegger  
               almost three years ago continues to this day,  
               California's prisons remain severely overcrowded, and  
               inmates in the California prison system continue to  
               languish without constitutionally adequate medical and  
               mental health care.<1>

          The court stayed implementation of its January 12, 2010 ruling  
          pending the state's appeal of the decision to the U.S. Supreme  
          Court.  That appeal, and the final outcome of this litigation,  
          is not anticipated until later this year or 2011.

           This bill  does not appear to aggravate the prison overcrowding  
          crisis described above.


                                      COMMENTS
                             ---------------------------
          <1>   Three Judge Court Opinion and Order, Coleman v.  
          Schwarzenegger, Plata v. Schwarzenegger, in the United States  
          District Courts for the Eastern District of California and the  
          Northern District of California United States District Court  
          composed of three judges pursuant to Section 2284, Title 28  
          United States Code (August 4, 2009).




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          1.  Need for This Bill  

          According to the author:

               The existing procedures that the DCA has for obtaining  
               a DCA Baton Permit are intended for security officers.  
                Requiring animal control officers to complete a baton  
               training course certified by the DCA is inefficient,  
               inconvenient and costly to animal control officers and  
               in some cases to the cities or counties where animal  
               control officers are employed who appropriate the  
               funds for training. 

               In order to avoid the confusion and carry a valid  
               baton permit, some animal control officers have  
               resorted to calling their baton a "bite stick" and  
               instead taking a POST certified baton training course  
               to avoid the entire confusion of going to a DCA  
               certified training facility, not being able to carry a  
               valid baton permit, and being sent to obtain a guard  
               card.

               Because animal control officers are many times  
               employed by the cities or counties, and because they  
               are empowered under Penal Code 830.9, and are already  
               required to complete an 832 POST certified training  
               course, it seems to make more sense to require animal  
               control officers to get POST certified Baton Training  
               if they are given the authority to carry a baton. 

               SB [1190] seeks to make animal control officer  
               training more consistent with state statute.  This  
               bill would remove the requirement that animal control  
               officers complete training certified by the Department  
               of Consumer Affairs in order to be permitted to carry  
               a club or baton and would instead require the officers  
               to complete training approved by the Commission on  
               Peace Officer Standards and Training in the carrying  
               and use of the club or baton in order to carry a club  




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               or baton.

               Requiring an animal control officer to complete a  
               baton training course certified by the Commission on  
               POST will eliminate the confusion that exists between  
               the DCA and animal control officers by creating a more  
               concrete and efficient system for security officer to  
               carry batons.

               Since some animal control officers already revert to  
               completing a POST certified baton training course  
               instead of going to the DCA and being confronted with  
               the confusion that exists in between animal control  
               officers and the Department of Consumer Affairs, this  
               bill would seek to put in code something that is  
               already in practice. 




























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          2. Animal Control Officers and the Department of Consumer Affairs  

          To be authorized to carry a baton, animal control officers are  
          required to complete a baton training course that has been  
          certified by the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA).  The  
          Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau of Security and  
          Investigative Services (BSIS), regulates private security  
          guards.  Private security guards must register with BSIS,  
          complete specified training, and pay certain fees.  To obtain a  
          baton permit, BSIS requires that an applicant be a registered  
          security guard.  DCA has informed the Committee that, while  
          trainers may not issue a "baton permit" independently from a  
          security guard card, trainers have been told they may issue  
          animal control officers who complete baton training a  
          certificate that verifies their successful completion of the  
          course.  

          According to background materials provided by the author's  
          office, BSIS policy has created a problem for animal control  
          officers in that they are unable to obtain a permit to carry a  
          baton unless they register with BSIS as a security guard and pay  
          the fees for a "guard card."  In response, this bill would amend  
          the requirement that animal control officers who wish to carry a  
          baton take a training course certified by the Department of  
          Consumer Affairs and instead allow them to take a course  
          approved by the Commission on Peace Officer Standards and  
          Training (POST).

          Existing law does not require animal control officers to obtain  
          a baton permit in order to carry a baton, only that they  
          complete a course of training in the use of the baton that has  
          been certified by DCA.  However, background material provided by  
          the author states that some animal control officers, when  
          informed by the baton training institution (often a community  
          college) that they may not obtain a baton permit without being a  
          registered security guard, proceed to register as a security  
          guard, incurring unnecessary training and fees.  Others,  
          according to the bill's sponsor, decide to take a POST-certified  
          baton training course instead of the required DCA-certified  




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          course and thereafter refer to their baton as a "bite stick."   
          The sponsors also argue that, since the animal control officers  
          are already taking the arrest training course pursuant to  
          section 832 of the Penal Code from POST-certified instructors,  
          it would be easier and less confusing to have them take their  
          baton training from the same instructors.  

          The author has taken amendments to specify that POST need not  
          create a new baton training course specifically for animal  
          control officers and to specify that the institution providing  
          the POST-certified baton training is authorized to charge a fee  
          covering the cost of the training.  With these two amendments  
          POST has withdrawn their opposition to the bill.

          One potential unintended consequence of this bill is that animal  
          control officers will be competing with police and sheriff's  
          cadets for space in POST-certified baton training courses which  
          may result in a delay in their completing this required training  
          if such spaces are in short supply.  

          COULD THIS CAUSE CONGESTION IN POST-CERTIFIED BATON TRAINING  
          COURSES?  

          WILL ANIMAL CONTROL OFFICERS BE ABLE TO RECEIVE THE REQUIRED  
          BATON TRAINING IN A TIMELY FASHION?


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