BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    



                                                                       



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          |SENATE RULES COMMITTEE            |                  SB 1402|
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                              UNFINISHED BUSINESS


          Bill No:  SB 1402
          Author:   Dutton (R), et al
          Amended:  8/16/10
          Vote:     27 - Urgency

           
           SENATE ENV. QUALITY COMMITTEE :  7-0, 4/19/10
          AYES:  Simitian, Runner, Corbett, Hancock, Lowenthal,  
            Pavley, Strickland

           SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE  :  10-0, 5/17/10
          AYES:  Kehoe, Cox, Alquist, Corbett, Denham, Leno, Walters,  
            Wolk, Wyland, Yee
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Price

           SENATE FLOOR  :  33-0, 5/24/10
          AYES:  Aanestad, Alquist, Ashburn, Calderon, Cedillo,  
            Corbett, Correa, Cox, Denham, DeSaulnier, Ducheny,  
            Dutton, Florez, Hancock, Harman, Hollingsworth, Huff,  
            Kehoe, Leno, Liu, Lowenthal, Negrete McLeod, Padilla,  
            Pavley, Romero, Runner, Simitian, Strickland, Walters,  
            Wolk, Wright, Wyland, Yee
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Cogdill, Oropeza, Price, Steinberg,  
            Wiggins, Vacancy, Vacancy

           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :  75-0, 8/18/10 - See last page for vote


           SUBJECT  :    Air pollution penalties

           SOURCE  :     Californians for Enforcement Reform and  
          Transparency

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           DIGEST  :    This bill requires the Air Resources Board to  
          provide a specified written explanation prior to imposing  
          an administrative or civil penalty for a violation of air  
          pollution law, make these explanations available to the  
          public, annually report specified administrative penalties  
          imposed, and publish a penalty policy pertaining to  
          vehicular air pollution control. 

           Assembly Amendments  (1) require the Air Resources Board  
          notification to be in writing, (2) require a quantification  
          of the specific amount of pollution emitted, (3) add  
          co-authors, and (4) make clarifying changes.

           ANALYSIS  :    

          Existing law:

          1. Generally establishes processes for assessing fines and  
             penalties and specifies the deposit of fines and  
             penalties for violations of vehicular air pollution  
             control laws into the Air Pollution Control Fund or the  
             General Fund (GF).

          2. Establishes a process to assess administrative penalties  
             in lieu of civil penalties for violation of specified  
             vehicular air pollution control laws up to $100,000 and  
             establishes a threshold of $100,000 for penalty  
             assessments that qualify a person for mutual settlement  
             agreements and requires the settlements to be deposited  
             into the GF.

          3. Requires the Air Resources Board (ARB) and the courts to  
             consider specified conditions when considering the  
             amount assessed for administrative or civil penalties  
             for violations of vehicular air pollution control laws  
             such as (a) the extent of harm to public health, safety,  
             and welfare caused by the violation, (b) the nature and  
             persistence of the violation, including the magnitude of  
             the excess emissions, (c) the compliance history of the  
             defendant, including the frequency of past violations,  
             (d) the preventive efforts taken by the defendant,  
             including the record of maintenance and any program to  
             ensure compliance, (e) the innovative nature and the  

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             magnitude of the effort required to comply, and the  
             accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability of the  
             available test methods, (f) the efforts to attain, or  
             provide for, compliance, and (g) the cooperation of the  
             defendant during the course of the investigation and any  
             action taken by the defendant, including the nature,  
             extent, and time of response of any action taken to  
             mitigate the violation.

          4. Requires any person who violates any vehicular air  
             pollution control law as specified to be liable for a  
             civil penalty not to exceed $5,000 per vehicle and those  
             penalties be deposited in the Air Pollution Control Fund  
             (APCF).

          5. States that any action brought pursuant to #4 above to  
             recover such civil penalties must take special  
             precedence over all other civil matters on the calendar  
             of the court except those matters to which equal  
             precedence on the calendar is granted by law.

          6. Requires the revenues from penalties recovered by ARB to  
             be deposited in the APCF and must only be expended by  
             ARB for environmental cleanup, abatement, or pollution  
             prevention technology.

          7. Prohibits the sale of any new motor vehicle in  
             California that does not meet the emission standards  
             adopted by ARB, and any manufacturer who sells, attempts  
             to sell, or causes to be offered for sale a new motor  
             vehicle that fails to meet the applicable emission  
             standards must be subject to a civil penalty of $5,000  
             for each such action, with the penalty to be deposited  
             into the GF.

          This bill:

          1. Requires a written communication from ARB alleging an  
             administrative or civil penalty for violation of air  
             pollution law to contain a clear explanation of the  
             following: 

             A.    The manner in which the penalty amount was  
                determined.

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             B.    The law or regulation under which the penalty is  
                being assessed. 

             C.    Whether the penalty is being assessed under a law  
                that prohibits a specified level of pollution, and if  
                so, a quantification of the specific amount of  
                pollution emitted.

          2. Requires ARB to make this information, and all final  
             mutual settlement agreements between ARB and the alleged  
             violator, available to the public. 

          3. Requires ARB to prepare and submit to the Legislature  
             and the Governor an annual report summarizing  
             administrative penalties pertaining to vehicular air  
             pollution control. 

          4. Requires ARB to publish a civil and administrative  
             penalty policy pertaining to vehicular air pollution  
             control by March 1, 2011, and requires the policy to  
             consider specified circumstances similar to those that  
             ARB and the courts are currently required to consider  
             when determining penalty amounts.

           Comments  

          Under current law, ARB and/or local air pollution control  
          districts are authorized to impose civil or administrative  
          penalties for a variety of violations of state air  
          pollution laws and regulations.  Administrative penalties  
          of up to $100,000 may be assessed for certain violations.   
          ARB and the courts are required to consider several factors  
          when determining the amount of an administrative or civil  
          penalty - including the harm to the public, the compliance  
          history of the defendant, preventative efforts made by the  
          defendant, and other factors.  Fine and penalty revenues  
          are generally deposited in the APCF (where they are  
          available, upon appropriation of the 
          Legislature, for environmental cleanup, abatement, or  
          pollution prevention) or the General Fund.
           
          ARB has articulated three main goals of its enforcement  
          program:  (1) to foster compliance, (2) to deter  

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          violations, and (3) to create a level playing field for the  
          community ARB regulates.  ARB currently handles  
          approximately 2,000 violations a year.  ARB has a long  
          history of obtaining compliance along with substantial  
          penalties.  In over 99 percent of its cases, ARB engages  
          violators in a settlement process to reach resolutions.  
          However, where an appropriate settlement cannot be reached,  
          ARB refers the matter to a prosecutor, usually the Attorney  
          General, for civil litigation or criminal prosecution.  
          Injunctions to halt violations are an important tool in  
          these actions.  ARB maintains that its enforcement process  
          is highly transparent.  All ARB settlements are public  
          documents.  Case resolutions are publicized through news  
          releases.  ARB publishes a comprehensive annual report that  
          documents the results of its enforcement efforts. 

           FISCAL EFFECT  :    Appropriation:  No   Fiscal Com.:  Yes    
          Local:  No

          According to the Assembly Appropriations Committee, costs  
          of an unknown amount, potentially in excess of $150,000 per  
          year, for up to one position at ARB to include specified  
          information in written communication and to make it  
          available to the public, update and publish penalty policy,  
          and report to the Legislature and Governor. 

           SUPPORT  :   (Verified  5/19/10) (Unable to reverify)

          Californians for Enforcement Reform and Transparency  
          (source)
          American Home Furnishing Alliance
          California Chapter of the American Fence Contractors  
          Association
          California Dump Truck Owner Association
          California Manufacturers and Technology Association
          California Motorcycle Dealers Association 
          California Moving and Storage Association 
          California Retailers Association
          Construction Industry Air Quality Association
          Engineering Contractors Association
          Flasher/Barricade Association
          Independent Waste Oil Collectors and Transporters
          Marine Builders Association
          Moving and Storage Association

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          National Marine Manufacturers Association
          Outdoor Power Equipment Institute
          Sand Car Manufacturers Association
          Southern California Contractors Association


           ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT  :    According to the author, "Numerous  
          affected stakeholders have repeated expressed concern over  
          the lack of information on how ARB determines and assesses  
          penalties as well as the lack of consistency from one  
          violation to the rest.  This confusion undermines ARB's  
          credibility and effectiveness in achieving its core mission  
          - protection of air quality.  This confusion also makes it  
          increasingly difficult for ARB to effectively resolve  
          settlements or for regulated entities to comply with ARB  
          regulations and to do business in California."


           ASSEMBLY FLOOR  :
          AYES:  Adams, Ammiano, Anderson, Arambula, Bass, Beall,  
            Bill Berryhill, Tom Berryhill, Block, Blumenfield,  
            Bradford, Brownley, Buchanan, Caballero, Carter, Chesbro,  
            Conway, Cook, Coto, Davis, De La Torre, De Leon, DeVore,  
            Eng, Feuer, Fletcher, Fong, Fuentes, Fuller, Furutani,  
            Gaines, Galgiani, Garrick, Gatto, Gilmore, Hagman, Hall,  
            Harkey, Hayashi, Hernandez, Hill, Huber, Huffman,  
            Jeffries, Jones, Knight, Lieu, Bonnie Lowenthal, Ma,  
            Mendoza, Miller, Monning, Nava, Nestande, Niello,  
            Nielsen, Norby, V. Manuel Perez, Portantino, Ruskin,  
            Salas, Saldana, Silva, Skinner, Smyth, Solorio, Audra  
            Strickland, Swanson, Torlakson, Torres, Torrico, Tran,  
            Villines, Yamada, John A. Perez
          NO VOTE RECORDED:  Blakeslee, Charles Calderon, Evans,  
            Logue, Vacancy


          TSM:mw  8/18/10   Senate Floor Analyses 

                         SUPPORT/OPPOSITION:  SEE ABOVE

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