BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    






          SENATE PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT & RETIREMENT    BILL NO: SB 1425
          Lou Correa, Chair            Hearing date: April 12, 2010
          SB 1425 (Simitian and Correa)    as amended  4/5/10       
          FISCAL:   YES


           PUBLIC RETIREMENT SYSTEMS:  PROHIBITS PENSION SPIKING AND  
          REQUIRES 180 DAY BREAK IN EMPLOYMENT FOLLOWING RETIREMENT
           

           HISTORY  :            

              Sponsor:  author

               Prior legislation:  SB 53 (Russell)
                            Chapter 1297, Statutes of 1993
                          AB 1987 (Hernandez) 2010
                             Assembly PER&SS Committee 
                            (contains provisions consistent with this  
                         bill)

           
          SUMMARY  : 

                SB 1425 makes findings and declarations regarding  
            public employee retirement benefits and the need to  
            consistently distinguish which items of compensation are  
            properly included in members' final compensation for the  
            purpose of determining retirement benefits.

                SB 1425 adds requirements to laws governing the Public  
            Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), the State Teachers'  
            Retirement System (CalSTRS), and independent public  
            retirement systems to:

             1)   clarify and define which elements may and may not be  
               included in final compensation for the purpose of  
               calculating retirement benefits,

             2)   require that increases to employee compensation  
               during the final compensation period be consistent with  
               increases paid to other employees in the same or similar  
               occupational groups or classes,
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          Date:  4/2/10                                          Page 1  











             3)   require the boards of retirement systems to audit  
               employer compliance with final compensation reporting  
               requirements and allow them to levy monetary penalties  
               or fees for non-compliance, and

             4)   prohibit, for 180 days after the date of retirement,  
               any public annuitant who retires on or after January 1,  
               2011, from returning to work as a part-time, paid  
               employee; contracting employee; or employee of a third  
               party contractor.



           



          BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS  : 
          
           1)Existing state laws:  

            a)  authorizes over 40 public retirement systems for the  
            State's public employees, including CalPERS; CalSTRS; the  
            1937 Act County Retirement System, which includes 20  
            independent county retirement systems; and independent  
            public retirement systems, mostly for cities and special  
            districts.  These systems provide defined benefit  
            retirement allowances based on employees' years of service,  
            age at retirement, and final compensation (highest paid 12  
            or 36 months of employment).

            b)  provide for the administration and oversight of the  
            CalPERS and CalSTRS retirement systems by their respective  
            Boards.
          
            c)  define final compensation, in general, as compensation  
            earned during an employee's highest-paid 36 month or 12  
            month period of service, depending on membership type, and  
            define which additional types of pay may be combined with  
            base pay to make up final compensation.

           2)Existing laws, rules, local ordinances, and collective  
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          Date:  4/2/10                                          Page 2  










            bargaining agreements  allow public employers to pay  
            differentials, bonuses, overtime, separation pay, holiday  
            pay, and other forms of compensation in addition to base  
            pay and require that participating employers accurately and  
            timely report to the retirement boards the amount of  
            compensation paid to employees, including special forms of  
            pay, changes in employment status, leaves, and other  
            factors that impact compensation.
          
           3)Existing laws governing CalSTRS  create both a traditional  
            defined benefit program and a supplemental program called  
            the Defined Benefit Supplement Program, into which  
            contributions are made on forms of compensation that may  
            not be included in final compensation used to calculate a  
            defined benefit allowance.  These contributions accumulate  
            and are paid to members at retirement in a manner similar  
            to tax-deferred savings accounts.

           4)Existing laws regarding working after retirement  :

            a)  allow a retired public employee or teacher to return to  
            public employment as a part-time worker or subject to  
            reduced earnings, as specified, without a reduction in  
            retirement allowance and without earning additional service  
            credit in the public retirement system.  An employee who  
            exceeds the limited time base or earnings, as specified,  
            may be subject to reinstatement into the retirement system  
            and reduction or cessation of his or her retirement  
            allowance or earnings.

            b)  do not prohibit a retired public employee or teacher  
            from drawing a retirement allowance while working as an  
            independent contractor or employee of a third party  
            contracting with a public employer.
          
           5)This bill:
            
             a)  requires that all public retirement systems adopt,  
            either through statute or regulation, rules and laws  
            consistent with the requirements of the bill, including  
            requirements defining what may be used in determining an  
            employee's final compensation, requirements to audit  
            compliance with accurate reporting of final compensation,  
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            and a prohibition against returning to public employment as  
            a part-time or contracted employee for a minimum of 180  
            days following the date of retirement,

            b)  states findings and declarations regarding the  
            manipulation of retirement benefits, including pension  
            spiking, and the duties of the retirement systems to employ  
            sound and equitable principles of oversight and the  
            treatment of compensation,
            
            c)  clarifies and defines in CalPERS and CalSTRS which  
            forms of compensation may be included in an employee's  
            final compensation for the purpose of determining a  
            retirement allowance, and requires that no compensation  
            determined to have been paid expressly to enhance a  
            member's retirement allowance may be included,

            d)  requires that increases to compensation paid during the  
            final compensation period must be consistent with publicly  
            published pay scales and the increases paid to other  
            employees in the same or similar working groups or classes,  
            and prohibits classes of one individual only,
          
            e)  allows the CalPERS and CalSTRS Boards to assess fees on  
            employers who fail to accurately provide required  
            information, including the costs of auditing, adjusting, or  
            correcting inaccurate reporting, and prohibits an employer  
            from passing those costs on to employees,

            f)  further clarifies in the Education Code which forms of  
            compensation for CalSTRS members may be used to determine  
            final compensation for a defined retirement benefit and  
            which forms of compensation must be contributed to the  
            Defined Benefit Supplement Program,
            
            g)  requires that any CalPERS member who retires on or  
            after January 1, 2010, may not return to public employment  
            as a part-time worker, a private contractor, or employee of  
            a third party contractor for 180 days following the date of  
            retirement.  Any employee who works in violation of this  
            provision will be required to cease employment and wait  
            another 180 days before returning to work.  In addition,  
            either the employer or employee will be liable for related  
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            administrative costs of enforcement, depending on whether  
            the violation was due to employee or employer error,

            h)  requires that any CalSTRS member who retires on or  
            after January 1, 2010, may not earn any compensation as a  
            retired part-time worker, a private contractor, or employee  
            of a third party contractor for 180 days following the date  
            of retirement.  If the retiree does earn compensation in  
            violation of this requirement, his or her retirement  
            allowance will be reduced by the amount of compensation  
            earned in the prohibited period, and


            i)  requires that the 180 day limit on working after  
            retirement be applicable to individuals retiring on and  
            after January 1, 2011 and that other provisions of the bill  
            related to final compensation shall be effective for  
            current and future members of the retirement systems on and  
            after July 1, 2011.

          6)   This bill does not  prohibit the employment of retirees  
          already retired prior to January 1, 2011, and it does not  
          prohibit new retirees from returning to public employment  
          after a six month break.
          

           COMMENTS  :

          1)   Arguments in support  :

          The author notes the following:

               "Recent news reports have highlighted the actions by a  
               small percentage of public employees who have  
               intentionally, but legally, manipulated their final  
               compensation for purposes of gaining a larger pension  
               benefit.  This bill institutes uniform laws for all  
               public retirement systems that will help to curtail an  
               individual from taking extraordinary steps to enhance  
               their retirement benefits (i.e., "spiking").

               "In addition, the bill requires that employees have a  
               bona fide separation in service of six months before  
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          Date:  4/2/10                                          Page 5  










               taking another position in public service to prevent  
               "double dipping."  The provision will eliminate  
               "revolving door" practices in which some public  
               employees retire on a Friday and return to the same job  
               on Monday as a retired worker.

               "Senate Bill 1425 is designed to correct abuses that  
               impose an undue burden on both the taxpayers and  
               employees in the system, as well as erode public support  
               for reasonable public employee pensions."

          2)   Arguments in opposition  :

          Some have raised objections to requiring a 180 day break in  
          service between the date a person retires and the date he or  
          she may return to work as a paid retiree.  The Judicial  
          Council of California states that this prohibition would  
          "disrupt court calendars and increase the existing backlog in  
          criminal and civil cases." The California State Association  
          of Counties states that "a six-month wait for every retiree  
          is overly broad and is an inappropriate interference on a  
          local public employer's ability to choose the best candidate  
          for a job and to efficiently and effectively manage  
          resources."

          The California School Board Association would support the  
          bill if it were amended to remove the prohibition on  
          returning to work for 180 days following retirement if such a  
          return would result in no additional cost to the retirement  
          system.


          3)   SUPPORT  :

               Glendale City Employees Association (GCEA)
               Organization of SMUD Employees (OSE)
               San Bernardino Public Employees Association (SBPEA)
               San Luis Obispo County Employees Association (SLOCEA)
               Santa Rosa City Employees Association (SRCEA)
               Service Employees International Union, Local 1000 (SEIU)
               California School Board Association (CSBA), Support if  
          amended

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          Date:  4/2/10                                          Page 6  











          4)   OPPOSITION  :

                California State Association of Counties, Oppose unless  
            amended
                  Judicial Council of California, Administrative Office  
               of the Courts, Oppose unless amended




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          Pamela Schneider
          Date:  4/2/10                                          Page 7