BILL ANALYSIS �
ACR 128
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Date of Hearing: May 8, 2012
ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY
Mike Feuer, Chair
ACR 128 (Feuer, Atkins, Dickinson, Monning, and Wieckowski) -
As Introduced: March 13, 2012
SUBJECT : BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA: COMMEMORATION
KEY ISSUE : SHOULD THE LEGISLATURE CONGRATULATE THE BOY SCOUTS
OF AMERICA ON ITS 102nd ANNIVERSARY WHILE URGING THE BOY SCOUTS
TO ACCEPT ALL QUALIFIED BOYS AND MEN WITHOUT DISCRIMINATION ON
THE BASIS OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR RELIGIOUS BELIEF?
SYNOPSIS
Like ACR 94 also before the Committee, this resolution
recognizes the valuable role that the Boy Scouts of America
(BSA) has played for millions of Americans and commemorates them
on their 102nd Anniversary. Unlike ACR 94, however, this
resolution, consistent with the Committee's unwavering
commitment to nondiscrimination, additionally urges the BSA to
accept for membership and leadership positions all qualified
boys and men without discrimination on the basis of sexual
orientation or religious belief. As the analysis indicates, the
BSA continues to steadfastly hold onto its discriminatory
policies. This resolution attempts to appropriately deal with
this issue by recognizing the value of the BSA while, at the
same time, recognizing the tragic harm done to some American
families who have been excluded from participating in the Boy
Scouts solely because of their sexual orientation or religious
beliefs.
Recent reports underscore that the national scouts organization
sadly and stubbornly continues to grasp on to its discriminatory
policy amidst heartfelt requests to discontinue it, not just
from without but from within the organization as well. And the
compelling stories of tragic hurt and pain that these
discriminatory policies have caused continue to receive national
notoriety, regrettably clouding the legacy and good works of
this famous American institution. The analysis notes that as
recently as just last week a den mother who was reportedly asked
by fellow scout parents to serve in that role, and reportedly
was doing a good job, was nevertheless ousted by the national
scouts organization simply because of her sexual orientation.
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In a sincere effort to avoid unnecessary embarrassment to the
BSA and to try to reach a collaborative result, the author of
this resolution inquired if the author of ACR 94 might be open
to accepting an amendment to that resolution to applaud the
scouts' good works while at the same time similarly calling on
the group to finally abandon its anachronistic discriminatory
policies. The author of this resolution noted such
non-discrimination language was already contained in this
measure, but that he and his colleagues would be pleased not to
pursue it and instead support ACR 94 if this resolution's
nondiscrimination language was simply added to ACR 94 as well.
However the author's office informed the Committee that this
resolution's nondiscrimination language would not be acceptable
to the author of ACR 94, leaving this the only resolution before
the Committee seeking to recognizing the value of the BSA while
at the same time urging the Boy Scouts to accept all qualified
boys and men without discrimination on the basis of sexual
orientation or religious belief.
SUMMARY : Seeks to commend the Boy Scouts of America on its
102nd anniversary while also urging the Boy Scouts to accept all
qualified boys and men without discrimination on the basis of
sexual orientation or religious belief. Specifically, this
measure :
1)Declares, among other things, that:
a) Since the founding of the Boy Scouts of America,
millions of Boy Scouts have taken the experience of
scouting and gone on to contribute great things to society.
b) A Boy Scout can be followed, as he is a leader in his
troop and community, regardless of the scout's race, color,
religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation,
sexual orientation, or disability.
c) A Boy Scout's courage means standing up for what he
believes in without compromising his own beliefs.
d) Honor, loyalty, and courage are hallmarks of scouts who
admirably represent the community, council, and troop in
their daily lives.
e) Boy Scouts are required to abide by the Scout Law and
Scout Oath, which proudly uses such terms as "honor,"
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"trustworthy," and "loyal."
f) Many Boy Scouts have been forced to hide their identity
in contradiction to the Scout Mission, Law, and Oath, and
Boy Scouts and scout leaders who were open about their
sexual orientation have been expelled from scouting.
g) The policy of the Boy Scouts of America to bar from
membership or leadership positions otherwise qualified
individuals solely on the basis of their sexual orientation
or religious belief causes harm to the innumerable boys and
men such as James Dale, who, regardless of their hard work
and merits, are denied the opportunity to participate in
any way in the Boy Scouts of America.
h) The discriminatory policy of the Boy Scouts of America
is contrary to the policy of the State of California.
i) Other similar organizations such as the Girl Scouts,
Camp Fire USA, and the Boys and Girls Clubs of America
serve as role models for the Boy Scouts of America because
they do not discriminate against youth and adults.
2)Resolves that the Assembly, with the Senate concurring,
recognizes, congratulates, and commends the Boy Scouts of
America on its 102nd Anniversary and encourages the Boy Scouts
of America to accept for membership and leadership positions
all qualified boys and men, without discriminating on the
basis of sexual orientation or religious belief.
EXISTING LAW :
1)Provides, under the Unruh Civil Rights Act, that "�a]ll
persons within the state are free and equal and no matter what
their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin,
disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital
status, or sexual orientation are entitled to the full and
equal accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or
services in all business establishments of every kind
whatsoever." (Civil Code section 51(b).)
2)Defines "religion," for the purposes of the Unruh Civil Rights
Act, as including "all aspects of religious belief,
observance, and practice." (Civil code section 51(e)(4).)
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3)Seeks to "afford�] broad protection against arbitrary
discrimination by business establishments" in accordance with
California's "longstanding and compelling" interest in
preventing such discrimination. (Civil Rights Act of 2005,
sec. 2(a), AB 1400 (Laird), Chap. 420 Stats. 2005.)
4)Provides, under the First Amendment and the California State
Constitution, a right to expressive association. (U.S. Const.
Amend. 1 and Cal. Const. Art. I. Sect. 3.)
5)Provides that requiring the Boy Scouts to admit openly gay
people violates the group's First Amendment right of
expressive association ( Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
530 U.S. 640) and provides that the Boy Scouts are not a
"business establishment" under the Unruh Civil Rights Act with
respect to their membership policies and decisions. ( Curran
v. Mount Diablo Council of Boy Scouts of America (1998) 17
Cal.4th 670.)
6)Provides that a state does not violate the Boy Scouts' First
Amendment rights by terminating its participation in a state
workplace charitable campaign due to its discriminatory
membership policy. ( Boy Scouts of America v. Wyman (2003) 335
F.3d 80.) The United States Supreme Court declined to review
the case.
7)Provides that governmental entities in California may withhold
support from non-profit organizations that practice
discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and
religion. ( Evans v. City of Berkeley (2006) 38 Cal.4th 1; cf.
Christian Legal Society v. Martinez (2010) 130 S. Ct. 2971.)
8)Declares discrimination on the basis of "race, color,
religion, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression,
sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry,
familial status, source of income, disability, or genetic
information" against California public policy. (See, e.g.,
Government Code section 12922, emphasis added.)
9)Provides, in the Scout Oath and Law, among other things, that
a Scout should "treat others as he wants to be treated."
(Emphasis added.)
FISCAL EFFECT : The measure as currently in print is keyed
non-fiscal.
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COMMENTS : This resolution seeks to commemorate the 102nd
Anniversary of the Boy Scouts of America and acknowledges the
important role that the Boy Scouts have played in the lives of
many Americans. Unlike ACR 94 however, which is also presently
before the Committee, this resolution additionally encourages
the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) to accept for membership and
leadership positions all qualified boys and men without
discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or religious
belief.
The Well-Known and Indisputable Good Works of the Boy Scouts:
The goal of the BSA is to train youth in responsible
citizenship, character development, and self-reliance through
participation in a wide-range of outdoor activities, educational
programs, and career-oriented programs in partnership with
community organizations. In addition, entities of the Federal
Government have honored the Boy Scouts including the United
States Postal Service, which issued a commemorative stamp and
the United States Mint, which issued some 350,000 Silver Dollar
Centennial Commemorative Coins, and that honoring the
achievements and contributions of this organization should be
the goal of this Legislature, regardless of the organization's
discriminatory policies.
In support of the resolution, the author states:
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the nation's largest
youth improvement groups. It has helped create many future
leaders of America. Sadly however this organization that
has a legacy of so many great works also has stubbornly
held on to an anachronistic and hurtful legacy of
discriminating against some American families simply
because of sexual orientation or religious perspectives.
While it is appropriate to acknowledge the good works of
the Boy Scouts, we simply cannot put the imprimatur of the
California Legislature commending this group without also
urging the Boy Scouts to finally put an immediate end to
their discriminatory policies which continue to cause great
pain to some families who wish to participate in this
century-old American institution.
The Rehnquist Supreme Court Decision 2000 : In Boy Scouts of
America v. Dale , supra., the U.S. Supreme Court, in an opinion
by Chief Justice William Rehnquist, ruled on whether requiring
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the Boy Scouts to approve James Dale, a gay man, as an assistant
scoutmaster would significantly affect the Boy Scouts' ability
to advocate its viewpoints. In this case, the nation's highest
court held that requiring the Boy Scouts to admit openly gay
people violates the group's First Amendment right of expressive
association. In its ruling, the Court noted the following
position statement promulgated by the Boy Scouts in 1991: "We
believe that homosexual conduct is inconsistent with the
requirement in the Scout Oath that a Scout be morally straight
and in the Scout Law that a Scout be clean in word and deed, and
that homosexuals do not provide a desirable role model for
Scouts." (Dale at 652.) The Court also noted a 1993 position
statement which read "The Boy Scouts of America has always
reflected the expectations that Scouting families have had for
the organization. We do not believe that homosexuals provide a
role model consistent with these expectations. Accordingly, we
do not allow for the registration of avowed homosexuals as
members or as leaders of the BSA." (Id.) The Court held that
the First Amendment association rights of the Boy Scouts of
America permitted this express discriminatory policy -- though
the Court did not in any way condone such a policy.
BSA's Repeated Reaffirmations of Its Discriminatory Membership
Policy . On February 6, 2002, the National Executive Board of
the BSA "reaffirmed its traditional leadership standards" in
rejecting proposals by individual Scout Councils seeking
flexibility to determine their own membership and leadership. A
press release announcing the Board's reaffirmation of this
discrimination policy, which rejected gays and atheists as
members and leaders of the Boy Scouts, stated:
The BSA reaffirmed its view that an avowed homosexual
cannot serve as a role model for the traditional moral
values espoused in the Scout Oath and Law and that these
values cannot be subject to local option choices. In
affirming its existing standards of leadership, the board
also agreed that duty to God is not a mere ideal for those
choosing to associate with the Boy Scouts of America; it is
an obligation, which has defined good character throughout
the BSA's �then] 92-year history.
In 2004, the BSA once again reaffirmined its discriminatory
policy, and this express policy of discrimination has reportedly
been strictly enforced against Scouts ever since up to the
present. In 2005, for example, a high-level employee of BSA was
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reportedly fired by the National Council after the organization
received a copy of his bill from an alleged "gay resort" at
which the employee had vacationed.
BSA's Values of Respect, Supporters of This Resolution Suggest,
And This Committee Has Repeatedly Affirmed, Are Wholly
Inconsistent With the Organization's Actions in Dismissing
Members Because of Their Beliefs. In 2002, various news
accounts reported that Darrell Lambert, an Eagle Scout at the
time, was told he had to completely disassociate himself from
the BSA because he was an atheist. Lambert objected to his
dismissal, explaining that he believed it "unjust and opposed to
the very values that Scouting claims to uphold." In a letter to
the Western Region Appeal Committee, he wrote:
To me the issue at hand should not be if I believe or
don't believe in God. It should be about my character,
my citizenship, and my devotion to Scouting. Every
parent of my Scout troop sees me as a good role model
for their kids. They may not agree with my view on God,
but they can focus on the important issues and see the
person I really am. ?
Everybody can be a good citizen; it doesn't matter if
you are a Christian, a Buddhist, a spiritualist, or an
atheist. Morals come from more than just a belief in
God. They come from inside - they are what makes you
feel happy to help someone, to teach them, and to see
them succeed. Scouting is about loyalty to one another,
it is about being trustworthy and having trust in each
other, it is about going camping and hiking and
developing your skills out of doors, it is about
becoming a leader and standing up for people that need
help. It is about giving back to the community and
society to make your country that much better. That is
what Scouting is about for everyone. Religion is an
individual choice and should be recognized as that by
Scouts, but it should never be used to exclude boys from
Scouts. ?
Not allowing atheists into Scouts defies both American
and Scouting values. It teaches kids to hate and to
think of atheists as lesser people. It teaches them to
fear differences rather than understand them.
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And in September of 2010, a Dallas-area father who had helped
organize fundraisers for the Scouts was reportedly "told he
can't wear the Scout leader shirt he was given �the previous]
year and that he cannot serve in a leadership position because
of his sexual orientation." ("Gay Father Ousted as Scout
Leader," Houston Chronicle, Oct. 17, 2010.) The father
remarked, "What message does that send to my son? It says I'm a
second-class citizen." (Id.)
Recent Reported Evidence of Continuing Discrimination Engaged in
By National Organization of the Boy Scouts : Lest there be any
question whether the Boy Scouts of America sadly continues to
adhere to an anachronistic and hurtful policy of discrimination
against some Americans, several national news organizations
reported just this past week about a den mother for her son's
Cub Scout troop who was apparently "ousted" by the Boy Scouts
for no other reason than her sexual orientation. According to
this report:
Jennifer Tyrrell and her 7-year-old son have had many
rewarding experiences with the Boy Scouts of America, but
their participation in the national organization came to an
end because she is gay, and the group does not allow open
or avowed homosexuals in their membership. Tyrrell learned
the news on April 10. The loss has been devastating.
"We were like a family, so in essence ? we lost our
scouting family, but they also lost two members of their
scouting family," the former Tiger Cubs den leader from
Bridgeport, Ohio, told msnbc.com, at points breaking down
into tears. "The best time in our lives we've had in the
last year, it's gone ? because we can't be scouts any more.
I can't stop crying," she later added? Tyrrell, a
32-year-old stay at home mother of four, said she agreed to
become the den master on the day she signed up her son,
Cruz Burns, for the local troop, last year. She had
concerns about the Boy Scouts' policy against homosexuals,
but a Cubmaster said that - locally -- they wouldn't have
problem.
"He said they would stand, you know, hand in hand with us
and stand behind us all the way. Well, actually, that's
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been true," she said. "I've never had a problem."
Boy Scouts spokesman Deron Smith said Tyrrell was removed
from the program for being in violation of the national
policy regarding homosexuals? "This policy was understood
by her and her fellow volunteers, but not followed, upon
her registering in the program," he wrote in an email to
msnbc.com? Tyrrell said she would still be at home, crying
on the couch, if her friends hadn't encouraged her to hold
a protest in town against her dismissal and start a
campaign online to seek changes to the Boy Scouts policy.
That petition has garnered more than 170,000 signatures?"
Tyrrell said she will continue to push for changes at the
Boy Scouts and called on them to take "the high road" and
change their policy to include "all Americans." "? because
we're just people," she said. "We're just gay people who
love their kids."
( http://usnews.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/04/26/11413346-gay-mom-upset-after-dismissal-by-boy-scouts?lite )
Even the Nation's Armed Services Have Abandoned Their Prior
Discriminatory Policies Based on Sexual Orientation :
Recognizing that the BSA is a private institution and thus
technically legally free to discriminate pursuant to Boy Scouts
of America v. Dale , supra., it is nevertheless instructive to
note that even the American Armed Forces, which had long had a
policy of discrimination based on sexual orientation, has
abandoned this former approach as both unnecessary and hurtful.
In 2010 Congress passed and President Obama signed legislation
repealing "Don't Ask Don't Tell" when the President, the
Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff certified that repeal would not harm military readiness.
And the official repeal of this longstanding anachronistic
discriminatory policy became effective September 20, 2011. In
supporting this historic retreat from discrimination, then
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mullen stated that
"allowing gays and lesbians to serve openly �is] the right thing
to do."
Public Withdrawal Of Support For The Boy Scouts Demonstrates
Intolerance For Discrimination. Since the Rehnquist opinion in
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Dale , many parents, religious groups, corporations, cities,
schools and non-profit entities alike have reportedly responded
by withdrawing their support, including financial support, from
the BSA. During the decade following the Dale decision,
membership in the BSA "dropped by more than 16 percent." ("Boy
Scouts Seek a Way to Rebuild Ranks," N.Y. Times, by Katharine Q.
Seelye, July 31, 2010.) As Lambda Legal Defense and Education
Fund Executive Director Kevin M. Cathcart stated, "Parents,
religious groups, corporations, cities, and schools agree: the
Boy Scouts may have a legal right to discriminate, but that
doesn't make discrimination right."
In response to the BSA's policies, many government agencies have
been compelled to discontinue funding for programs and
partnerships involving the Scouts. For example, in 2010 the Los
Angeles Police Department restructured its youth "Explorer"
program so as to completely cut ties with "Learning for Life," a
subsidy of the Boy Scouts that had managed the program. ("LAPD,
Citing Discrimination, Ends Affiliation of Its Youth Program
with Scouts," by Howard Friedman, Religion Clause, Dec. 29,
2009.) The disassociation took place because "affiliation with
�the Boy Scouts] conflict�ed] with the city's non-discrimination
policy." (Id.) Similarly, in October of 2011, the School Board
of Pinellas County, Florida, voted to discontinue grant funding
of "Learning for Life" because of the BSA's discriminatory
policies. ("Pinellas Schools Reject Grant for Scout Program,"
by Rebecca Catalanello, St. Petersburg Times, Oct. 12, 2011.)
Such decisions reflect the sound policy judgment that the
benefits gained by the Scouts' involvement in community programs
should not come at the cost of violating widely-held principles
of equality.
Strikingly, one of the most famous Eagle Scouts of all,
filmmaker Steven Spielberg, stepped down from an advisory board
of the Boy Scouts, stating, "The last few years in Scouting have
deeply saddened me to see the Boy Scouts of America actively and
publicly participating in discrimination. It's a real shame."
("Supreme Court Ruling Yields Unexpected Lesson for Boy Scouts
of America," Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund, Press
Release, June 21, 2001.) Individual troops have also this past
decade made similar appeals, leading to the expulsion of some
troops, including seven different troops in Oak Park, IL because
of their refusal to comply with the anti-gay policy. ("Boy
Scout Policy Sparks Impassioned Debate on Gays," Gannett News
Service, by Fredereka Schouten, March 12, 2001.)
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Recent Developments Within The BSA's Own Governance Structure
Also Demonstrate The Increasing Unfairness Of Its Discriminatory
Policies . Recently, the BSA's 294 local councils, charged with
administering the BSA program at the local level, have not
expressed uniform support for the BSA's stance. For example,
some councils, without expressly disavowing the BSA's
discriminatory policies, have reportedly begun to "look the
other way when it comes to membership rules." ("Local Scouting
Policy Unclear; National BSA Disallows Gays," by Bronislaus B.
Kush, Worcester Telegram & Gazette, July 25, 2010.) Explicit
disagreement has also begun to emerge: for example, the Mohegan
Council, a local council in Massachusetts, has adopted a
non-discrimination policy that expressly prohibits
discrimination based upon sexual orientation, religion, or
creed. The Mohegan Council's policy evinces its recognition
that excluding or marginalizing others based upon their
religious beliefs or sexual orientation is simply incompatible
with one of the basic goals of scouting-"to teach youth 'to be
friendly, courteous and kind and to help other people at all
times.'" (Id.)
The growing rejection of BSA policies within its own ranks
suggests that the sustained efforts of public officials, civil
rights advocates, and concerned citizens may have begun a
process that may eventually result in the BSA appropriately
repudiating all forms of arbitrary discrimination. The author
notes that such a repudiation will hopefully result in a policy
similar to that of the Girl Scouts of the United States of
America, an organization that has been repeatedly commended by
this Legislature for its proud history of inclusion and its
steadfast refusal to discriminate on the basis of sexual
orientation or religious belief.
ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT : Several civil rights organizations have
written the Committee in support of this resolution and in
opposition to ACR 94 (due to its failure to urge the BSA to
abandon its discriminatory policy). Indicative of the
statements in support of this resolution is the statement by The
National Association of Social Workers, California Chapter:
We believe this resolution strikes the right balance
between honoring the BSA for its important contributions
while encouraging it to immediately end its discriminatory
practices... �We represent] over 11,000 professional social
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workers in California who have degrees from accredited
social work programs across the country. NASW-CA
advocates, on behalf of our members and their clients, for
the implementation and improvement of programs and policies
designed to enhance human well-being and help meet the
basic needs of all people? It is the position of the
NASW-CA that same-gender sexual orientation should be
afforded the same respect and rights as other-gender
orientation, and that discrimination is damaging to the
affected group and society as a whole.
Pending Related Legislation. As noted above, ACR 94 (Morrell),
also scheduled to be heard by the Committee, seeks to
congratulate the Boy Scouts of America on its 102nd anniversary
and acknowledge its accomplishments without encouraging the
organization to halt its discriminatory policies.
ACR 116 (Harkey) makes various findings in recognizing the
efforts and contributions of the Sea Scouts and resolves that
the Legislature recognize the Sea Scouts for providing
leadership and positive opportunities for America's youth
without encouraging the organization to halt its discriminatory
policies. Dropped by the author.
Prior Related Legislation: ACR 119 (Garrick and Hagman) of 2010
sought to congratulate and commend the Boy Scouts of America on
their 100th anniversary and centennial celebration without
encouraging the organization to halt its discriminatory policies
that regrettably harm individuals seeking to be scouts and
excluded from this opportunity solely due to their personal
characteristics, died in Committee.
ACR 155 (Cogdill) of 2006 sought to recognize the efforts of Boy
Scouts who earn the rank of Eagle Scout without encouraging the
organization to halt its discriminatory policies that
regrettably harm individuals seeking to be scouts and excluded
from this opportunity solely due to their personal
characteristics, died in Committee.
ACR 38 (Cogdill) of 2005 sought to recognize the efforts of Boy
Scouts who earn the rank of Eagle Scout without encouraging the
organization to halt its discriminatory policies that
regrettably harm individuals seeking to be scouts and excluded
from this opportunity solely due to their personal
characteristics, died in Committee.
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ACR 69 (Goldberg) of 2005, Resolution Chapter 82, Statutes of
2005, similarly recognized the achievements of the Boy Scouts
but additionally encouraged the BSA to accept for membership and
leadership positions all qualified boys and men without
discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or religious
belief.
ACR 170 (Robert Pacheco) of 2004, which would have recognized
various youth organizations including the Boy Scouts of America,
died in this Committee.
ACR 59 (Robert Pacheco) of 2004, which would have recognized the
outstanding efforts of the Boy Scouts who, through persistence
and hard work, earn the rank of Eagle Scout, promote the
brotherhood of scouting across international boundaries as a
model of leadership, character, and honor, failed passage in
this Committee.
ACR 89 (Goldberg) of 2003, Resolution Chapter 118, Statutes of
2003, recognized the achievements of the Boy Scouts and
acknowledged the important contributions individual Boy Scouts
make in their communities. The resolution also encouraged the
BSA to accept for membership and leadership positions, including
the rank of Eagle Scout, all qualified boys and men without
discriminating on the basis of sexual orientation or religious
belief.
ACR 90 (Robert Pacheco) of 2001, which was not heard in this
Committee, would have made various findings in congratulating
the Boy Scouts of America on the 85th anniversary of the
granting of its federal charter by Congress, failed passage on
the Assembly Floor.
ACR 140 (Robert Pacheco) of 2001, which would have made various
findings in congratulating the Boy Scouts of America on the
anniversary of the granting of its Federal Congressional
Charter, failed passage in this Committee.
SR 15 (Knight) of 2001, which congratulated the Boy Scouts of
America on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of its
congressional charter, was adopted by the Senate.
AB 1592 (Wyman) of 2001, which would have allowed a charitable,
expressive, and social organization, such as the Boy Scouts of
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America (the Boy Scouts), to discriminate in its membership
decisions by exempting such organizations from the Unruh Civil
Rights Act, died in this Committee.
REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION :
Support
Equality California (EQCA)
Asian and Pacific Islanders California Action Network (APIsCAN)
National Center for Lesbian Rights
Lambda Legal
National Association of Social Workers, California Chapter
(NASW-CA)
Opposition
None on file
Analysis Prepared by : Drew Liebert / JUD. / (916) 319-2334