BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 306
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          ASSEMBLY THIRD READING
          AB 306 (Gatto)
          As Amended  May 27, 2011
          Majority vote 

           NATURAL RESOURCES   6-1         TRANSPORTATION      11-1        
           
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          |Ayes:|Chesbro, Knight,          |Ayes:|Bonnie Lowenthal,         |
          |     |Brownley, Dickinson,      |     |Jeffries, Achadjian,      |
          |     |Monning, Skinner          |     |Blumenfield, Buchanan,    |
          |     |                          |     |Eng, Furutani, Galgiani,  |
          |     |                          |     |Miller, Portantino,       |
          |     |                          |     |Solorio                   |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Halderman                 |Nays:|Logue                     |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
           APPROPRIATIONS      12-5                                        
           
           ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
          |Ayes:|Fuentes, Blumenfield,     |     |                          |
          |     |Bradford, Charles         |     |                          |
          |     |Calderon, Campos, Davis,  |     |                          |
          |     |Gatto, Hall, Hill, Lara,  |     |                          |
          |     |Mitchell, Solorio         |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
          |-----+--------------------------+-----+--------------------------|
          |Nays:|Harkey, Donnelly,         |     |                          |
          |     |Nielsen, Norby, Wagner    |     |                          |
          |     |                          |     |                          |
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           SUMMARY  :  Authorizes the California Energy Commission (CEC) to 
          conduct research on piezoelectric transducers and establish a 
          pilot project employing the technology in collaboration with the 
          California Department of Transportation (Caltrans).  
          Specifically, this bill:
           
          1)Authorizes the CEC to conduct research on the feasibility of 
            generating electricity using piezoelectric transducers under 
            major roadways.

          2)Requires the CEC to collaborate with Caltrans to establish a 








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            pilot project that would employ piezoelectric-based energy 
            harvesting technology if the CEC finds it is appropriate.

          3)Requires the CEC to report its findings in the 2013 Integrated 
            Energy Policy Report (IEPR).

          4)Sunsets the above provisions January 1, 2015.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Requires the CEC to assess electricity infrastructure trends 
            and issues facing California and develop and recommend energy 
            policies for the state to address and resolve such issues as 
            part of its biennial IEPR.  The IEPR covers three main 
            subjects:  electricity and natural gas markets; transportation 
            fuels, technologies and infrastructure; and, public interest 
            energy strategies.

          2)Directs about $70 million per year of energy utilities 
            ratepayer funds to the CEC to administer the Public Interest 
            Energy Research (PIER) Program.  PIER funds are allocated 
            according to general statutory guidelines and a more specific 
            CEC-developed investment plan.  Investments in research, 
            development and demonstration (RD&D) are permitted in energy 
            technologies that provide tangible benefits to the utility 
            customers who fund the program.  Collection of funds for these 
            purposes currently is authorized until 2012.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Assembly Appropriations 
          Committee: 

          1)Potential minor, absorbable costs to CEC, should it choose to 
            conduct initial research �Public Interest Research, 
            Development, and Demonstration Fund (PIRDDF)].

          2)Potential significant costs to CEC, likely in the hundreds of 
            thousands to millions of dollars, to conduct additional 
            research, which would include a pilot project, should CEC 
            choose to pursue such research (PIRDDF).  

          3)Potential costs to Caltrans, possibly in the millions of 
            dollars, to install pilot project, which, according to 
            Caltrans, would need to occur on the state's busiest 
            commercial corridors and to remove it should the pilot project 








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            prove damaging to roadway or the vehicles that use it or 
            present a safety hazard, should CEC choose to pursue such 
            research (PIRDFF or State Highway Account).

           COMMENTS  :  Piezoelectricity is the charge which accumulates in 
          certain materials, such as crystals and ceramics, in response to 
          applied mechanical strain.  The piezoelectric technology 
          installed under the surface of roads described in this bill is 
          patented by Israel-based Innowattech.  According to the firm's 
          Web site:

               Innowattech has developed a new technology, which enables 
               harvesting and conversion of mechanical energy of the 
               passing vehicles, wasted throughout movement, into 
               electrical energy.  The mechanical energy is derived from 
               the compression stress created during the vehicles' travel 
               on road?The energy expended on the vehicle's movement is 
               mainly used to overcome rolling resistance, resistance 
               occurring when the wheel is moving forward on the road 
               surface.  In addition to the energy used to move the wheel 
               forward (in the horizontal direction), part of the fuel 
               combustion is wasted on creating a deformation in the 
               asphalt, which is basically the product of the loaded 
               wheel's influence on the road surface? When a vehicle 
               passes over a road, the road deflects vertically.  The 
               deflection is proportional to the weight of the vehicle and 
               the asphalt stiffness?Innowattech's generators are embedded 
               at a depth of about 5 cm; the area where the compression 
               stress is maximal.  The external load results in the 
               deformation in both the asphalt layer covering the 
               generators and the generators ?The deformation of the 
               generator and the shortening of the piezoelectric columns 
               embedded in the generators, generate charges on the 
               piezoelectric columns that are the source for the electric 
               energy.

          Innowattech claims, on the basis of mathematical models, that 
          its generators have a potential to generate an average of 200 
          kilowatts per hour for the highway with traffic of 600 heavy 
          trucks/buses per hour on average (very high traffic).  These 
          estimates have not been confirmed and actual generation data 
          from Innowattech's demonstration projects in Israel is not 
          available to the Natural Resources Committee.  Existing research 
          on piezoelectric technology funded by the CEC's PIER program has 








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          focused on the micro-watt scale.  The CEC is not able to 
          estimate the potential or cost of the technology at larger 
          scales.

           Analysis Prepared by  :  Lawrence Lingbloom / NAT. RES. / (916) 
          319-2092                                          FN: 0001068