BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �



                                                                  AB 306
                                                                  Page 1

          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
          AB 306 (Gatto)
          As Amended  August 15, 2011
          Majority vote
           
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |73-3 |(June 1, 2011)  |SENATE: |     |(September 8,  |
          |           |     |                |        |27-9 |2011)          |
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           Original Committee Reference:   NAT. RES.  

           SUMMARY  :  Requires the California Energy Commission (CEC) to 
          conduct research on piezoelectric transducers; requires, 
          contingent on positive research results, CEC to establish a 
          pilot project(s) employing the piezoelectric transducers; 
          requires the California Department of Transportation's 
          (Caltrans) involvement in the research and pilot project(s) if 
          the pilot project(s) is conducted in a facility under Caltrans' 
          jurisdiction.  

           The Senate amendments  , delete the provisions related to 1) and 
          2) in "AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY" below, and instead:

          1)Require the CEC to conduct research on the feasibility of 
            generating electricity using piezoelectric transducers under 
            major roadways.

          2)Require the CEC to award the piezoelectric transducers 
            research projects through competitive solicitations, 
            interagency agreements, or agreements with other governmental 
            entities.

          3)Require the CEC to establish a pilot project or projects to 
            employ piezoelectric-based energy harvesting technology if the 
            CEC finds, based on initial research, that the 
            piezoelectric-based energy-harvesting technology has the 
            potential to generate electricity with the performance, 
            reliability, and cost projections that are comparable to 
            existing or emerging renewable energy sources.

          4)Require the CEC to collaborate with Caltrans if the pilot 
            project is conducted in a facility that is part of the state 
            highway or rail system under Caltrans' jurisdiction.









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          5)Require Caltrans to conduct research on the 
            piezoelectric-based energy-harvesting technology according to 
            its usual research protocol if the pilot project is conducted 
            in a facility that is part of the state highway or rail system 
            under Caltrans' jurisdiction.

          6)Authorize the CEC to expend the moneys in the Renewable 
            Resources Trust Fund, upon appropriation by the Legislature, 
            to implement 1) through 5) above.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Requires the CEC to assess electricity infrastructure trends 
            and issues facing California and develop and recommend energy 
            policies for the state to address and resolve such issues as 
            part of its biennial Integrated Energy Policy Report (IEPR).  
            The IEPR covers three main subjects:  electricity and natural 
            gas markets; transportation fuels, technologies and 
            infrastructure; and, public interest energy strategies.

          2)Directs about $70 million per year of energy utilities 
            ratepayer funds to the CEC to administer the Public Interest 
            Energy Research (PIER) Program.  PIER funds are allocated 
            according to general statutory guidelines and a more specific 
            CEC-developed investment plan.  Investments in research, 
            development and demonstration (RD&D) are permitted in energy 
            technologies that provide tangible benefits to the utility 
            customers who fund the program.  Collection of funds for these 
            purposes currently is authorized until 2012.

          3)Establishes the Renewable Resource Trust Fund, which is 
            administered by the CEC and used to:  a) support market 
            competition among in-state existing renewable electricity 
            facilities through varying incentives; b) stimulate renewable 
            technology market growth by providing rebates to purchasers of 
            on-site renewable energy generation while effecting market 
            expansion; and, c) inform the public about the benefits of 
            renewable energy and available choices of emerging renewable 
            energy technologies through information dissemination and 
            project demonstrations.  This fund is supported by the Public 
            Goods Charge, a tax paid by electricity ratepayers in the 
            state.

           AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY  , this bill:  
           








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          1)Authorized the CEC to conduct research on the feasibility of 
            generating electricity using piezoelectric transducers under 
            major roadways.

          2)Required the CEC to collaborate with Caltrans to establish a 
            pilot project that would employ piezoelectric-based energy 
            harvesting technology if the CEC finds it is appropriate.

          3)Required the CEC to report its findings in the 2013 Integrated 
            Energy Policy Report (IEPR).

          4)Sunset the above provisions January 1, 2015.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  According to the Senate Appropriations 
          Committee: 

          1)$300,000 to $500,000 in costs for the CEC's initial research.  
            (Renewable Resources Trust Fund)

          2)$600,000 to $800,000 in costs to Caltrans' initial research.  
            (State Highway Account)

          3)Costs likely in the millions for conducting pilot projects.  
            (Renewable Resources Trust Fund and/or State Highway Account) 

           COMMENTS  :  Piezoelectricity is the charge which accumulates in 
          certain materials, such as crystals and ceramics, in response to 
          applied mechanical strain.  The piezoelectric technology 
          installed under the surface of roads described in this bill is 
          patented by Israel-based Innowattech.  According to the firm's 
          Web site:

               Innowattech has developed a new technology, which enables 
               harvesting and conversion of mechanical energy of the 
               passing vehicles, wasted throughout movement, into 
               electrical energy.  The mechanical energy is derived from 
               the compression stress created during the vehicles' travel 
               on road?The energy expended on the vehicle's movement is 
               mainly used to overcome rolling resistance, resistance 
               occurring when the wheel is moving forward on the road 
               surface.  In addition to the energy used to move the wheel 
               forward (in the horizontal direction), part of the fuel 
               combustion is wasted on creating a deformation in the 
               asphalt, which is basically the product of the loaded 
               wheel's influence on the road surface? When a vehicle 








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               passes over a road, the road deflects vertically.  The 
               deflection is proportional to the weight of the vehicle and 
               the asphalt stiffness?Innowattech's generators are embedded 
               at a depth of about 5 cm; the area where the compression 
               stress is maximal.  The external load results in the 
               deformation in both the asphalt layer covering the 
               generators and the generators ?The deformation of the 
               generator and the shortening of the piezoelectric columns 
               embedded in the generators, generate charges on the 
               piezoelectric columns that are the source for the electric 
               energy.

          Innowattech claims, on the basis of mathematical models, that 
          its generators have a potential to generate an average of 200 
          kilowatts per hour for the highway with traffic of 600 heavy 
          trucks/buses per hour on average (very high traffic).  These 
          estimates have not been confirmed and actual generation data 
          from Innowattech's demonstration projects in Israel is not 
          available to the Natural Resources Committee.  Existing research 
          on piezoelectric technology funded by the CEC's PIER program has 
          focused on the micro-watt scale.  The CEC is not able to 
          estimate the potential or cost of the technology at larger 
          scales.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Lawrence Lingbloom / NAT. RES. / (916) 
          319-2092                                          


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