BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    �







                      SENATE COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC SAFETY
                            Senator Loni Hancock, Chair              A
                             2011-2012 Regular Session               B

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          AB 324 (Buchanan)                                           
          As Amended February 7, 2012 
          Hearing date:  February 9, 2012
          Welfare and Institutions Code (URGENCY)
          AA:mc

                           DIVISION OF JUVENILE FACILITIES:

                  COMMITMENT AND HOUSING OF JUVENILE SEX OFFENDERS

                                           
                                       HISTORY

          Source:  California District Attorneys Association; Chief 
          Probation Officers of California

          Prior Legislation: SB 81 (Committee on Budget and Fiscal Review) 
          - Ch. 175, Stats. 2007
                       AB 191 (Committee on Budget) - Ch. 257, Stats. 2007

          Support: Chief Probation Officers for the Counties of Mariposa, 
                   Monterey, Sacramento,
                   San Francisco, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Sutter; 
                   Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 
                   1000; Peace Officers Research Association of 
                   California; State Coalition of Probation Organizations

          Opposition:California Public Defenders Association (unless 
                   amended); California Attorneys for Criminal Justice
           

                                        KEY ISSUES
           




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          SHOULD JUVENILE OFFENDERS WHO ARE ADJUDICATED WARDS OF THE 
          JUVENILE COURT FOR A REGISTERABLE SEX CRIME, AS SPECIFIED, BE 
          EXPRESSLY ELIGIBLE FOR COMMITMENT TO THE DIVISION OF JUVENILE 
          FACILITIES ("DJF")?

          SHOULD DJF BE AUTHORIZED TO FURNISH HOUSING FOR WARDS OF THE 
          JUVENILE COURT AFFECTED BY THE RECENT SUPREME COURT CASE,  IN RE 
          C.H.  , (DEC. 2011) 53 Cal.4th 94, PURSUANT TO A CONTRACTUAL 
          AGREEMENT BETWEEN DJJ AND A COUNTY, AS SPECIFIED?

                                       PURPOSE

          The purpose of this bill is to address the recent California 
          Supreme Court decision in  In re C.H  ., (2011) 53 Cal.4th 94, by 
          1) expressly authorizing the commitment to the Division of 
          Juvenile Facilities of juveniles offenders who have been 
          adjudicated to be wards of the juvenile court for a registerable 
          sex offense, as specified; and 2) authorizing DJF to enter into 
          contracts with counties to furnish housing to certain juvenile 
          sex offenders committed to DJF, as specified.

           Current law  generally authorizes the juvenile court to order 
          specified types of treatment for minors adjudged to be 
          delinquent wards of the court.  (Welfare and Institutions Code 
          ("WIC") 
          � 731.)  

           Current statute  authorizes the juvenile court to commit a 
          delinquent ward to the Department of Corrections and 
          Rehabilitation, Division of Juvenile Facilities ("DJF"), if the 
          ward has committed an offense described in subdivision (b) of 
          Section 707 and is not otherwise ineligible for commitment to 
          the division under Section 733.  (WIC � 731(a)(4).)

           This bill  would revise this provision to expressly allow the 
          juvenile court to commit a delinquent ward to DJF if the ward 
          has committed a sex offense, as described in subdivision (c) of 







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          Section 290.008 of the Penal Code.<1>

           Current law  provides that a ward of the juvenile court who meets 
          any condition described
          below shall not be committed to DJF:  

             (a) The ward is under 11 years of age.
             (b) The ward is suffering from any contagious, infectious, or 
           other disease that would probably endanger the lives or health 
           of the other inmates of any facility.
             (c) The ward has been or is adjudged a ward of the court 
           pursuant to Section 602, and the most recent offense alleged in 
           any petition and admitted or found to be true by the court is 
           not described in subdivision (b) of Section 707, unless the 
           offense is a sex offense set forth in subdivision (c) of 
           Section 290.008 of the Penal Code.  This subdivision shall be 
           effective on and after September 1, 2007.  (WIC � 733.)

           This bill  would revise subdivision (c) of this section to 
          instead state, "The ward has been or is adjudged a ward of the 
          court pursuant to Section 602, and the most recent offense 
          alleged in any petition and admitted or found to be true by the 
          court is not described in subdivision (b) of Section 707,  unless 
          the offense is a sex offense set forth in   or  subdivision (c) of 
          Section 290.008 of the Penal Code.  . . ."

          Current law  authorizes DJF to enter into contracts with a county 
          to furnish diagnosis and treatment services and temporary 
          detention during a period of study to the county for selected 
          cases of persons eligible for commitment to DJF, as specified.  
          (WIC � 1752.1.)

           Current law  further authorizes DJF to enter into contracts with 
          a county to furnish temporary emergency detention facilities and 
          necessary services for persons under the age of 18 years who are 
          ---------------------------
          <1>   Penal Code section 290.008 generally requires persons who 
          have been adjudicated a delinquent ward of the court for a sex 
          crime who are discharged or paroled from DJF to register as a 
          sex offender.  Subdivision (c) of section 290.008 enumerates the 
          sex crimes subject to this section.  



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          in the custody of the county probation officer on a temporary 
          basis when existing county juvenile facilities are rendered 
          unsafe or inadequate because of a natural or manmade disaster, 
          or when the continued presence of the minor or minors in the 
          county juvenile facilities would, in the opinion of the judge of 
          the juvenile court having jurisdiction over the minor, of the 
          chief probation officer of the county, and of the director, 
          present a significant risk of violence or escape.  (WIC � 
          1752.15.)

           This bill  would authorize the chief of the Division of Juvenile 
          Facilities, with approval of the Director of Finance, to "enter 
          into contracts with any county of this state for the Division of 
          Juvenile Facilities to furnish housing to a ward who was in the 
          custody of the Division of Juvenile Facilities on December 12, 
          2011, and whose commitment was recalled based on both of the 
          following:

               (1) The ward was committed to the Division of Juvenile 
          Facilities for the commission of an offense described in 
          subdivision (c) of Section 290.008 of the Penal Code.
               (2) The ward has not been adjudged a ward of the court 
          pursuant to Section 602 for commission of an offense described 
          in subdivision (b) of Section 707.

           This bill  would provide in statute that it "is the intent of the 
          Legislature in enacting this act to address the California 
          Supreme Court's ruling in In re C.H. (2011) 53 Cal.4th 94."  
            
                    RECEIVERSHIP/OVERCROWDING CRISIS AGGRAVATION
          
          For the last several years, severe overcrowding in California's 
          prisons has been the focus of evolving and expensive litigation. 
           As these cases have progressed, prison conditions have 
          continued to be assailed, and the scrutiny of the federal courts 
          over California's prisons has intensified.  

          On June 30, 2005, in a class action lawsuit filed four years 
          earlier, the United States District Court for the Northern 
          District of California established a Receivership to take 




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          control of the delivery of medical services to all California 
          state prisoners confined by the California Department of 
          Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR").  In December of 2006, 
          plaintiffs in two federal lawsuits against CDCR sought a 
          court-ordered limit on the prison population pursuant to the 
          federal Prison Litigation Reform Act.  On January 12, 2010, a 
          three-judge federal panel issued an order requiring California 
          to reduce its inmate population to 137.5 percent of design 
          capacity -- a reduction at that time of roughly 40,000 inmates 
          -- within two years.  The court stayed implementation of its 
          ruling pending the state's appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court.  

          On May 23, 2011, the United States Supreme Court upheld the 
          decision of the three-judge panel in its entirety, giving 
          California two years from the date of its ruling to reduce its 
          prison population to 137.5 percent of design capacity, subject 
          to the right of the state to seek modifications in appropriate 
          circumstances.  
           
          In response to the unresolved prison capacity crisis, in early 
          2007 the Senate Committee on Public Safety began holding 
          legislative proposals which could further exacerbate prison 
          overcrowding through new or expanded felony prosecutions.     

           This bill  does not aggravate the prison overcrowding crisis 
          described above.


                                      COMMENTS

          1.  Stated Purpose for this Bill
           
          The author states in part:

               In 2007, via the enactment of SB 81 and AB 191, the 
               Legislature narrowed the universe of juvenile 
               offenders that are eligible for commitment to the 
               Division of Juvenile Facilities (DJF).  The intent of 
               those bills was to limit DJF commitments to juvenile 
               offenders adjudicated for offenses under WIC section 




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               707(b) or sex offenses under PC section 290.008(c) 
               (the successor statute to PC section 290(d)(3)).  This 
               intent is memorialized by Assembly and Senate Floor 
               Analyses that include statements such as:  "Juvenile 
               sex offenders are excluded from this change and will 
               not be impacted by �SB 81]" and "�AB 191] makes 
               conforming changes to ensure that none of the juvenile 
               justice reforms contained in the 2007 Corrections 
               trailer bill affect juveniles adjudicated of a sex 
               offense as set forth in paragraph (3) of subdivision 
               (d) of Section 290 of the Penal Code."  In other 
               words, these bills were not meant to exclude sex 
               offenders from commitment to DJF. 

               On December 12, 2011, the California Supreme Court 
               ruled that a juvenile offender may not be committed to 
               DJF for a sex offense described in PC section 
               290.008(c) unless the juvenile has also been 
               adjudicated for a current or prior offense described 
               in WIC section 707(b).  The case is In re C.H. (2011) 
               53 Cal.4th 94.  The Supreme Court, in making its 
               ruling, read WIC sections 731 and 733 as statutes 
               determining eligibility and ineligibility, 
               respectively, for placements at DJF.  According to the 
               Court, the plain language of WIC section 731 only 
               allows juvenile offenders with a WIC section 707(b) 
               offense to be committed to DJF.  While WIC section 733 
               does not make a minor with a sex offense ineligible, 
               the Court held that the lack of ineligibility does not 
               make a minor eligible for a DJF commitment.  

               This bill would clarify that a juvenile offender 
               adjudicated for a specified sex offense may be 
               committed to the DJF, regardless of whether the 
               juvenile has also been adjudicated for a current or 
               prior offense under WIC section 707(b).  To ensure 
               that juvenile offenders who have committed sex 
               offenses remain eligible for DJF commitment, WIC 
               sections 731 and 733 must be amended to clarify the 
               intent of the Legislature in enacting SB 81 and AB 




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               191.  AB 324 merely clarifies what most stakeholders 
               and practitioners understood to be the state of the 
               law after SB 81 and AB 191, that is, a juvenile 
               offender with  either  a WIC section 707(b) offense  or  a 
               PC section 290.008(c) sex offense is eligible for 
               commitment to DJF.

               AB 324 also creates a procedure whereby the limited 
               class of juvenile offenders affected by this ruling 
               may be housed at DJF pursuant to a contract with their 
               committing counties.  If this measure is not approved, 
               the sex offender treatment being received by these 
               wards would be disturbed.  Additionally, it appears 
               that most counties would be ill-prepared to house and 
               treat these wards locally.  (Emphasis in original.)

          2.  Opposition
           
          The California Public Defenders Association ("CPDA"), which 
          opposes this bill, submits that the class of sex offenses this 
          bill would make eligible for DJF commitment is too broad.  CPDA 
          argues in part:

               We contend that there are two categories of offenses, 
               which are included in the list of 290.008 registrable 
               offenses which should not subject a juvenile to 
               commitment at DJF.  The first is Penal Code section 
               647.6, a misdemeanor which prohibits annoying or 
               molesting a person under 18.  The second is Penal Code 
               section 288(a) which most often involves minor 
               touching between either siblings, or intermarital 
               families, or relatives.  Violations of Penal Code 
               section 288(a) can occur based on hugging, if the 
               intent is to arouse that person or child and includes 
               touching over clothing.  It is important to note that 
               there is no force involved in 288(a) offenses, for 
               similar actions involving force are charged as 
               violating Penal Code section 288(b)(1).  There are 
               myriad emotional, psychological, and behavioral 
               distinctions between juveniles with sexual behavior 




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               problems and adult sex offenders.  Accordingly, vastly 
               different treatment is recommended and proves 
               successful for juvenile offenders, who, it should be 
               noted, are much less likely to reoffend than adult 
               offenders.  Specifically, evidence has shown that 
               community based treatment is far more successful for 
               juvenile offenders than institutional treatment (such 
               as they would receive at DJF.)  This is in large part 
               due to concerns regarding "peer contagion" (i.e. 
               juveniles with minor, unsophisticated offenses (like 
               so many of the 288 (a)'s) being exposed in an 
               institutionalized setting to more sophisticated sexual 
               offenders.)  ("The Comprehensive Approach to Sex 
               Offender Management," The Center for Effective Policy, 
               2010.)  In other words, committing juvenile 288(a) 
               offenders to DJF, may well lead to unintended and 
               detrimental consequences for juveniles who otherwise 
               would be very unlikely to reoffend, and the 
               communities into which they are ultimately released. 

               AB 324 presents a false construct, namely that only 
               DJF provides meaningful and effective sex offender 
               treatment.  In January 2012, Governor Brown released 
               his budget blueprint which includes the entire 
               elimination of all DJF prisons for youthful offenders. 
                Not only does annual cost of housing a child in DJF 
               approximate $200,000 per child, but the Governor's 
               proposal to eliminate DJF is rooted in failed attempts 
               to rehabilitate juvenile offenders and improve public 
               safety. 

               Meaningful sex offender treatment for child offenders 
               can and should take place in the community or in an 
               alternative residential placement, in programs that 
               have been evaluated for their effectiveness.  Because 
               it found that C.H. was not statutorily eligible for 
               DJF placement, the California Supreme Court in In re 
               C.H. expressly declined to consider whether it was 
               error to commit C.H. to the DJF without evidence 
               demonstrating probable benefit to him from his 




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               commitment and/or without adequately considering 
               alternative placements.  But California's worsening 
               budget woes and our obligation to provide meaningful 
               and effective treatment to children in delinquency 
               proceedings, even those charged with committing sex 
               offenses requires a real commitment to treatment that 
               most effectively utilizes precious taxpayer dollars 
               and is not focused on punitive principles of 
               retribution.  . . . 

          3.  What This Bill Would Do
           
          As explained above, this bill responds to the recent decision in 
           In re C.H  ., (Dec. 2011) 53 Cal.4th 94, in which the California 
          Supreme Court held that current law did not authorize the 
          commitment of a juvenile sex offender to the Division of 
          Juvenile Facilities ("DJF") because the juvenile was not 
          adjudicated to have committed an offense enumerated in 
          subdivision (b) of Welfare and Institutions Code ("WIC") section 
          707.  There are about 65 DJF wards committed to DJF after the 
          enactment of SB 81 in 2007 for a sex crime not described in WIC 
          section 707(b).  This bill would allow for these wards to 
          continue to be housed in DJF until they reach their maximum age 
          of jurisdiction (21 years), and would clarify statute to more 
          clearly state that wards who have been adjudicated to have 
          committed a registerable sex crime are eligible for DJF 
          commitment.   

          Specifically, this bill would do the following:

                 Enact clear statutory language authorizing the juvenile 
               court to commit a delinquent ward to DJF if the ward has 
               committed a sex offense, as described in subdivision (c) of 
               Section 290.008 of the Penal Code; 
                 Enact clear statutory language describing wards 
               ineligible for DJF to not include those adjudicated to have 
               committed a sex offense for which registration would be 
               required, as specified;

                 Authorize  DJF enter into contracts with a county to 




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               furnish housing to a ward who was in the custody of DJF on 
               December 12, 2011, and whose commitment was recalled based 
               on both of the following:

                   (1) The ward was committed to DJF for the commission of 
          a registerable sex crime,     as specified; and
                   (2) The ward has not been adjudged a ward of the court 
          pursuant to Section 602 for   commission of an offense described 
          in subdivision (b) of Section 707; and

                 Provide in statute that it "is the intent of the 
               Legislature in enacting this act to address the California 
               Supreme Court's ruling in In re C.H. (2011) 53 Cal.4th 94." 
                

          4.  Background: SB 81 (2007); In re C.H.

           In 2007 as part of the budget, the Legislature passed and the 
          Governor signed into law SB 81.  That measure included 
          provisions to tighten eligibility for commitment to DJF to the 
          most serious juvenile offenders.  Due in part to this 
          "realignment" of the juvenile offender population, the DJF 
          population has dropped dramatically.  At the time SB 81 was 
          implemented, there were 2,480 wards at DJF; last month, there 
          were 993.

          Official analyses prepared by the Legislature at that time 
          unequivocally indicated that the Legislature did not intend this 
          change to exclude juvenile sex offenders from eligibility for 
          DJF commitment.  Floor analyses for SB 81 in both houses stated 
          in part:

               Juvenile sex offenders are excluded from this change 
               and will not be impacted by this bill.<2>

          Similarly, AB 191 (Committee on Budget)(Ch. 257, Stats. 2007) 
          was enacted in September of 2007 to modify SB 81 including, as 
          ---------------------------
          <2>   Bill Analysis of SB 81 as amended July 19, 2007, prepared 
          by Senate Office of Floor Analysis.  See also Assembly Floor 
          Analysis of SB 81 as amended July 19, 2007.   



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          explained in the floor analysis, to make:

               . . . conforming changes  to ensure that none of the 
               juvenile justice reforms contained in the SB 81 affect 
               juveniles adjudicated of a sex offense  as set forth in 
               paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 290 of the 
               Penal Code.<3>   


          SB 81 amended WIC section 731 to narrow the juvenile court's 
          authority to commit a juvenile delinquent to DJF to those wards 
          adjudicated to have committed a serious or violent offense as 
          described in WIC section 707(b).  SB 81, which also recast WIC 
          section 733 to describe which juvenile offenders are ineligible 
          for commitment to DJF, included the following, now contained in 
          subdivision (c) of WIC section 733: 

               (c) The ward has been or is adjudged a ward of the 
               court pursuant to Section 602, and the most recent 
               offense alleged in any petition and admitted or found 
               to be true by the court is  not  described in 
               subdivision (b) of Section 707,  unless the offense is 
               a sex offense set forth in subdivision (c) of Section 
               290.008 of the Penal Code.   This subdivision shall be 
               effective on and after September 1, 2007.  (Emphasis 
               added.)

          The  C.H.  case, decided on December 12, 2011, involved a youthful 
          offender who, in February of 2009, was committed to DJF after 
          unsuccessful programming efforts at the local level "in order to 
                                              ---------------------------
          <3>   Bill Analysis of AB 191 as amended September 7, 2007, 
          prepared by the Senate Office of Floor Analysis.  (emphasis 
          added.)  See also Assembly Floor Analysis of AB 191 - 
          Concurrence in Senate Amendments, September 7, 2007.  (Note that 
          Penal Code section 290(d)(3), cited in the 2007 floor analysis, 
          subsequently was non-substantively amended to be renumbered as 
          Penal Code section 290.008, which is the cross-referenced used 
          in this bill.)   





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          enable him to participate in its sex offender program."<4>  The 
          commitment offense was Penal Code section 288(a), a registerable 
          sex offense not described in WIC section 707(b).<5>  

          The Court focused its analysis on WIC section 731 and 733, and 
          reconciled their apparent inconsistent provisions concerning 
          juvenile sex offenders by concluding that the language in 
          section 733 was intended to provide a more "nuanced approach" 
          authorizing DJF commitment for non-707(b) juvenile sex offenders 
          who had a previously sustained petition for a 707(b) offense.  
          Thus, the Court concluded that a delinquent ward was eligible 
          for DJF commitment if the ward was being committed for a 707(b) 
          offense, or for a registerable sex crime if the ward had a 
          ---------------------------
          <4>   C.H., S183737 at 4 (the text of the decision is available 
          online at http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/ 
          opinions/documents/S183737.PDF).
          <5>   The Court explained: "Section 707(b) does not list the 
          offense of a lewd and lascivious act on a child within the 
          meaning of subdivision (a) of Penal Code section 288, the 
          offense with which C.H. was charged and that he admitted 
          committing.  Section 707(b) lists 30 serious or violent 
          felonies, including the sex offenses of rape with force, 
          violence or threat of great bodily harm, sodomy by force, 
          violence, duress, menace or threat of great bodily harm, oral 
          copulation by force, violence, duress, menace or threat of great 
          bodily harm, forcible penetration with a foreign object as 
          specified in subdivision (a) of Penal Code section 289, and a 
          forcible lewd or lascivious act on a child described by 
          subdivision (b) of Penal Code section 288.  (� 707, subd. 
          (b)(4)-(8).)"  (  In re C.H.  , supra, fn. (3).)








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          previous 707(b) offense in their history.<6>  

          Noting that "only when a statute's language is ambiguous or 
          susceptible of more than one reasonable interpretation may we 
          turn to extrinsic aids to assist in interpretation," the Court 
          concluded under the circumstances presented by its analysis "it 
          is inappropriate to resort to the legislative history . . . to 
          consider whether an otherwise undisclosed legislative intent 
          might be reflected."<7>  Accordingly, the Court apparently did 
          not consider the legislative intent described in the floor 
          analyses quoted above.   

          5.  Background: Affected Population; Responses to the Decision; 
          Potential Consequences

           Sixty-five juvenile offenders committed to DJF are affected by 
          the  C.H  . case.  Most of these juvenile offenders - fifty-one - 
          were adjudicated to have committed a non-forcible child 
          molestation crime (Penal Code section 288(a).)  All of these 
          offenders are subject to a maximum DJF jurisdiction of 21 years 
          of age.  Two of these offenders - one age 21 and one age 22 - 
          are being confined beyond their maximum confinement age pursuant 
          to the civil commitment provisions contained in WIC section 
          1800.  Out of the 170 juvenile sex offenders at DJF, almost 
          forty percent of them are subject to the  C.H.  decision.

          In January, the Division of Juvenile Justice sent letters to 
          presiding judges of the juvenile court advising them of the  C.H.  
          decision, providing them with a roster of youth committed to DJF 
          from their respective counties who may have been ineligible for 
          DJF commitment under the decision, and to request that the court 
          take appropriate action for all cases determined by the court to 
          be affected by  C.H.   As of February 3rd, six wards have been 
          removed from DJF to their county of commitments, and at least 
          three have been recalled by the court and are awaiting further 
          disposition.  
          ---------------------------
          <6>   "We agree that certain juvenile sex offenders are eligible 
          for DJF, but only so long as they have a prior or current 
          section 707(b) offense sustained against them."  (C.H., supra, 
          at 10.)
          <7>   C.H  ., supra, at 15-16.



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          The sponsors of this measure submit that this bill is necessary 
          and urgent to not interrupt the sex treatment these wards are 
          receiving at DJF, and because counties do not have adequate 
          housing or programming capacity to address the needs of these 
          particular wards.  The Chief Probation Officers of California 
          and the California District Attorneys Association state in part:

               If this measure is not approved, the sex offender 
               treatment being received by these wards would be 
               disturbed.  Additionally, it appears that most 
               counties would be ill-prepared to house and treat 
               these wards locally.
           
          6.  Future Considerations: The Future of DJF; Sex Offender 
          Registration Based on Juvenile      Adjudications
           
          The Governor's proposed 2012-2013 budget proposes to stop intake 
          of new juvenile offenders into DJF effective January 1, 2013.  
          This bill, while consistent with the intent of the reform 
          enacted by SB 81 in 2007, would appear to be inconsistent with 
          the Governor's most recent budget proposal.  SEIU Local 1000, 
          which supports this bill, notes in part:

               DJF is able to provide highly specialized services to 
               this population of sex offenders that may not be 
               available at the county level.  However, the Governor 
               in his 2012-13 Budget proposes to close all intakes of 
               wards to DJF in 2013 . . . .    We would ask what will 
               happen to these sex offenders once DJF is closed?
          Members may wish to ask proponents of this bill and the 
          administration to address the issue of juvenile sex offender 
          treatment, including treatment provided at DJF, in the long 
          term.   

          Additionally, as members consider this bill they also may wish 
          to keep in mind the broader policy issues concerning sex 
          offender registration for juvenile sex offenders - an issue not 
          directly raised by this bill with respect to the 65 wards 
          affected by C.H., but nevertheless relevant to the larger policy 




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          discussion concerning these particular youthful offenders.  
          California law imposes lifetime registration on juvenile 
          offenders who are committed to DJF after having been adjudicated 
          to be a ward of the court for the commission of a registerable 
          sex crime.  (Penal Code � 290.008.)  Registration for juvenile 
          sex offenders found to be wards of the juvenile court - 
          technically a civil proceeding in which a minor has no right to 
          a jury trial - is predicated solely on their commitment to DJF; 
          juvenile sex offenders who are paroled or discharged from DJF 
          are subject to the registration laws, and those who remain local 
          are not.  

          The requirements of sex offender registration in California have 
          evolved and expanded significantly over the last 20 years, 
          including more frequent re-registration,<8> significantly 
          narrowed options for relief from the obligation to register,<9> 
          and residency restrictions under Jessica's Law.<10>  The 
          expanded application of sex offender registration laws is 
          particularly significant in the area of juvenile law: what now 
          is a lifetime duty to register as a sex offender for offenses 
          adjudicated by the juvenile court once terminated - prior to 
          ---------------------------
          <8>  For example, annual registration was not required until the 
          passage of AB 3513 (Umberg)(Ch. 865, Stats. 1994); before then, 
          registrants had to re-register upon a change of residence.  In 
          subsequent years even more frequent re-registration has been 
          imposed, such as for transient sex offenders (See SB 882 
          (Schiff)(Ch. 820, Stats. 1997); AB 2527 (Frommer)(Ch. 429, 
          Stats. 2004 �now addressed in Penal Code � 290.012])) .
          <9>  See AB 3456 (Harvey)(Ch. 863, Stats. of 1994); AB 1901 
          (Alby)(Ch. 129, Stats. 1996).  
          <10> Penal Code � 3003.5(b).  (Proposition 83, November 2006 
          General Election.)  A number of issues relating to the residency 
          restrictions are before the California Supreme Court in People 
          v. Mosley (S187965).   In September of 2010, the Fourth 
          Appellate District held that the residency restriction is 
          punitive and therefore registration and the residency 
          restriction cannot be imposed without a jury trial making the 
          supporting findings beyond a reasonable doubt.  That decision 
          was superseded by a grant of review by the California Supreme 
          Court in January of last year, where the case now is pending.   



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          1995 - when a person reached the age of 25 years.<11>  In light 
          of what sex offender registration means today, and as the 
          utility and use of DJF in the larger context of California's 
          juvenile justice system continues to evolve -- especially if the 
          Governor's proposal to close DJF moves forward -- members may 




















                                                                     (More)


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          <11> AB 3456 (Harvey)(Ch. 863, Stats. of 1994.)  The Senate 
          committee analysis of this bill stated in part: "This bill would 
          continue a juvenile offender's duty to register as a sex 
          offender beyond the age 25.  ()  Juvenile delinquents generally 
          are handled by a separate, quasi-criminal court system designed 
          to promote treatment and rehabilitation.  The philosophy and 
          rationale for treating juvenile offenders differently than adult 
          offenders is that, because youthful offenders are intercepted at 
          an early age, there still is some hope they can be 
          rehabilitated.  () WOULD CONTINUING SEX OFFENDER REGISTRATION 
          BEYOND THE AGE OF 25 FOR PEOPLE WHO WERE ADJUDICATED AS MINORS 
          -- BUT NOT REMANDED TO ADULT COURT -- TO HAVE COMMITTED A 
          REGISTERABLE OFFENSE BE CONSISTENT WITH THE CURRENT JUVENILE 
          JUSTICE SYSTEM?  ()  WHAT PUBLIC INTEREST WOULD BE SERVED BY 
          CONTINUING REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR OFFENSES ADJUDICATED IN 
          JUVENILE COURT?  ()  WOULD THIS PUBLIC INTEREST OUTWEIGH THE 
          POTENTIAL HARM TO EFFORTS AT REHABILITATION?"  (Senate Judiciary 
          Committee Analysis of AB 3456, as amended June 29, 1994 
          (capitalization in original).









          wish to consider a more comprehensive examination of the 
          juvenile sex offender registration laws.  Towards this end, the 
          California Sex Offender Management Board, working closely with 
          juvenile justice experts, may be an appropriate body to address 
          this issue and develop recommendations for future reforms.<12>


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          ---------------------------
          <12> Although under current law the Sex Offender Management 
          Board addresses policy issues concerning adult sex offenders 
          (Penal Code � 9002), expanding the scope of the Board's mission 
          to include juvenile sex offenders may be a worthwhile revision 
          to maximize the value of the Board in contributing to the 
          development and implementation of effective sex offender 
          management policies in California.