BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AB 527
                                                                  Page  1

          Date of Hearing:  April 27, 2011

                       ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT
                                Cameron Smyth, Chair
                   AB 527 (Hernández) - As Amended:  April 14, 2011
           
          SUBJECT  :  Public officials: financial interests.

           SUMMARY  :  Prohibits state, county, district, judicial district, 
          and city officers or employees from authorizing the expenditure 
          of public funds, regardless of whether a contract is made in 
          furtherance of the expenditure, if any member of the body or 
          board is financially interested in the person or entity that 
          receives the expenditure.  Specifically, this bill  :

          1)Prohibits state, county, district, judicial district, and city 
            officers or employees from authorizing the expenditure of 
            public funds, regardless of whether the contract is made in 
            furtherance of the expenditure, if any member of the body or 
            board is financially interested in the person or entity that 
            receives the expenditure.

          2)Requires an officer who discloses his or her interest in a 
            contract involving the body or board in order to be deemed not 
            interested in that contract to disclose that interest at a 
            public meeting of that body or board and requires counsel or 
            another legal advisor of the body or board to identify a 
            statutory basis for classifying the interest as remote at a 
            public meeting 
          of the body or board.

          3)Prohibits any body or board of a city or county, including, 
            but not limited to a planning commission, from approving any 
            project, plan, permit, or conveyance of land in which any 
            member of that body is financially interested unless all of 
            the following occurs:

             a)   The fact of that interest is disclosed to the body or 
               board by the financially interested member at a public 
               meeting of that body or board;

             b)   The financially interested member abstains from voting 
               on the project, plan, permit, or conveyance of land; and,

             c)   The body or board approves the project, plan, permit, or 








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               conveyance of land in good faith by a vote of its 
               membership sufficient for the purpose without counting the 
               vote or votes of the member with the remote interest.

          4)Requires a member of a body or board to be deemed financially 
            interested if the approval of the project, plan, permit, or 
            conveyance will have a reasonably foreseeable financial effect 
            on the member, on the real property owned or leased by the 
            member, or on a business entity in which the member is an 
            employee, agent, contractor, or consultant of the business 
            entity.

          5)Requires any project, plan, permit, or conveyance approved in 
            violation of these provisions to be void.

          6)Requires a member of a body or board that is financially 
            interested in the approval of a project, plan, permit, or 
            conveyance of land and votes to approve the project, plan, 
            permit, or conveyance of land to be punished with a fine of 
            not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment in state prison, and 
            to be forever disqualified from holding any office in this 
            state.

          7)Declares these provisions to be a statewide concern and 
            applicable to charter cities and charter counties.

           EXISTING LAW  :

          1)Prohibits, under conflict of interest provisions, members of 
            the Legislature, as well as state, county, district, judicial 
            district, and city officers or employees from being 
            financially interested in any contract made by them in their 
            official capacity, or by any body or board of which they are a 
            member.

          2)Requires a government officer to not be deemed to be 
            interested in a contract entered into by a body or board of 
            which the officer is a member if the officer has only a 
            "remote interest," as defined, in the contract before the 
            body.  Requires, however, the remote interest be disclosed to 
            the body or board which the officer is a member and noted in 
            its official records, and thereafter that the body or board 
            authorizes, approves, or ratifies the contract in good faith 
            by a vote of its membership, without counting the vote or 
            votes of the officer or member with the remote interest.  








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          3)Enumerates the circumstances that would lead to characterizing 
            an interest as remote.

          4)Requires anyone who violates any conflict of interest 
            provision to be punished with a fine of not more than $1,000 
            or by imprisonment in the state prison, and to be forever 
            disqualified from holding any office in this state

          5)Prohibits, under the Political Reform Act of 1974 (PRA), any 
            public official at any level of state or local government from 
            making, participating in making, or in any way attempting to 
            use his or her official position to influence a governmental 
            decision in which he or she knows or has reason to know he or 
            she has a financial interest.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :  Unknown

           COMMENTS  :

          1)Under existing law, conflict of interest provisions generally 
            prohibit a government official, in his or her official 
            capacity, from participating in the making of any contract in 
            which the official has a financial interest.  At the same 
            time, however, existing law provides a number of exemptions to 
            this general rule where the member's interest is deemed 
            sufficiently "remote" and is properly disclosed and noted in 
            the official record.  These exemptions generally reflect the 
            fact that officials who serve on various public entities may 
            occasionally have associations with private entities with whom 
            the public entity may wish to contract.  Rather than impose a 
            complete ban on such contracts - which might severely limit 
            the public agencies contracting options - existing law 
            attempts to create safeguards that will eliminate any 
            potential conflicts of interest.

          2)The PRA was approved by the voters in 1974 to regulate and 
            require disclosure of campaign contributions and expenditures, 
            candidates' and office holders' income, conflicts of interest, 
            and lobbying activities.  Among its provisions is the 
            requirement no public official, including officials at any 
            level of local government, from using his or her official 
            position to influence a governmental decision in which he or 
            she knows or has to reason know he or she has a financial 
            interest.  








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          The PRA defines a financial interest as existing if it is 
            reasonably foreseeable the decision will have a material 
            financial effect, distinguishable from the effect on the 
            general public, on the official or a member of his or her 
            immediate family.  It further specifies a financial interest 
            exists if the decision has a material effect on any business 
            entity or real property in which the public official has a 
            direct or indirect investment worth $2,000 or more; any source 
            of income, other than gifts or loans, aggregating $500 or more 
            provided to (or received by, or promised to) the public 
            official within 12 months prior to the time of the decision; a 
            donor of gifts aggregating $250 or more to the public official 
            within the 12 months prior to the time of the decision; or any 
            business entity in which the public official is a director, 
            officer, partner, trustee, employee, or holds any position of 
            management.

          Any person who knowingly or willfully violates a provision of 
            the PRA is guilty of a misdemeanor, faces a monetary penalty, 
            and is barred from being a candidate for any elective office 
            or act as a lobbyist for four years following the date of 
            conviction.

          3)According to the author, AB 527 helps restore the public's 
            faith in government by ensuring those who are given 
            decision-making powers do so in an ethical way.  The author 
            points to recent examples of where local governments approved 
            the expenditure of public funds to persons or entities that 
            had financially interested relationships with members of the 
            legislative bodies of the local government or its employees.  
            |

          The author singles out the corruption charges for the City of 
            Bell's City Manager Robert Rizzo, whose partner in a 
            horse-racing venture was eventually awarded $10.4 million in 
            business contracts from the city.  And, in Whittier, 
            Councilmember Bob Henderson was investigated in 2010 for 
            violating state conflict-of-interest laws when he voted to 
            approve the city's lease with Matrix Oil Company so that they 
            could drill into oil fields after Mr. Henderson received 
            royalties from the company for the mineral rights to his 
            house.  

          Mr. Rizzo's case of misappropriation was eventually dismissed, 








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            and Mr. Henderson was cleared of violating 
            conflict-of-interest laws because current law did not prohibit 
            their actions.  The author says AB 527 would remedy these 
            situations, especially at a time when the public's approval 
            rating for elected officials is at an all-time low.  

          4)AB 527 prohibits any officer or employee of a state, county, 
            district, judicial district, or city from authorizing the 
            expenditure of public funds, even if there is a contract for 
            the expenditure, if any member of the body or board of the 
            state, county, district, judicial district, city is 
            financially interested in the person or entity receiving the 
            money.  This language is overly broad so that an employee in a 
            county treasurer's office who releases a check of county funds 
            as part of a duly executed public works contract would face 
            prison time, a fine of not more than $1,000, and a lifetime 
            banishment from holding public office all because a 
          member of that employee's board was financially interested in 
            the contract and never declared his or her financial interest. 
             The Committee may wish to consider whether the overly broad 
            language of who is deemed financially interested in a contract 
            would cripple the business of the state, counties, districts, 
            judicial districts, and cities. 
          Also, AB 527 would require the state's, county's, district's, 
            judicial district's, and city's legal counsel to identify a 
            statutory basis for classifying a financial interest as remote 
            at a public meeting of the body or board.  This new 
            requirement under conflict of interest provisions would 
            seemingly appear to hold legal counsel liable for the 
            financial interest of the officer.  For instance, if legal 
            counsel did not adequately identify the financial interest, 
            legal counsel would face a penalty of prison time, a fine of 
            not more than $1,000, and a lifetime banishment from holding 
            public office.  Legal counsel already is regulated by the 
            State Bar for malpractice and ethics violations so the 
            Committee may wish to consider whether it is necessary to add 
            a new layer of liability to these attorneys.

          AB 527's provisions regarding the prohibition on a body or board 
            of a city or county from approving any project, plan, permit, 
            or conveyance of land in which any member of that body is 
            financially interested unless that interest is disclosed is a 
            hybrid of existing provisions in the PRA and conflict of 
            interest statutes.  The PRA already prohibits public 
            officials, including officials at any level of local 








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            government, from using their official position to influence a 
            governmental decision in which they know or have reason to 
            know they have a financial interest.  AB 527 just goes a step 
            further and stiffens the penalty for violating this principle 
            to be a penalty of prison time, a fine of not more than 
            $1,000, and a lifetime banishment from holding public office 
            rather than the just the penalty under the PRA, which is a 
            misdemeanor and being barred from being a candidate for any 
            elective office for four years following the date of 
            conviction.  The Committee may wish to consider whether the 
            existing penalty for violating the PRA is already enough of a 
            deterrent to this type of behavior. 

          5)Support arguments:  Supporters might say holding all levels of 
            government accountable for the conflicts of interest of board 
            members ensures all decisions made by a legislative body are 
            free of outside influence.

          Opposition arguments:  Opposition, Association of California 
            School Administrators, say 
          AB 527 unfairly places the burden of conflict of interest laws 
            on a staff member who may not know a conflict of interest for 
            a board member exists in an approved contract.

           REGISTERED SUPPORT / OPPOSITION  :   

           Support 
           
          None on file

           Concern
           
          League of CA Cities

           Opposition 
           
          Association of CA School Administrators
           
          Analysis Prepared by  :    Jennifer Klein Baldwin / L. GOV. / 
          (916) 319-3958