BILL ANALYSIS                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ó



                                                                  AB 532
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          CONCURRENCE IN SENATE AMENDMENTS
          AB 532 (V. Manuel Pérez)
          As Amended  August 30, 2011
          Majority vote
           
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          |ASSEMBLY:  |51-26|(June 2, 2011)  |SENATE: |23-15|(September 1,  |
          |           |     |                |        |     |2011)          |
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           Original Committee Reference:   ED.  

           SUMMARY  :  Modifies California's public school assessment and 
          accountability system with respect to English Learner (EL) 
          pupils, commencing July 1, 2012.  Specifically,  this bill  
          requires:   

          1)Any primary language assessment developed and administered 
            pursuant to current law, and the results of that assessment, 
            to be considered for inclusion in the state assessment system, 
            the federal and state accountability system, and any successor 
            assessment or accountability systems, for all limited English 
            proficient (LEP) students who receive instruction in their 
            primary language, or have been enrolled in U.S. schools for 
            less than 12 months.

          2)Any advisory committee, work group, task force or technical 
            assistance group after July 1, 2012, that is either required 
            by the Legislature or Governor, or established by the 
            Superintendent of Public Instruction (SPI) or State Board of 
            Education to provide recommendations on future state 
            assessment, or state or federal accountability systems, to 
            determine how to accomplish specified tasks related to 1) 
            above, as well as to reporting and disaggregating 
            comprehensive EL data.  Also specifies that any group 
            specified above includes persons with demonstrated expertise 
            in assessment of or research on EL pupils.

          3)California's state assessments to be valid, reliable, and 
            comparable for LEP students and students with disabilities, 
            and that accommodations and variations for those students be 
            provided pursuant to the core state assurances provided by the 
            state under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 
            2009.









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          4)The state's primary language assessments meet the technical 
            requirements, with respect to validity, reliability and 
            comparability, in the standards jointly developed by the 
            American Psychological Association, American Educational 
            Research Association, and National Council on Measurement in 
            Education.

           The Senate amendments  :

          1)Clarify that any advisory group specified in 2) above be in 
            existence after July 1, 2012;

          2)Delete the requirement that the SPI recommend to any national 
            assessment consortium that California joins as a governing 
            member, that state assessment systems include modifications to 
            eliminate linguistic complexity, to the extent practicable; 
            and,

          3)Require any primary language test "be considered for 
            inclusion" in the state's assessment and accountability 
            systems, rather than require such test to "be included."

           EXISTING LAW  requires, under the federal No Child Left Behind 
          Act and state law, the implementation of a statewide 
          accountability system based on state standards in reading and 
          mathematics, annual testing for all students in specified 
          grades, including primary language content tests as specified, 
          and annual statewide progress objectives and measures.

           AS PASSED BY THE ASSEMBLY  , this bill was substantially similar 
          to the version passed by the Senate, but placed stronger 
          requirements on the use of primary language assessment results.

           FISCAL EFFECT  :   According to the Senate Appropriations 
          Committee, substantial General Fund cost pressure, related to 
          changing the use of primary language assessments in the 
          successor assessment system and California Department of 
          Education workload.

           COMMENTS  :   California's state assessment program is comprised 
          of three major testing components, including the STAR Program, 
          which requires the English language California Standards Tests 
          (CST) in English language arts, mathematics, science and 
          history/social science at specified grade levels, and includes 
          the Standards-based Tests in Spanish (STS), Spanish language 








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          tests in reading-language arts and mathematics that are 
          administered to Spanish speaking English learners who have been 
          in school in the U.S. less than 12 months or who are receiving 
          instruction in Spanish.  Results for STAR tests are reported for 
          each pupil, but no accountability attaches to individual 
          results; metrics used in the state and federal accountability 
          systems are primarily based on the aggregated STAR test scores 
          from all pupils in a school or school district.  For example, 
          the results of the English language content achievement tests 
          are incorporated into the Academic Performance Index (API) to 
          measure the overall performance of schools and school districts; 
          no other information, including STS results, is included in the 
          API.

          The primary result of this bill is to open the possibility, if 
          primary language assessments are incorporated into 
          accountability systems, of mediating the invalid practice of 
          making decisions, where educational stakes for a pupil, school 
          or district are involved, on the sole basis of content tests 
          that are administered to pupils who do not fully understand the 
          language in which the test is written.  Even though the STAR 
          CSTs are meant to be pure content (e.g., mathematics, science, 
          history social studies) tests and the scores are intended to 
          reflect the pupil's understanding of that content, for pupils 
          with limited English language skills the CSTs measure something 
          more than  the pupil's abilities in those content areas; clearly 
          an EL pupil's test scores would reflect both the pupil's 
          understanding of those content areas, and the pupil's ability to 
          read and understand the language in which the test and test 
          directions were written.  Thus decisions, including those 
          concerning instruction, retention, promotion or graduation, made 
          about that pupil, using judgments about the pupil's knowledge 
          and ability in that content area derived from a content test 
          written in a language in which the pupil has limited fluency, 
          may very well be flawed.  This problem follows the pupil's test 
          score as it is aggregated up into scores at the school, district 
          and other levels, and will also be present in any other metric 
          that includes the test score (e.g., API).  This particularly 
          presents problems for aggregate scores and measures in schools 
          or districts with very high proportions of EL pupils, and for 
          any educational decisions that involve high stakes (e.g., 
          graduation for the individual, or sanctions and interventions 
          for the school or district).

          This bill proposes to address this issue by improving the 








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          state's primary language tests and increasing the information 
          composited into accountability measures (e.g., API) by including 
          primary language content test results, and by requiring testing 
          accommodations and variations on those tests so as to reduce the 
          effect of language differences on the test scores of EL 
          students.


           Analysis Prepared by  :    Gerald Shelton / ED. / (916) 319-2087 
          FN: 0002568